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Alex, The Brainy Parrot Who Knows About Zero

Roland Piquepaille writes "Alex is a 28-year-old grey parrot who lives in a lab at Brandeis University in Waltham, Mass., and can count, identify objects, shapes, colors and materials. And now, Alex has grasped the concept of zero, according to World Science. In fact, Alex can describe the absence of a numerical quantity on a tray containing colored cubes. When a color is missing, Alex consistently identified this 'zero quantity' by saying the label 'none.' You might think that this is just a parrot trick, but this research about 'bird intelligence' might also help autistic and other learning-disabled children 'who have trouble learning language and counting skills.' This overview contains other details, references and a picture of Alex counting his colored cubes."

16 of 435 comments (clear)

  1. Symptom, not the cause. by iamdrscience · · Score: 3, Insightful
    You might think that this is just a parrot trick, but this research about 'bird intelligence' might also help autistic and other learning-disabled children 'who have trouble learning language and counting skills.'
    I still think it's a parrot trick, and when translated to autistic kids, it's just an autistic kid trick. Training someone how to react to a situation and making them understand it are very different things, i.e. I could teach a four year old how to recite the quadratic equation, it doesn't mean they can use it.
    1. Re:Symptom, not the cause. by garcia · · Score: 4, Insightful

      One of these apparent lapses occurred one day when an experimenter asked Alex "what color three?" Laid out before Alex were sets of two, three and six objects, each set differently colored. Alex insisted on responding: "five." This made no sense given that the answer was supposed to be a color.

      After several tries the experimenter gave up and said: "OK, Alex, tell me: what color five?" "None," the bird replied. This was correct, in that there was no color that graced exactly five of the objects. The researchers went on to incorporate "none" into future trials, and Alex consistently used the word correctly, they said.


      If the researcher's comments on the subject are true and they aren't suffering from "proud parrot syndrome", how do you explain that the parrot decided to "up the ante" and play a more difficult game?

      It's apparent from their words that the parrot does understand that there was a group that did not exist and thus it isn't some silly trick.

    2. Re:Symptom, not the cause. by rustbear · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'm not really convinced that the distinction that you are making (i.e. between understanding and behaviour memorisation) really exists. In my opinion, understanding is a kind of encoding, meaning you take a kernel of knowledge and can deduce the rest from it. However the kernel still needs to be memorised.

      For instance, a mathematician can do great things with a Euler's equation, but if he/she cannot remember the formula in the first place, they are not going to get anywhere.

      My point is that what you call understanding is for you, a "dumb you trick", for me a "dumb me trick", same as for the parrot and autistic kids. It's just that non-autistic people may be able to encode more and remember less.

    3. Re:Symptom, not the cause. by MisaDaBinksX4evah · · Score: 5, Insightful

      So, prove to everyone that your sentience is based on more than just a bunch of automated and learned responses to stimuli.

      READY, SET, GO!

      --
      Misa no botha with yousa.
  2. hmmm by slashdotnickname · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Guess I'll have to rethink my intent when I call someone a bird brain!

    On a side note, why is the concept of zero considered so advanced on the intelligence ladder? I know it was well after Greek times that man came to terms with it. But could it be the case that we were over-thinking its concept?

    Maybe someone can better describe this article's subject's significance... all I know, from my own observations, is that my dog certainly demonstrates a form of awareness whenever there's zero food in its dish!

    1. Re:hmmm by Petrushka · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Because an understanding of the difference between 'present' and 'absent' is a much more fundamental idea than that of 'number'. Treating them as related concepts is a big step:

      1. If it's here it's 'present'; if not, it's 'absent'
      2. If it's here I can count it
      3. ...
      4. I can count 'absent' things too!
  3. Re:Hubris by PsiPsiStar · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I have nothing against eating animals either, but 'survival of the fittest' is not a moral philisophy in any sense of the word. It is pure power relations, i.e. "you can kill someone if it helps you and they can't punish you for doing it."

    I worry when people use it to 'justify' anything.

    --

    ___
    It's the end of my comment as I know it and I feel fine.
  4. Re:Hubris by interiot · · Score: 3, Insightful
    In some ways, it's hubris to think that animals could be close to our intelligence.

