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Brain Cells Fused with Computer Chips

valamaldoran writes "Looks like organic computers aren't too far off. Live Science has an interesting article about fusing brain neurons with silicon chips. From the article: 'The achievement could one day enable the creation of sophisticated neural prostheses to treat neurological disorders or the development of organic computers that crunch numbers using living neurons.'"

37 of 200 comments (clear)

  1. Better than quantum? by fatduck · · Score: 3, Funny

    Seems like programming for a neural network would have much of the same difficulties as quantum computing, only without the considerable advantage of computing power that quantum computing provides. Let's be honest, they just want to get in our brraaiinns..

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    1. Re:Better than quantum? by msobkow · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I think there are a few different approaches that could achieve machine intelligence, but we really haven't answered some key questions before we take such chances:

      1. Is it moral to create a race of slaves when so many people are out of work?
      2. At what point does intelligence become sentience?
      3. How can a moral framework be defined and implemented so that such a being would have the compassion to consider all viewpoints and lifeforms as equally important to the whole?

      Anime studies some of those ideas, but I think it'll be quite a long time before we've answered the questions and can decide whether to risk the Terminator. After all, if such an intelligence ever got the slightest chance to connect to the internet, we could all be in a world of pain.

      --
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  2. hippocampus chips by 80+85+83+83+89+33 · · Score: 2, Interesting


    Neurochips will replace up to 10,000 neurons in brains damaged by Alzheimer's and stroke: One day, a computer chip may do some of the work of a damaged hippocampus. check out Dr. Theodore W. Berger, University of Southern California in Los Angeles.

    the brain has billions of neurons, so this will still be small scale...

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  3. Hmmmm by Symp0sium · · Score: 5, Funny

    I guess it won't belong before resistance is futile.

    1. Re:Hmmmm by ag0ny · · Score: 4, Funny

      I guess it won't belong after either. ;)

  4. Knowing the letters ain't reading the book by Opportunist · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Some might remember this statement. It was said when they started decyphering the human genome.

    Just because we can "read" the letters doesn't mean we know what's written. Just because we can pump electricity into nerve cells doesn't mean we understand how they "think". It's still a long, long road to cyberpunk.

    Well, at least the technology aspect of this flavor of SciFi. The social aspect is almost achived.

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    1. Re:Knowing the letters ain't reading the book by MichaelSmith · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Just because we can pump electricity into nerve cells doesn't mean we understand how they "think".

      We can simulate the weather knowing only simple gas laws.

    2. Re:Knowing the letters ain't reading the book by somersault · · Score: 2, Insightful

      A general large scale simulation of the weather is a lot simpler than simulating billions of neurons - in fact the weather problem probably becomes a lot more simplified when you work to larger scales.

      If you have any 'simple laws' that can quickly and accurately simulate even thousands of neurons all working in parallel, then my simulations predict you're going to get very rich, or at least become famous in the scientific community =p

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    3. Re:Knowing the letters ain't reading the book by swillden · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Just because we can pump electricity into nerve cells doesn't mean we understand how they "think".

      I'm not sure that matters.

      For neural interfaces to control prostheses, we don't necessarily have to understand how the brain functions, exactly, because one thing we do know about the brain is that it can learn. People with brain damage can often learn to compensate, performing the necessary processing with different parts of the brain. Given that, it will likely be enough to create the connections, then allow the brain to learn how to manipulate them. The cyberpunk ideal of a jack that can simply be added to a brain to allow a person to immediately and directly interface with machines will probably never be realized, but it seems reasonable that years of training and practice after the implantation of such a jack might come close. Even more if the brain in question is young and still developing (though there are obviously huge ethical issues with that sort of experimentation).

