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Pillows Dangerous for Your Health

Roland Piquepaille writes "I guess we shouldn't be surprised by the fact that our pillows are miniature zoos containing millions of fungal spores, with some species able to cause diseases and even death. Researchers at the University of Manchester have studied the fungal contamination of our pillows for the first time in seventy years and discovered that these pillows were hot beds of fungal spores. After dissecting both feather and synthetic pillows in regular use between several months and 20 years, they've "identified several thousand spores of fungus per gram of used pillow -- more than a million spores per pillow."

40 of 444 comments (clear)

  1. I prefer to think of it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    As a challenge for my immune system. If I am weak, I shall die... but if I strong, I shall live and reproduce! My genetic information will spread!

    1. Re:I prefer to think of it by KiloByte · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Even worse, if you remove all the germs, your immune system will stay defenseless. You do need to be in contact with the spores if you want to be able to resist them -- and you will have to resist these sooner or later.

      --
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    2. Re:I prefer to think of it by Jesus_666 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Which is why it's important that kids play outside, get themselves dirty and come back to a home where it's not SOP to treat every spot with antibacterial spray. The more exposure to germs you get as a child, the stronger your immune system becomes.
      I know people who barely sneezed once during their childhood and who now can catch a cold from the temperature shift when they get out of bed in the morning, while people who spent half of their childhood sick tend to be more robust.

      --
      USE HOT GRITS WITH STATUE OF NATALIE PORTMAN (NAKED AND PETRIFIED)
    3. Re:I prefer to think of it by TetryonX · · Score: 4, Informative

      A cold is a combination of several hundred (to thousands) common bacterias, not often viruses, that you are exposed to. Your immune system is generally good at stopping these sorts of invaders within the first 2 layers of defense (skin + defense that lives within/near skin tissue), but this can be overwhelmed.

      However, the human body was designed to operate at 98.6 degrees. Shifting temperature can cause the body to either slightly overshoot this, or drop below it. When this happens the immune system is temporarily weakened. Bacteria or viruses can take advantage of this weaker state (generally by reproducing faster than the immune system can destroy) and cause sickness.

      Most of the time you will not notice this, the cellular death is too low to trigger adverse body-wide symptoms. However when it truely starts to get out of hand and the 3rd level of defense starts to kick in, you will generally start to feel sick.

      Shifts in temperature CAN cause you to catch a cold, hence the name. Cold temps weaken the immune system. Weak immune system = weaker bacteria/virus can invade easier. Invasion = sick. That sums it up methinks. Feel free to insert common sense where needed.

      --
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  2. how do we "treat" this problem? by yagu · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Well as one who has struggled with asthma forever I find this interesting news and could offer potential explanations for the ratcheting up of symptoms when going to bed (always, weird). It would have been nice if the article offered up more ideas about approaches to attenuate the exposure and risk of the fungi. For those who scanned, the best and only tidbit I could find in the entire article was this indirect advice: " Fortunately, hospital pillows have plastic covers and so are unlikely to cause problems, ..."

    1. Re:how do we "treat" this problem? by Jeffrey+Baker · · Score: 5, Interesting

      What's the deal with the ratcheting up of thread counts lately? I go into Bed Bath and Beyond or some other consumer hell and even the off-brand junk is advertising 1000-2000 threads. It's silly because most of those fabrics are still junk, but junk with a lot of threads. Personally, after going through two expensive sets of name-brand, high-thread bedding that hardly lasted 3 years, I bought a set from a hotel supplier. They don't specify it, but if I had to guess, I'd say the thread count is 250 or so. They feel great and are like-new after years of use.

      As for bleach, try hanging your bedding in the sun. It works great and costs nothing.

    2. Re:how do we "treat" this problem? by xSauronx · · Score: 4, Informative

      im a drycleaner and im here to tell you that using excessive amounts of bleach is going to cause any fabrics to wear out faster. use whatever amount the directions on the bottle tell you to, and be sure to rinse thoroughly after bleaching anything. hot water boosts the strength of bleaches, though if you prefer, a lukewarm or cool soak can be effective (though not always to the same extent), but will require a longer bath before rinsing to do the job.

      --
      By and large, language is a tool for concealing the truth. -- George Carlin
    3. Re:how do we "treat" this problem? by tolkienfan · · Score: 4, Funny

      Time to start microwaving pillows, everyone!

