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Tainted "Piracy" Statistics

newtley writes, "The music, movie, and software cartels claim 'piracy' is a Number One problem not only for themselves, but for the world as a whole and so successful are their continuing dis- and misinformation propaganda campaigns that they've been able to dragoon entire governments and police forces into acting as industry enforcers. But, says p2pnet, far from being at the top of the pile, movie and music piracy rank 16th and 20th, respectively, on a global index of illicit markets. (Software piracy ranks 7th.) And even those positions are subject to considerable doubt."

26 of 401 comments (clear)

  1. Sounds like a great waste of time all around by dada21 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    That list gives me even more reason to believe that society and the States that surround us are both inept. Look at the rundown of the top 10 items and the reasons why the item is "contraband."

    1. Marijuana -- The State says what you can put into your body (doing no crime to no one else), probably funded by the big medical business

    2. Counterfeit Technology Products -- This is why you shop at stores that guarantee their products with a refund. If there was no law against counterfeit goods, I'd let the retailer find out what is best for me. In some cases, something counterfeit might be of the same quality as the "official and legal" version. Look at Fendi handbags and their knock-offs

    3. Cocaine -- See #1. No crime committed against anyone else. Now if you kill someone (when on drugs or off), I can agree that a crime is committed, but the intoxicant shouldn't matter. Sometimes that intoxicant is adrenaline.

    4. Opion/Heroin -- See #1 (doing crime to no one else).

    5. Pirated Web Videos. Supply and demand here. The supply of digitally transmitted products is nearly infinite, therefore the price falls to the floor. Then again, I am I am against copyright.

    6. Counterfeit Pharmaceutical -- Here's another place that the retail and distributor can excel at. Don't trust your distributor? Shop at one that's insured and bonded against dispensing dangerous drugs, or knock-off ones.

    7. Pirated Software. See #5 (supply and demand).

    8. Human Trafficking. Here's a place I can understand goverment being involved in, but it is also one they're doing a terrible job in fighting. The worst concern is my thought that a lot of States might even be involved in this problem. I know the U.S. government trafficks in human lives and bodies. See Guantanemo Bay.

    9. Amphetamines/Meth -- See #1 (doing crime to no one else).

    10. Animals and Wildlife Smuggling. Here's a problem better solved through groups like PERC. If you care about rare animals, spend YOUR money to make wildlife habitats to keep them out of the open arms of the State that is part of the problem with extinction.

    11. Ecstasy -- See #1 (doing crime to no one else).

    12. Counterfeit Auto Parts -- See #2 (shop at trustworthy retailers if you're concerned).

    13. Trash Smuggling. A friend of mine is a famous pastor in Uganda. I told him we should go into business to take trash from the U.S. on boats to Uganda and let people find value in the trash. He loved the idea. He deals with the absolute poorest people in Africa every day (I'm going there again in December) and he loves the thought that one man's trash is another man's treasure. They'd probably find millions of dollars worth of treasure in our trash.

    14. Human Smuggling -- See #8 (State's failure).

    15. Art and Antique Smuggling. I insure against theft, so should you. The State is worthless here.

    16. Pirated Movies -- See #5 (supply and demand).

    17. Smuggled Cigarettes -- Thank the market for cheaper tax free smokes. I noticed they were $7 a pack in Chicago a few weeks ago. Tax free they're about 70 cents. The State created this problem.

    18. Gas and Oil Smuggling. See #17 on the State destroying the market of goods through taxation/theft.

    19. Pirated Music -- See #5 (supply and demand).

    20. Illegal Fishing -- See #10 (privately funded habitats).

    22. Pirated Mobile Phone Entertainment -- See #5 (supply and demand).

    23. Pirated Video Games -- See #5 (supply and demand).

    24. Counterfeit Cigarettes -- See #17 (market provisions) and #2 (shop at trustworthy retailers if you're concerned).

    25. Small Arms Trafficking -- See the second amendment.

    27. Counterfeit Shoes -- See #2 (shop at trustworthy retailers if you're concerned).

    28. Pirated Books -- See #5 (supply and demand).

    29. Counterfeit Sports Memorabilia -- See #5 (supply and demand) and #2 (shop

    1. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by gt_mattex · · Score: 4, Insightful

      19. Pirated Music -- See #5 (supply and demand).


      20. Illegal Fishing -- See #10 (privately funded habitats).

      I think that says it all. Pirated music is just a slightly bigger problem than illegal fishing.

      --
      "No doubt one may quote history to support any cause, as the devil quotes scripture." - Learned Hand
    2. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by Joebert · · Score: 5, Funny
      13. Trash Smuggling

      Somehow I figured raccoons were a bigger nuisance.
      --
      Wanna fight ? Bend over, stick your head up your ass, and fight for air.
    3. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by Dr.+Eggman · · Score: 4, Informative

      If my historical degree from the History channel means anything, those drugs (1,3,4,9,11) became illegal well before the Big Pharma of today. The 'channel also had an interesting contention that the pressure to make them illegal was born out a combination of racism, prohibition movements, and misinformation. Today, well maybe its Big Pharma keeping it going, but personally I think its politicians looking for an easy issue to agree with voters. Mind you, I mean both Liberals and Conservatives; I'll not have my opinion dumped on one group and not the other.