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  5. Downloading the drivers by Ithika · · Score: 3, Funny

    The model and procedure for making the many parts of our body is encoded in our DNA. If we just drop in a a chip how can the body know to interact with it? Unless our genes are rewritten to include driver software (heh!) then the only likely result will be a mucus surface forming around the inorganic material, rather like a pearl forming around a piece of grit. At the basic level everything is done in terms of shuffling chemicals around. There is no "master planner" who will integrate our new chip capabilities (64-bit floating point maths or something) into the normal functioning of our brains.

    1. Re:Downloading the drivers by fatduck · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The brain exhibits a property called neuroplasticity meaning that it will reorganize its parts for greater efficiency. When brain cells are damaged, other brain cells rearrange themselves to absorb the function that the damaged brain cells can no longer perform. Researchers doing experiments on brain-controlled prosthetics noticed that they did not have to place electrodes precisely on the brain because the brain would recognize the function of the electrodes and organize its neurons to facilitate their effectiveness (in effect, recognizing them as neurons).

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    2. Re:Downloading the drivers by Ithika · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I don't doubt that; but there's a huge step from BMI-based prosthetics to the kind of science fiction being alluded to in Zonk's "dibs on a datajack" comment.

    3. Re:Downloading the drivers by FirienFirien · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Over time, the human body learns to interact. A child picks up walking by practise, a musician gets better as they practise and worse if they don't, ditto with sports players and gamers and everything at all.

      This isn't restricted to behaviour. With practise over the past years, I've gained control of muscles in my face that other people don't even know exist; I find it fun to twitch them and distract people. People who split their tongues as body modification can, with practise, control both tips independently, even though the tongue is hardly designed for it; the muscle is there, and with the cut the movements change.

      I very much doubt we need gene modification to control this. While it will of course be hard at first to activate the right neurons, in the same way that most people don't know how to twitch the right muscles to wiggle their ears, tic their cheeks (even though I can tic my left cheek easily, I don't yet have the fine control of my right, though from knowing that I was formerly unable to tic either and can now tic the left one under full control, I have no doubt that the right one will come with practise), or pull the really difficult one that moves the scalp back and forth, they all have the muscles there, they all have the neurons there to do it. Hook the chip up to an interface, then do random things like think about chocolate, wiggle your toes, try to talk in French; when you find something that triggers the chip, you'll be able to practise that trigger and eventually disassociate it from the chocolate/toes/translation to become a simple signal-to-chip.

      Watch a pro musician or even a pro gamer play, or a fast typer type. There isn't a conscious decision to play that note or press that key; it's too fast for that. It's something that's practised enough, and it's instinctive and automatic.

      Just needs practise.

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    4. Re:Downloading the drivers by Illserve · · Score: 2, Insightful

      What you say is true, but there limits. Somethings just can't be learned because the underlying hardware and control structures do not exist. Your ability to learn new facial movements may be impressive, but it may be that you have a particular genetic predisposition to do that.

      Simply put, if the nerves from the brain to allow a muscle to do a specific movement do not exist, no amount of practice is going to help let you make that movement.

      Rolling tongues, as a concrete example, is something that some people can do and others cannot, and it's controlled by genes.

  6. Big Question Is... by Scarletdown · · Score: 4, Funny

    Will it run Linux? And if so, just imagine a beowulf cluster of these organic computers!

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    1. Re:Big Question Is... by Scarletdown · · Score: 4, Funny

      This could put the Synaptic Package Manager in a whole new light.

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  7. I guess... by Symp0sium · · Score: 5, Funny

    ... this will lead to some kind of brain O/S elitism Having said that I don't think I would be using Microsoft Windows Seizure Edition.

    1. Re:I guess... by Clifton+Beach · · Score: 2, Funny

      I don't think I would be using Microsoft Windows Seizure Edition.

      Wow, what beautiful blue sky - Those dumb forecasters got it wrong ag......Bzzzzzt...bzzzzt..Aaaagh!

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  8. man woman by fuyu-no-neko · · Score: 2, Funny

    Even if one of these was implanted into the brain of a woman, you can still bet that no-one would be able to write a manpage for her. ;.;

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  9. Singularity! by Illbay · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Looks like the ride toward the singularity just picked up its pace.