    4. Re:how do we "treat" this problem? by InvalidError · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Break out the aluminium foil.

      Cotton can survive spending an hour at over 100C, fungi and germs cannot. Cover one oven tray with foil, put the second tray at the next lowest position and put your pillows on it. The foil should prevent the cotton from burning due to direct IR exposure.

    5. Re:how do we "treat" this problem? by Seumas · · Score: 5, Funny

      I never saw the point in high threadcount until I had bedding with high threadcount. I notice a big difference, but being a guy, I'm a bit rough around the edges to start with. Girls notice a HUGE difference though. I think 1500tc is maybe overkill even with good material, but I got a great deal on my bedding. I got like $6,000 worth for $2,000 (comforter, duvet, sheets, pillows). I went from sleeping on a $100 futon mattress tossed on the floor my whole life to sleeping on satin sheets and $400 italian goose down checked pillows. I've never slept so soundly and comfortably. I wish I had spent the money and time investing in high quality bedding (and bed) many years ago. I could have avoided a lot of groggy mornings and painful aching days.

      Anyway, I don't care if there's bed bugs in my bed. I figure my pubic lice have to be strong enough to kill them all while I sleep.

    6. Re:how do we "treat" this problem? by Hangin10 · · Score: 5, Funny

      For increadibly high thread counts, be careful your bed doesn't fork.

    7. Re:how do we "treat" this problem? by PingPongBoy · · Score: 5, Funny

      Break out the aluminium foil

      Not to worry. If you don't have an oven, you can still use the foil to wrap your pillow or your head.

      --
      Know your pads. One time pad: good for cryptography. Two timing pad: where to take your mistress.
  3. And how many spores.... by MetalliQaZ · · Score: 5, Insightful

    And how many spores do I inhale just by walking outside my front door? How many live in the rugs at my place of work? How many may be found in the seats at the movie theater? Millions. Thats why he have an immune system IIRC.

    -d

    --
    "Here Lies Philip J. Fry, named for his uncle, to carry on his spirit"
    1. Re:And how many spores.... by madprof · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Exactly. If this was worth panicking over then why are we not all dying en masse due to the widepread use of pillows across the globe?

  4. 20 years? by grinwell · · Score: 4, Funny

    The real question is who uses a pillow for 20 years. That fungus could be older than your kids.

    1. Re:20 years? by DarkBlackFox · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Hey, I'm 21 and have been using the same pillow since I was 3 or 4. It's hard to break a pillow, so it makes sense that they can last many years. Just like with a computer- as long as it keeps doing it's job, there's no reason to replace it (Unless you want more power, but I dare you to find me a more powerful pillow than the one I've been using for 18ish years.)

    2. Re:20 years? by EnderWigginsXenocide · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The real question is who uses a pillow for 20 years. That fungus could be older than your kids.

      Frack pillows. Stuffed animals are made of similar construction. How many of us have grandma's first stuffed animal in their child's crib. My mother-in law had this elephant. My wife had it as a child. Now our oldest child is the new keeper of the elephant. People throw pillows because they have little emotional investment in them. The same isn't true for our beloved animal shaped pillows/stuffed animals.

      --
      Blessed are the pessimists, for they have made backups. -- 0 1 My two bits
    3. Re:20 years? by xgamer04 · · Score: 4, Funny

      My mother-in law had this elephant. My wife had it as a child.

      Wait, so your mother-in-law and wife gave birth to the same stuffed animal?!?!??!

      --
      When you look at the state of the world, how can you not become a radical, liberal anarchist?
  5. Think that's bad? by aliens · · Score: 4, Funny

    They should have studied my Calc 2 text book from college. I caught myself asleep and drooling on that poor book more times than I can remember.

    --
    -- taking over the world, we are.
  6. Goodnight by smvp6459 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Goodnight Timmy and don't let the fungal spores cause you respiratory distress.

  7. Well, toss out that pillow and go... by ForestGrump · · Score: 5, Funny

    adopt a dog from the SPCA. Great companions, and great pillows too!*

    I used to have a german shep/rot mix. loyal as can be and a great companion to the end. He also made a great pillow too!

    Grump

    *until it farts or wants to get up and leave.