      That said, the constitution is an evolving document, subject to the collective will of the people, for better or worse, yadda yadda yadda.

      --
      Demented But Determined.
    4. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by Heir+Of+The+Mess · · Score: 4, Informative

      As much as I hate to step on the toes on someone advocating civil liberties there is a thing I would like to argue with you about.

      You seem to be saying that all drugs are harmless. Tell this to any father whose daughter has been introduced to drugs like Cocaine at a party, gotten addicted, travelled down the path to where she has to do unspeakable things for money to buy more, and then eventually died from an overdose or suicide. I think you'll have an argument on your hands. I've seen this happen. It's horrid. You can't group all drugs in the same backet. Drug pushers destroy lives for their own profit, and they have some pretty devastating, instantly addictable weapons in their arsenal that they use to draw young people, particulary girls, into their net.

      I guess you could say that people should be allow to make the choice about whether to be enslaved by drugs, but often young people don't understand the nature of the enslavement until it's too late. Experience is often something you get after you needed it.

      --
      Australian running a company that does C# / C++ / Java / SQL / Python / Mathematica
    5. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by Heir+Of+The+Mess · · Score: 3, Insightful
      You seem to be saying that all drugs are harmless. Tell this to any father whose daughter has been introduced to drugs like Cocaine at a party, gotten addicted, travelled down the path to where she has to do unspeakable things for money to buy more, and then eventually died from an overdose or suicide. I think you'll have an argument on your hands. I've seen this happen. It's horrid. You can't group all drugs in the same backet. Drug pushers destroy lives for their own profit, and they have some pretty devastating, instantly addictable weapons in their arsenal that they use to draw young people, particulary girls, into their net.

      I forgot to add the topic-relevent bit.

      Calling music piracy a major problem when society is full of stuff like quoted above is laughable.

      --
      Australian running a company that does C# / C++ / Java / SQL / Python / Mathematica
    6. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by Cadallin · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Meth is only a problem because safer things are illegal and harder to get. Cocaine/LSD/Psilocybin (The list is due to the many effects of ampetamines which range from straight stimulant to psychodelic)are adequate replacements that are perfectly safe assuming a safe supply (that is, created in an actual chemical lab/plant, not a toilet bowl, as meth often is). Heroin is only dangerous to use because it is cut with quinine, which causes death by pulmonary effusion in overdose, and because needle sharing spreads HIV, another phenomena that wouldn't occur with legal availability.. And has anybody EVER adequately justified why marijuana use should be illegal? Because people get high and drive? I'll acknowledge that its dangerous and a bad idea to do so, but alcohol is a much worse problem, and Driving under the Influence of any pyschoative drug known to cause accidents should be illegal. Prohibition does not work! Drug Addiction (which is different from drug use) is a Medical problem, and should be treated as such!

    7. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by JoGlo · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Free market anarchy is fine, and i do tend to agree with a lot of what you say, but i have a couple of worries.

      1 - The Second Amendment is a national legal instrument that plays no part in life outside of your borders. Many countries, for their own 9often valid) reasons, have chosen to either regulate or ban firearms, and your Second Amendment has nothing to do with their approach on the law. For those countries, firearm trafficking is a big problem - even if it isn't for you.

      2 - The abrogation of all copyright laws is well and good for users of the intellectual property who believe that it's a good idea not to pay for anything that they can get away with. Just a few problems with that approach:

      2.1 - The smaller the (paying) market, the larger the payment necessary to recompense for the cost of development, whether it's software, music, video or any other work of intennectual endeavour. Now, I know that many develop for the love of it, but for many others, this is their work, and the source of their livelihood. Will you, for the free property, pay to fead, heat and clothe the people who will from now on provide your entertainment but who now have no income? Get another job, you say! OK, so who now is making your software, your videos, your music? Because in the end, it's about money, and it has to be sourced from somewhere.

      2.2 - It's all about free choice. You (and I) are free to pay or not to pay for someone else's intellectual capital, and if that someone else is willing to give it away for free, then well done, that fellow, thanks a lot, and all that. But if someone says "No, I want to sell this instead of give it away", then that is his or her right to do so, and taking it without payment is no less theft than stealing someone's car, or burgling someone's house. You may not like it, but the first time you have a home that you own taken over by squatters, you'll see the other side of this particular problem. In the mean time, believe me when I say that copyright, however poorly it currently serves us, is better than the alternative.

      Cigarettes? Don't care!

      Alcohol? Don't care

      Fish poaching? DO care. The Japanese have just been caught out overfishing Blue Fin Tuna for the past 20 years or so, to the tune of many billions of dollars of this limited food stock. It's taken this long for the world to catch up with them, and they've just about fished out Blue Fin Tuna now. They are trying to do the same to the Whales, in the name of "scientific research", and if a large number of national governments can't satop them, what chance do you think that Green Peace or their ilk has?