    Humans have been writing symbols, farming, living in cities, using horses/camels etc for land travel, using boats for sea travel, etc etc etc. for how many thousands of years now?

    Not to mention, how many animals actually verbally communicate from generation to generation, use tools, or keep domesticated pets or farm animals, and we've been doing that for how many tens of thousands of years? (yes, I think there are some, but we've been doing these things for a very long time)

    I mean, it's not like animals could hide that sort of thing. If animals were going to be doing sub-atomic research and travelling in space in the next couple of thousand years, you'd think the scale of their culture would be really bleeding obvious right now. And given that most animals have had a longer amount of time to work this stuff out than we have, I'd say that it's clear we're on top.

    (granted, it's cool to learn that animals are smarter than we previously thought, but let's not infer that just because you can jump up and down, that soon you'll be able to reach the moon)

  5. Hubris indeed ... by Space+cowboy · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ... to think that you are so advanced you can change your basic behaviour and instincts.

    Face it, you're an omnivore, like it or not. Whether you choose to eat meat or not is irrelevant - you have evolved to eat a variety of foods, including meat. Humankind is the most general of species on this planet - we survive in extreme heat, extreme cold, and everywhere in-between precisely because we can adapt to changing circumstance. Eating meat is a part of this general behaviour. I see no reason to be ashamed of what we do when it's in our nature to do it.

    It may even be (given that it's generally the meat-eaters predatorial requirements for advanced tactics that drive this) that you *had* to eat meat for thousands of years before you'd evolve to the state where it was optional...

    Frankly, those who espouse that we shouldn't eat other animals are mainly hypocrites. Humourous note: while checking the spelling of that, I typed "hypocr" into OSX's dashboard dictionary and it guessed at 'hypocretin'. Although it's not applicable (it's a hormone!), I'd love to adopt it instead of hypocrite. It just fits so well :-)

    Put a tethered lamb in front of a cave with fresh running water and see if the human would rather die than kill and eat the lamb. If you kill the lamb, if you'd rather die, then well and good - I respect your principles whilst simultaneously denouncing you as a fool. If you kill and eat the lamb, everything comes down to a matter of degree - when is it acceptable to eat meat and when is it not? That's an arbitrary decision made by an individual based on his/her preconceptions. No one decision is any more "right" than any other since the decision is a personal one. So stop telling me I can't have a bacon sandwich at the weekend!

    Simon.

    --
    Physicists get Hadrons!
    1. Re:Hubris indeed ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      > Face it, you're an omnivore, like it or not.
      > Whether you choose to eat meat or not is irrelevant - you have evolved to eat a variety of foods, including meat.

      I've evolved to be able to. Unlike some species, such as domestic housecats, I do not _have_ to eat meat.

      > Humankind is the most general of species on this planet - we survive in extreme heat, extreme cold, and everywhere in-between precisely because we can adapt to changing circumstance.

      Look at species such as water bears. We can't survive underwater without special apparatus, or for a lifetime, much less in an ocean vent. We can't survive an extended amount of time and reproduce on top of the Himalayas. They can.
      Humans are adaptable, but physically fragile; tools help, but we are very far from as general as you claim. Our extremes of heat and cold are much more limited than those of some other species.

      > Eating meat is a part of this general behaviour. I see no reason to be ashamed of what we do when it's in our nature to do it.

      Eating meat is possible. It is not, for at least some human beings, necessary. For religious, health, and ethical reasons, many people choose to eat little or no meat. One does not have to be ashamed of this choice either.

      Many things which are part of human nature, such as rape (chimpanzees do it too...) are reprehensible. While eating meat is obviously not in the same category, just because something has occurred for a long time and is possible for a species does not imply it's positive, fits within accepted bounds of most people's ethics, or anything else, beyond "it's been around a long time and is possible."

    2. Re:Hubris indeed ... by PsiPsiStar · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Put a tethered lamb in front of a cave with fresh running water and see if the human would rather die than kill and eat the lamb. If you kill the lamb, if you'd rather die, then well and good - I respect your principles whilst simultaneously denouncing you as a fool. If you kill and eat the lamb, everything comes down to a matter of degree - when is it acceptable to eat meat and when is it not? That's an arbitrary decision made by an individual based on his/her preconceptions. No one decision is any more "right" than any other since the decision is a personal one.