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  10. Oh, great, a computer with headaches! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    "I have a headache due to high CPU usage. would you like to:
    a. Shut down some applications.
    b. Let me sleep for a while and get back to you.
    c. Get me some Aspirin already!"

  11. Re:Neurotransmitters by MichaelSmith · · Score: 3, Informative
    Don't nuerons use neurotransmitters to bridge the synapses? How is this able to send signals to hard silicons? Were the silicons created with proper receptors?

    Membrane potentials (literally voltages measurable from one side of a membrane to another) can tell you what is going on in a neuron. In fact there are so many electrical signals inside a brain that a simple device like an EEG can tell you quite a bit about what is going on.

  12. I imagine... by Chr0n0 · · Score: 3, Funny

    That this would give a new meaning to the term "Brainfreeze"

    =|

  13. A little FUD by FirienFirien · · Score: 2, Interesting

    While it's a long way off, there's possible problems with it just as there's problems with almost all tech these days. An example, Illyan from the Vorkosigan series:

    In the book Memory (by Lois McMaster Bujold) we see a man with an "eidetic memory chip" in his head. Technology is far along advanced that this effectively is a huge hard drive, giving this man perfect memory of everything for the 20 years or so that he's had it in. He's then hit by something which screws up the chip in his head; and since his brain has come to rely on it as memory storage, he starts getting scrambled memories, and acts as if they were real, losing touch with reality.

    I know it's a long way off and a bit extreme... but we can only hope that the early adopters will have some protection against failure and/or bugs and/or malice.

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  14. Think locally by QuaintRealist · · Score: 2, Insightful

    You're right in that this does not come close to having the number of neurons needed to help in disseminated diseases like Alzheimers. Where it might have promise sooner is in cases of severe locallized injury, such as spinal damage strokes from a small clot, or damaged nerves in an amputation/partial amputation type injury.

    We have yet to succeed except in a few lab experiments in regrowing neural tissue. Stem cells might help, but then again might not. Any means to reconnect damaged neurons could have profound impacts on the treatment of some types of injury. This is especially true since this particular method would avoid much of the moral/ethical wrangling involved in the use of stem cells.

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    1. Re:Think locally by marco.antonio.costa · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I think we're missing an important point here. The most important thing aren't the billions of neurons, but the trillions+ of synapses that connect them. Just grafting new neurons in place of 'burnt' ones would accomplish exactly WHAT?

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  15. Mandatory Post by Timberwolf0122 · · Score: 4, Funny

    Well I for one welcome our new cyborg overlords.

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  16. Would you do it? by Qbertino · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Fast-Forward into Cyberpunk. Not the friendly Gibson kind, but one with intrusive neural interfaces. People showing clear signs of severe mental deseases but reporting from of the Network that they feel superb and can sense when the stockmarket is about to shift. They are so powerfull they're not even interested in money anymore and experience enjoyments mere mortals can't even dream of. They can slow down time and play WoW 12 live. Their bodies are bloated, drooling, twitching pieces of flesh, with eyeballs turned inward, watched by carebots. It's the better option than just occasionly jacking in and experiencing severe borderline like disorders by trying to cope with the real world when not logged in. Normal programmers are extinct, because these humans interfaced with machines do the jobs to get free acccess everywhere and they do them 10.000 times better than anybody else.
    The question:
    Would you get yourself a neural jack and hook up?
    I wouldn't.

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    1. Re:Would you do it? by MichaelSmith · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Would you get yourself a neural jack and hook up?

      I would because it is the only realistic way that my mind can survive longer than my body. I don't think it has to be as bad as the picture you paint. Many people use limited neural implants now: cochlear implants. Even today we have people who spend too much time with technology at the expense of their health. Regardless of the type of interface in use I believe we will remain essentially the same.

  17. Great by ms1234 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Do we really want blond computers?

  18. Re:Not correct by rbarreira · · Score: 2, Funny

    Your lack of faith disturbs me.