    --
    Is it true that more people vote for the winner of American Idol, than vote for the president? -Ali G.
    1. Re:Well, toss out that pillow and go... by ThousandStars · · Score: 5, Funny
      I think your comment:

      *until it farts or wants to get up and leave.

      Explains your signature:

      --
      still looking for a wife...

  8. Just like the news by pellik · · Score: 5, Insightful

    A lot of this comes accross as scare tactics, imo. Fungal spores are very, very small things. So you have several thousand per gram, and a million of em on your pillow. How does this compare to other non-pillow personal objects? Is this unusual? It would have been nice if the reporter commented on data from the negative control such as a pillow nobody sleeps on. Furthermore, what percentage of these million fungi are actually pathogenic?

  9. Wrap 'em by PhotoGuy · · Score: 4, Interesting

    My son has dust allergies, and the Dr. recommended wrapping his pillow in polyethlyene and taping it. With a good thick pillow case over it, you barely notice it, yet retain the comfort of the pillow.

    I would imagine that would go a long way towards reducing fungus and other pillow-dwellers.

    --
    Love many, trust a few, do harm to none.
  10. In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Health experts are now warning of population explosions of foreign life forms able to subsist upon only sunlight and air. These dangerous beings, dubbed "plants" by leading scientists, pose a grave new threat to humanity.

    An excerpt from the Journal of Science quotes Dr. Hys Tarea of the University of New Dehli: "With unlimited energy sources, these plants will cover every corner of arable land and consume large quantities of the earth's atmosphere if left unchecked, expelling only oxygen waste. These life forms have been living among us for millions of years and only now is the danger apparent. We must move quickly if we are to save lives."

  11. Bacteria, funguses, and viruses are everwhere. by Futurepower(R) · · Score: 4, Informative

    The article fails to mention that there are bacteria, funguses, and viruses everywhere.

    Probably the article is a public relations effort. Probably the Fungal Research Trust is a money-making scheme of one or more large pharmaceutical companies, a way to preserve deniability.

    The web site says it is a "not-for-profit charity". However, there are many ways that those who control the "charity" can use general research for profit. If there's some social cost, however, a "charity" provides a barrier between the work and the pharmaceutical companies.

    Maybe people will spend more money on fungus medicine because of the article.

    The fact that the article has no balance or perspective indicates the real purpose is different than telling the truth, in my opinion.

  12. phew by Joe+the+Lesser · · Score: 4, Funny

    First I thought this danger was related to pillow fights!

    --
    "I only speak the truth"
    Karma: null(Mostly affected by an unassigned variable)
  13. Fungus AmongUs by drgonzo59 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    My wife has bad asthma so we :
    1.make sure to buy new pillows every year or so (the cheap synthetic kind)
    2.wash them often in hot water
    3.wash the pillow cases in bleach and hot water every week
    4.use protective dust mite covers (not sure if these work for fungual spores?). The plastic ones should work too.

    All in all it works pretty well. This article though seems to fall into the "let's play on people's fear of the invisible deadly germs" category. Everyone has been sleeping on old pillows made from animal feathers for centuries and millenia probably and we seem to have survived. So people who are healthy could just continue sleeping the way they did before. There are probably other problems in the world to worry about other than fungus in pillows.

    1. Re:Fungus AmongUs by Bastian · · Score: 5, Funny

      There are probably other problems in the world to worry about other than fungus in pillows.

      You're right.

      FUNGUS IN MATTRESSES! OH MY GOD, WE'RE GOING TO DIE! AAAAAAAAA!

    2. Re:Fungus AmongUs by Headcase88 · · Score: 5, Funny

      Fungus in mushrooms! OMG!

      --
      "When the atomic bomb goes off there's devastation...but when the atomic bong goes off there's celebraaaaation!"
    3. Re:Fungus AmongUs by MagicDude · · Score: 4, Informative

      Something I want to point out is that spores are different from bacteria. A spore is structure of protein encapsulating bacterial DNA. It is formed by certain species of bacteria in conditions of low moisture, nutrients, temperature, etc. They are metabolically inactive and are incredibly tough to destroy. Once a spore finds itself in a suitable environment (like your nose or throat), it will germinate into a single bacterium and attempt to multiply. Getting back to killing spores, bleach is a good sporicide, but your solution should be about 1:5, or at least 1:10 (You want a minimum of 2500 ppm of chlorine in your solution, and normal household bleach is 5% available chlorine). Hot water will not kill spores. Boiling water will not kill spores. Spores require a temperature of about 121 C to be destroyed, and boiling water only reaches 100 C. Hospital supplies have to be autoclaved for 15 minutes to be sterilized. Basically, autoclaving involves superheated steam at high pressures to reach the required temperatures. Also, remember that there are various levels of disinfectants. A cleaning agent doesn't kill spores unless it specifically says its a sporicide, which is different from it being "antibacterial".