      While I eat meat myself, I'm not sure I buy your moral logic. If I were starving, I would be willing to steal food. Theft is still wrong. But stealing food is better than starving to death.

      If we're forced into it, sometimes we have to choose the lesser of two evils. But we shouldn't let that choice establish a precedent. We shouldn't say "If it's okay to kill in self defence, then you can kill anyone any time you want as well."

      To a person who believed that an animal has rights, the decision to eat meat would not be a personal one since it would involve another being. The decision to eat meat is only 'personal' if you don't consider the creature being eaten to have rights in the situation.

      The law, of course, recognizes the decision as personal since it only recognizes people as subjects and animals are mostly considered property which is used as people see fit - though there are some animal cruelty laws.

      --

      ___
      It's the end of my comment as I know it and I feel fine.
    3. Re:Hubris indeed ... by utexaspunk · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Hubris, my ass- I'm a vegan and I respect your right to eat meat, but I have to call you out when you say stupid shit like your post.

      I'm a vegan because I believe society has advanced to a point where we are capable of survival without intentionally causing suffering to animals. Sure, we evolved to be omnivores, but the majority of our evolution occured before the advent of agriculture and civilization, and thus killing was a necessary part of survival. We also evolved to be greedy and lustful. Does that make stealing and rape ok?

      Your stupid hypothetical situation puts one back into a scenario where they would have to kill for survival. This is not what we are presented with in everyday reality. Yes, if it's kill or die, I'll kill. I don't value an animal's life more than my own, but that doesn't mean that an animal's life is without value, or that they do not suffer. Everyday reality is not kill or die, so I do my best not to. That doesn't make me hypocritical.

  6. What a stupid question! by Space+cowboy · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Of course I mind if you kill and eat a pet of mine - I have an emotional attachment to the animal - it's a PET!

    Do I mind if you kill and eat a scorpion in the desert ? No. Knock yourself out.

    It's the emotional attachment that's important - not the animal. As a child, I had a pet rabbit. If you'd tried to kill and eat it, I'd set the dog on you! I couldn't care less if you go out into the foothills and kill and eat a rabbit. I dare say there are (vegetable) farmers who would actively encourage you...

    Simon

    --
    Physicists get Hadrons!
  7. Re:Hubris... Yes... by Tony+Hoyle · · Score: 4, Insightful

    And I for one welcome our new feline masters...

    You missspelled 'avian'.

  8. Not likely. by Fortyseven · · Score: 3, Insightful

    A lot of schmucks will probably treat these sorts of interesting things like novelty party tricks and move on.

    Most people can't even treat other people with respect, so to me it's unrealistic to expect them to ever care about anything outside their own species except for personal gain or as lunch.

    Of course, there are exceptions.

    What can I say? I'm just a cynical bastard. :P

  9. Re:Hubris by Kjella · · Score: 3, Insightful

    You seem to misunderstand what "fittest" means, in evolutionary terms.

    No, it means there's a fundamental difference between biology and morality. In biology, the only thing that matters is numbers, not how you live. In morality, the only thing that matter is how you live, not the numbers. Note that you may indirectly influence the reproduction of your genes in your family, clan, people etc. so let us simplify.

    Assume there are only three people, one woman, a man and you (assumed male). "Fittest" means your ability to reproduce with that woman, but it doesn't matter if you seduce her, rape her or kill the competition, as long as you do. "Moral" means the way you live your life, regardless if you have any children or not.

    Fitness and morality are orthogonal concepts. (fit,moral) (fit,immoral) (unfit,moral) (unfit,immoral) are all valid combinations. You can't infer from the fitness of an action to its morality, or from the morality to its fitness. To use "survival of the fittest" as a moral argument is another way of saying that you don't care about the morality, only yourself.

    P.S. In the case of slashdot, the story ends this way anyway: "Remember when I said 'Not if you were the last man on Earth'? I meant it."

    Kjella

    --
    Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings