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The Molecular Secrets of Cream Cheese

Roland Piquepaille writes "The June issue of Wired Magazine carries a story about one of the two university labs in the U.S. dedicated to cream cheese research. This one is -- where else? -- in Madison, Wisconsin, where researchers are exploring the molecular mysteries of cream cheese. You may not know, but this cheese is tricky to produce because the acid-secreting bacteria used to coagulate the milk need to be killed at the right time. The researchers are now writing a guidebook about the secrets of cream cheese, a book which will be available to anyone, in a process similar to the open source movement for software. For more information, please read the entertaining article of Wired magazine, 'Schmear Campaign' or this summary to discover little-known facts about cream cheese."

24 of 211 comments (clear)

  1. Wonderful by kimvette · · Score: 3, Funny

    "The work is funded by federal grants," (snip other sources of funding, yes I know it's not ALL tax funded)

    I am so glad that tax dollars extorted from me are being spent on such important projects. Thanks Uncle Sam!

    --
    The Christian Right is Neither (Christian nor right). See: Matthew 23, Matthew 25, Ezekiel 16:48-50
    1. Re:Wonderful by thc69 · · Score: 5, Funny

      Perhaps they will investigate the phenomena whereby cream cheese is the exact opposite of expresso. I once tried an expresso, about ten years ago, at Barnes & Noble. Immediately, I set out on a mission to locate some cream cheese. Tragically, I went cream-cheese-less...but I really could have eaten a whole package of it, and it would have made my mouth feel much better.

      --
      Procrastination -- because good things come to those who wait.
    2. Re:Wonderful by kfg · · Score: 5, Funny

      Obviously they either need to cut funding for this project, or balance it by adding funding for a project to investigate the molecular secrets of lox.

      We cannot have a cream cheese/lox molecular secrets gap at taxpayer expense.

      KFG

    3. Re:Wonderful by MustardMan · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Yeah, because, you know, no one ever discovered anything truly revolutionary to the scientific world while working on "mundane" things.

      What sets us apart from the apes is our drive to seek knowledge purely for the sake of knowing it. What sets the US apart from many other nations is our willingness to fund science in all its forms, whether or not a given research projects produces something whose value can be measured in dollars and cents.

    4. Re:Wonderful by pHatidic · · Score: 4, Funny

      Surely the government would not fund such a caper.

    5. Re:Wonderful by NMerriam · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I am so glad that tax dollars extorted from me are being spent on such important projects. Thanks Uncle Sam!

      Yeah, WTF? When has learning anything about organic chemistry prove useful?

      --
      Recursive: Adj. See Recursive.
    6. Re:Wonderful by talkingpaperclip · · Score: 3, Funny

      "Yeah, WTF? When has learning anything about organic chemistry prove useful?"

      Other than the typo, that's exactly what I said to my parents after I failed Organic Chemistry last semester.

  2. Strangely, by venicebeach · · Score: 4, Funny

    Strangely, there are not many academical papers about cream cheese.

    Yeah. Truly bizarre.

  3. Nondairy cheeses a bigger challenge by mcostas · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The real need for research remains nondairy cheese. While there are now excellent vegan alternatives for most everything, milk, ice cream, hot dogs, etc., cheese is really tough to get right. Even most soy cheeses contain casein, a milk protein. Tofutti does make an amazing nondairy cream cheese, but solid, meltable nondairy cheese remains very elusive.

  4. Re:Science gone amuck again by czarangelus · · Score: 3, Informative

    You're making the assumption that wages have kept pace with inflation. They haven't.

    --
    When a true genius appears, you can know him by this sign: that all the dunces are in a confederacy against him.
  5. Re:Science gone amuck again by Tx · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Our lifespans are longer than they have ever been in the first world, thanks largely to modern science-based medicine. For most of those "thousands of years" you talk about, people had lifespans of around thirty years. So I think you should show some respect for science, there is no reason to think science can't improve on food, indeed there's every reason to believe it can. And there's definitely no reason to thing that the status quo of the last few millenia is so good that it shouldn't be changed.

    --
    Oh no... it's the future.
  6. Open Source Cream Cheese, yeah Cheese is the word. by layer3switch · · Score: 4, Funny

    We have Open Source Cream Cheese now? Oh sweet lord of mercy! All we need is Open Source Bagel and Open Source Toaster. Oh wait, we already have NetBSD.

    --
    "Don't let fools fool you. They are the clever ones."
  7. Re:Science gone amuck again by Waffle+Iron · · Score: 4, Insightful
    20 years ago everything was organic

    Not even close. The use of synthetic pesticides disqualifies an item from being organic. Some of the pesticides that they were spraying on your food 20 years ago are now banned because they were found to be unsafe.