  14. The Curse Of Piquepaille by Y-Crate · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I was hoping that perhaps the editors had finally broken their unspecified "arraignment" with Roland Piquepaille due to the enormous outcry, but alas, they waited until things cooled-down from his 50 submissions a week, and are now once again accepting anything he submits.

    This time, the only link to his "news" site is the link for his name, but I don't think that will last for long. By his 40th story this time next week we can be assured that a quick paraphrase....er..."overview" will quietly slip in again, and multiply from there.

    To think, I almost became a regular /. reader again.

    The really interesting thing is that if the editors came clean on a lot of things from the outset, it would allay a lot of concerns, instead they give us a wall of silence except when it comes time to ask for subscriptions.

  15. The feather pillow by kaos.geo · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I read this in school when i was a child.
    It's Horacio Quiroga's short story The Feather Pillow.

    http://www.horrormasters.com/Text/a0568.pdf

    So much for fungal spores...try this and you will throw your pillow out the window (or buy synthetics, like the one I have ;))

  16. The solution is obviously to... by going_the_2Rpi_way · · Score: 4, Funny

    ... just drench your pillow in a cocktail of fungicide and DDT and a few other nerve agents. That should lower your risk substantially.

    Talk about not seeing the forest for the trees.

  17. Kindness, or maximizing shareholder value? by Futurepower(R) · · Score: 5, Informative

    Here is a list of contributors to the Fungal Research Trust: Fujisawa Corporation, Oxford Glycosciences, F2G Ltd, Chronic Granulomatous Disorder Research trust, Aventis, Janssen Research Foundation, Roche, Schering Plough Corporation, The Liposome Company, Merck Inc, Imedex Inc, Bristol Myers Squibb, Aronex Ltd, Vestar Inc, Eli Lilly, BioMerieux, Alza Corporation, Pfizer Inc, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Phairson Ltd, GlaxoWellcome, The Gossett Trust, The Clear Group, British Medical Association, Basilea, Valeant, Orthobiotech.

    Question: Are the pharmaceutical companies funding the Trust out of the kindness of their hearts, or is the Trust a way of maximizing shareholder value?

    If a pharmaceutical company wants to do some research that is risky to people, the company can avoid liability by having the work done by a "charitable" trust.

    The Trust can even collect money from the public, and use it to fund research that will eventually end in a profitable product.

  18. Bad science? Bad writeup by perrin5 · · Score: 4, Informative

    This appears to have been a decent, if pointless bit of research. They found fungus in pillows. Then some idiot came up with stuff like this:

    "Aspergillus fumigatus, the species most commonly found in the pillows, is most likely to cause disease; and the resulting condition Aspergillosis has become the leading infectious cause of death in leukaemia and bone marrow transplant patients. Fungi also exacerbate asthma in adults."

    The reason aspergillus is the leading cause of death in leukaemia patients is because their immune systems are comprimized. This is similar to Candida Albicans (see: yeast infections), which is THE leading cause of death in transplant patients, IIRC, due to its buildup on cathoders, and on implant devices. For normal people, Aspergillus has only minor effects.

    This article continues to raise the areas of danger including this gem:
    "Invasive Aspergillosis occurs mainly in the lungs and sinuses, although it can spread to other organs such as the brain, and is becoming increasingly common across other patient groups. It is very difficult to treat, and as many as 1 in 25 patients who die in modern European teaching hospitals have the disease. "

    Wow. 4% of deaths can be attrubuted to aspergillis species. Pardon me, but this is not particularly impressive.

    My best guess is that this press release is either because the researchers are working with a pillowcase disinfectant company, or because they're trying to play up the importance of their research to get more funding.