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  19. Re:Not correct by hairykrishna · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Actually, I'm not sure you're exactly correct. Ever caught a ball somebody threw to you? That's some hardcore calculus right there. Just because you're not aware that your brain is crunching numbers doesn't mean that it isn't. In fact, at a basic level, I guess that imagination is just some rapid number crunching.

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    "Physics is to math as sex is to masturbation." -R. Feynman
  20. Large scale is easy by Opportunist · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I can, even without a computer, predict that the planets will still revolve around the sun in a few 1000 years, and you can rather easily calculate how much mass they should gain/lose by impact of meteors. It's a game of probability.

    On a smaller scale, you're far harder pressed. Weather is pretty well predictable on a large scale. It's still near impossible on small scales. How is the weather going to be in Hicksville in 15 days? It's near impossible to tell that, while it's easy to say that within the next $years years a huge $desaster is going to wash over $continent.

    Same with brains. Yes, you can tell that certain areas are responsible for certain activities. Yes, you can "stimulate" them to gain some effect. More or less reliably. It is MUCH harder to stimulate certain cells to get a very specific effect. That kind of research is still at the very beginning, and as much as I'd like to see computers controlled by brains, it's not going to happen soon.

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  21. Ten things to expect from Microsoft Brains by CFD339 · · Score: 5, Funny

    1.  It will only think Microsoft Thoughts.

    2.  It will only think one thought at a time, unless you buy MS Brain Enterprise Server

    3.  Sometimes, it will stop thinking.  The human will need to be killed and brought back with the paddles.  This will be considered normal.

    4.  Windows software will suddenly make sense.

    5.  All your thoughts will be covered under DRM.  You can share thoughts with up to three other people, but only if you are in a connected wireless area and your thoughts can register their new owners.

    6.  You may live longer, but large parts of your life will be spent watching a blue bar slowly crawl across your field of vision.

    7.  All sex will be done by oblique references.  Nudity will not exist in any form other than pixilated and blurred images.

    8.  There will be Open Source brains -- called "Open Minds" but the people who choose them will be considered insane and untrusted by the rest of the MS Brain using world.  These people will be locked away in insane asylums.

    9.  There will be Apple OS-X brains.  The people who choose this will be seen as misguided flower children, wandering in airports with be smiles and preaching their message of peace and good music.  They will be largely ignored.

    10. There will be <>(@!*@($&&) *  [[<< 0x000000BE or ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY >>]]

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  22. Re:Not correct by sholden · · Score: 2, Informative

    I really doubt it.

    Children learn to catch a ball through trial and error, over time they notice what they need to do to succeed. It's not calculus, it's just that experience allows them to predict where the ball will end up. They aren't doing calculations they have just seen enough balls thrown to be able to make a prediction because they have seen how a ball travels when thrown. Just like children learn that screaming gets the TV to display their favourite show, and that flipping the light switch makes the lights turn on and off - they don't know the mechanism they've just done it enough to be able to make a prediction based on past behaviours.

  23. For a more on the subject by SwansonMarpalum · · Score: 3, Interesting

    For a more thorough treatment on the subject, check out ISBN 0-553-38343-4

    --
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  24. Re:Better than DRM? by jonbritton · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Lynch mobs? WTF are you smoking?

    20 years ago the RIAA coerced the government into taxing blank tapes, because that was the most sophisticated copy protection they had at their disposal. No one rioted. There were no "lynchings" to speak of. People bent over and took it. Some even said it was fair (not me.)

    2X years later, more sophisticated tech in "experiencing" music leads to a higher bar of tolerance by the average person in accepting these copy-protection methods. DRM gets implemented, most people bend over and take it. Some even say it is fair (not me.)

    You're suffering from a misguided delusion that people in the REAGAN ERA were somehow less docile than people today. I'm guessing that 20 years ago, you were in diapers.

    It helps no one to argue that we need to revert back to a time that never existed.