    They'll probably end up banning some of the current genetic modifications if and when they find problems with it, but that doesn't mean that 20th century agriculture was especially safe. (And prior to the 20th century, there were major health risks in the food supply from natural causes like bacterial contamination. There has never been a safe food utopia.)

  8. Make your own mascarpone! by Consul · · Score: 3, Informative

    I think mascarpone is better tasting cheese than basic cream cheese. Here's how you make your own.

    Heat one quart of light cream (I mix two cups of whipping cream with two cups of whole milk) in a double-boiler to 180 degrees F. After five minutes, pour in two tablespoons of freshly-squeezed lemon juice. Lit it sit at 180F for 30 minutes. Take off the heat, and let it cool, covered, in the refrigerator overnight.

    The next day, arrange a sterilized (by boiling) teatowel over another container, and pour the curds and whey into it. Tie up the towel, and suspend it using a skewer over a tall container, like a pitcher. Let it sit in the fridge for 24 hours, dripping away.

    The next day, the teatowel will contain yummy mascarpone cheese! Use within about a week to ten days of making it.

    I've done this several of times, with excellent results.

    --

    -----

    "You spilled my egg... I needed that egg."

    1. Re:Make your own mascarpone! by mrjb · · Score: 3, Informative

      I'm sorry to inform you that you were misinformed. The recipe he submitted is in fact for mascarpone.

      Ricotta is italian for "recooked". Ricotta cheese is made by recooking the leftover whey of a previous batch of cheese, helping the remaining milk protein in there to clog together. This recooking, as you may notice, does not happen in the submitted recipe.

      This is one of the wonderful things about cheese: although the ingredients and basic procedure are mostly the same, variations in the preparation method lead to dramatically different cheeses.

      --
      Visit http://ringbreak.dnd.utwente.nl/~mrjb/growingbettersoftware to download your free copy of the book
  9. As a former Wisconsonite... by daeg · · Score: 5, Interesting

    As a former resident of Wisconsin, cheese is big business. Huge, in fact. Government grants for cheese and other dairy research are nothing new to the University of Wisconsin. Sure, it might appear like a drain on money, but by doing the research in a public setting it benefits all dairy producers whereas private research only benefits the company or co-op sponsoring it. To justify it all you have to do is imagine the tax benefits of even a few percentage points of additional dairy production.

    Besides, I back all agricultural research. Food will become the next major world commodity (aside from fuel). It's easy to make potable water, but trying to compensate year after year of lackluster arable ground is foolish. The United States is one, if not the, top contender for arable land and our rank will only increase as the floodplains of the Asian countries are flooded with ocean water with rising sea levels. Seven billion people have to eat somehow.

  10. Re:Science gone amuck again by vijayiyer · · Score: 3, Funny

    Do you wish that Louis Pasteur didn't invent the pasteurization process too? Or are only current scientific advancements "mucking up" our food sources?

  11. Madison Wisconsin by ptelligence · · Score: 4, Funny
    This one is -- where else? -- in Madison, Wisconsin

    and the other one is in -- let me guess -- Philadelphia?

  12. mmm by cptgrudge · · Score: 5, Funny
    It's not easy to extract a large plastic syringe that's submerged in a tub of very firm cream cheese, but Mercedes Brighenti performs the task with elegance and precision. The sleeves of her white lab coat are rolled up, her long dark hair is pulled back, and her silver watch is pushed up on her slender arm. Still, the final tug flings little globs of cheese around the university lab - one of only two in the US with a cream cheese research program.

    I'm think I'm in love.

    --
    Qualitas edurus commercium, nullus penitus net rimor, nullus deus beneficium
  13. Laugh all you want by Deagol · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Our second cow is a few days away from having her calf ("freshening" as it's known to dairy folks). My wife's the primary cheese maker of the house, and one of her greatest challenges has been perfecting cream cheese. We've got most of the other basic cheeses down: mozzarella, cheddar, parmesean, feta, jack, and a couple others. But cream cheese has been a constant challenge, and it's a constant frustration since we *love* cheesecake.

    mmmmmm... cheesecake

  14. I grew up near Kraft... by ruiner13 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I am from Glenview, Illinois, where Kraft has their HQ. They have a nice R&D plant right in the middle of town, and one time, when I was growing up (I was maybe 11 or 12), my friends and I took a little hike through the wooded area behind it. There was a large storm drain coming out of the plant that led into the North Branch of the Chicago River. What startled my friends and me was the presence of a few guys in biohazard suits scribbing the walls of it off with a high-pressure hose of some kind. Whatever the secret ingredient is for their cream cheese, I hope it doesn't produce whatever they were scrubbing down!