    All in all, unimpressive, and I expect better of slashdot than to blindly believe headlines.

    --
    hmmmm?
  19. Re:Evolution by britneys+9th+husband · · Score: 5, Funny

    Especially slashdotters who expect to get a girl into a bed full of filthy pillows that they're using to "boost their immune system"

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  20. Boy In The Bubble Syndrome by localman · · Score: 4, Insightful

    You know, we are evolved (or designed, heh) to live in a world with bacteria, viruses, and fungus. How did we get to the point where we fear our natural environment so much? I grew up with a mother who constantly disinfected everything including me. I had alergies and I had regular sickness. My immune system never got to develop immunity.

    I'm still a clean person and people (women even!) tell me so. But I shower without soap and rarely use deodorant... I've found my skin works better. I don't disinfect everything around me. I don't get sick often anymore, and when I do it is mild and brief. I've been doing this more than five years now.

    Anyways, I don't really care what's in my pillow. I'm sure it's full of fungus, dust mites, electrons and protons even. Who cares? There's also billions of bacteria multiplying in my colon. It's the way the world works.

    I get the sense most people here know this already, but I just get surprised when I hear these kinds of stories -- like the one where they said there are more bacteria on a keyboard than on a toilet. And your mouth has more bacteria than your genitals. But it seems to work out okay.

    Cheers.

  21. Although I'm no allergologist... by DrYak · · Score: 5, Informative
    They are metabolically inactive and are incredibly tough to destroy.

    On the other hand, I don't think the parent poster wanted to destroy the spores.
    He said his wife was asthmatic and AFAIK (im not allergologist, only MD), Acari are much more common allargen causing asthma and therefor I think that's what they targeted in their cleaning method.

    Like he said : people are living with all these bacterial spores for ages without much problems. There's no point at all in sleeping in a surgical-grade sterile bed. Only some people have asthma problems and must pay a little attention.

    Reasons why sterile bed sheets are stupid :
    - There's litteraly millions of bacterial spore around. A few more or less in the bed aren't making change at all.

    - Out of the incredible amount of bacterial species, only a really tiny fraction are pathogens. The biggest fraction don't harm the human body at all. Mostly because they just don't reproduce well in "body environnement" (for exemple : most bacteria have an optimal temperature of 20C or less, whereas pathogenes are usually among the few that work better around 37C)

    - TFA is about fungal spores (Aspergillus in this case). Normally, fungi *are completly harmless*, except in some very *special* occasion, like reduced immunological function (the article mentions leukemia, AIDS and drugs like steroids and drugs used for transplantations) and/or free sterile niche (we human aren't sterile at all. But most of the time we are covered with completly harmless bacteria, that just sit here and take the place, so there's no more free room for pathogens. - Example : when taking antibiotics that are to strong and not enough specific, too much of the normal harmless bacteria may die and thus leaving place for Candida to proliferate). Healthy people shouldn't care.

    - Allergies (and asthma) don't develop just like this by themself. For an allargen to create a new allergy, there must be always some chemical that triggers the immune system, usually an irritating one (in case of Acari, it's the protease that they secrete in their feces. In case of animal fur, it's other enzymes that are present in the saliva and that the animal spreads on his/her fur when cleaning him/herself). But spores are, as you said, an inactiveted form of the bacteria, sleeping and waiting for better time. And thus, they don't secrete much, so they cannot produce irritating chemicals that could trigger an immune reaction. Therefor, they cannot create a new allergy on their one. There's only an allergic reaction if something else has previously created an allergy and if antibodies of this new allergy can also cross-react with the non-irritating stuff.

    - Some evidence tend to show that sterile environnement *may* be bad for allergy. Because allergy is a form of immune system malfunction, and in non sterile environnement you keep one's immune system busy with other things, therefor preventing allergy to happen in those people who have such allergic immune system. ...

    Once again, I'm not an allergologist, so maybe there's some revelent detail that I haven't studied.
    --
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  22. Re:I certainly hope you're joking by bombadier_beetle · · Score: 5, Funny

    1500 thread count is nothing. I recently upgraded to pure plastic sheets, which have practically infinite thread count - perfectly smooth, no detectable weave texture at all.

    If chicks dig 1500 thread count sheets, just wait till they see the plastic sheets on my bed. They'll go nuts.

    --

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