    --

    today is spelling optional day.

  15. Old Fashion Organic Cream Cheese by FosterSJC · · Score: 5, Informative
    Carlton Yoder, of Champlain Valley Creamery, makes one of America's only stabilizer- and gum-free cream cheeses. You can learn about his products and creamery from his website at http://www.cvcream.com/, and buy the cream cheese here. He is a very enthusiastic proponent of sustainable agriculture, in Vermont.

    The texture of Old Fashion Organic Cream Cheese is similar to fresh goat cheese, but with more creaminess and without that distinct goats milk flavor. Because we dont stabilize the cheese with any sort of gums (carob bean, xanthan, etc), the cheese may separate. The liquid is simply whey, just stir it up and enjoy! The cheese is best in the first week after its made, but it will last 4 weeks in your fridge.


    On the subject of cheese, the distinctions between things like soured, curdled milk, sour cream, cream cheese, mascarpone, and full-fledged cheese are myriad and arcane. I wrote a quick blurb for a friend, explaining what cheese exactly is. I have attached it below, for your perusal. IAACE (I am a cheese expert)...

    Cheese is a rather general term describing curdled milk (or cream). To curdle milk means to separate the whey from the curds. Milk proteins (casein) are ostensibly broken in half. One half precipitates out of the milk, becoming a solid (the curds). The other half remains liquid (the whey), though it ceases to be white. The distinction between true cheese and things like cream cheese, sour cream, mascarpone, creme fraiche, etc. is the way in which the milk is curdled.

    Milk can be curdled either by acid and/or by rennet. To be considered a true cheese (e.g. cheddar, swiss, brie, et. al.), acid AND rennet coagulation (i.e. curdling) is required. First, a culture is added to the milk (or is already present in the milk in the case of some raw milk cheeses). This culture "ferments" the milk, slowly lowering the pH (raising the acidity) of the milk.
    Then, rennet is added - this is an enzyme derived from the fourth stomach chamber of an unweaned ruminant animal (e.g. a calf, kid, or lamb). This enzyme literally breaks apart the proteins in the milk, an action facilitated by the presence of acid (and heat), and separates the milk into curds and whey. The whey is poured off (either to make ricotta, or to feed to hogs). The curds are then cut, releasing more whey, drained, and molded (this is a gross simplification - most of the textural variations in cheese stem from this process). At this point, the curds have become cheese.

    False cheeses like creme fraiche, mascarpone, sour cream, etc. are curdled very lightly and without the use of rennet. The acid required can be produced by natural or added bacteria, vinegar, lemon juice, etc. The variations in the acid-curdled "cheeses" come from the extent of acidification, coagulation, variations in fat content, types of cultures, etc. For example, creme fraiche is cream (thus, high in fat) that is lightly coagulated (lower acidity). Sour cream is cream that is more heavily coagulated. This slight difference in acidity and cultures will cause sour cream to fully curdle (i.e. turn chunky) when boiled, whereas creme fraiche will not.

    The diversity and complexity of cheesemaking processes is overwhelming. I hope this helps to illustrate (if not simplify) the breadth of the cheese world.
  16. Re:Science gone amuck again by PhoenixK7 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The world has done very well without scientists mucking up our food sources. How many thousands of years have people lived off what the earth grows?

    Really you couldn't be more wrong. They may not have called themselves scientists, but farmers have been selecting crop products basesd on traits for millenia. Do you know what we call corn now looked like before domestication? It's thought to have been derived from teosinte. We've been engineering foods for thousdands and thousands of years. You find one kernel on the plant, grow a few, look for the ones with 2 kernels, and so on. Hell, breadfruit which is found throughout polynesia and micronesia used to reproduce sexually. The current plants are now pretty much all derived from parts of a few original plants and they now rarely, if ever, produce any seeds. To imply that genetic engineering is new is pure and utter garbage. We're simply doing it in a more directed manner now with better tools. Will there be unseen health effects? Sure! In fact, I wouldn't be surprised if there are recalls on crops down the line. Is what we're doing now any less natural, I don't think so.

  17. Great cheese page by mrjb · · Score: 3, Informative

    This is by far the best cheese making page I've ever come across on the net.

    --
    Visit http://ringbreak.dnd.utwente.nl/~mrjb/growingbettersoftware to download your free copy of the book