      --
      Will those of you who think that you know what you are doing, get out of the way of those of us who know what we are doi
    8. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by zcat_NZ · · Score: 4, Funny

      Pirated Music ranks about three items below Trash Smuggling?

      Funny, I thought they were one and the same thing.

      --
      455fe10422ca29c4933f95052b792ab2
    9. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      It's not that drugs don't have inherent risks, it's more that criminalizing them does nothing to prevent addiction. When drugs were first criminalized, it was because a whopping 7% of the population was estimated to be addicted to drugs. Now, close to a hundred years later, after many billions of dollars have been spent, and organized crime (gangs, mafia, etc) have been given control over these insanely profitable items leading to gang violence, filling and overfilling our prisons, underprivileged sectors of society have been demonized, etc etc etc... we have finally brought our national drug addiction rate down to... 7% of the population. That's why the drug war is not morally justified... if the resources funneled into fighting drugs with the police force had been channeled into public education, treatment and rehabilitation, and most of all improving the quality of life of citizens at risk for developing addictions (Read about rat park) there might have been a significant decrease in addiction rates, but the current policing model does NOTHING to prevent addiction.

    10. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by wall0159 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Wow. That is, at the same time, both ignorant and stupid. Well done!

      1. You implicitly assume that addiction is related to genetics, and therefore by letting addicts die you are improving the gene-pool. Please provide some evidence of this.

      2. You confuse stupidity with ignorance

      3. You ignore a plethora of social factors involved in drug use

      4. You ignore the negative effects that drug users have on society

      5. You ignore the negative effects that the drug barons have on society (organised crime of other kinds).

      The idea that 'people should be allowed to do what they want with their own body' is wrong. It's wrong because it's based on the premise that we don't owe anything to society. No matter how independant you might think you are, you still owe a huge debt to society, and its ancestry. Just going with the flow isn't good enough, and we have a responsibility to each other to ensure that people pull their weight.

      That's one reason why I think 'libertarians' are wrong - they think all this is optional.

    11. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by Sloppy · · Score: 3, Insightful
      You shouldn't be asking "why is dope illegal". You should be asking "why isn't 60 minutes of cardio 4 times per week mandatory".
      It shouldn't be mandatory, because..
      When you do anything that harms yourself, you are, in effect, stealing from the State.
      ..not accruing tax isn't theft. Nobody owes jack shit to the state. It exists for our sake, not the other way around.
      --
      As copyright owner of this comment, I authorize everyone to defeat any technological measure which limits access to it.
    12. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by Dun+Malg · · Score: 3, Insightful
      You are right. However, if you do something to harm yourself, then at some point, the State has to care for you. Are you on welfare because of your cocaine habit? Then you are stealing. Are you in the hospital because you had an opium overdose? Then you are stealing. Did you get into a car accident because you were reaching for some fries? Then you are stealing. Did you go to prison because you shot someone in a drug-deal-gone-bad? Then you are stealing? There are many social and private services supporting our way of life. We have to work to pay for those services. When I work and pay tax to support your final months of lung cancer, then you have taken something from me.
      That's a pretty ridiculous stretch of the concept of "theft". By your own lame definition, senior citizens who were too dumb to save for their retirement because they didn't realize that the intended purpose of Social Security was to help those who'd lost their retirement savings due to financial disaster (Great Depression, Enron, S&L failure, etc), well, they're just as guilty of "stealing" as the junkie who gets a ride to the county hospital when he OD's. Calling it "stealing" is a laughably amateurish way of trying to absolve our government (and by extension, us) of our ignorance of the Laws of Unintended Consequences. If you want cokeheads out of the welfare rolls, well then get the eligibility rules changed. Quit vilifying the little guy for legitimately standing on the sidewalk with a basket when politicians are stupid enough (or smart enough!) to stand on the rooftops pouring down buckets of money. You need to stop masturbating over idiotic misapplications of the term "stealing" and accept that the real villain here is a giant monolithic government that has convinced people that it should take care of all our problems (in exchange for a little more taxation).
      --
      If a job's not worth doing, it's not worth doing right.
    13. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by MrHanky · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Then again, overfishing is one of the biggest environmental and political problems we have on this planet. There just isn't any effective legislation for international waters and disputed areas on the borders. Maybe music piracy is a bigger "economic problem" than illegal fishing, but that's just because the cost of music files and CDs are grossly inflated. When it comes to fish, the resources are limited and shrinking, but there seems no lack of kids growing up wanting to be pop stars because of music piracy.

    14. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by arevos · · Score: 3, Insightful
      5. You ignore the negative effects that the drug barons have on society (organised crime of other kinds).

      Wait, surely this is an argument for legalising drugs? Criminals can profit from drug trafficking because its illicit nature allows them to have extremely high margins with none of the governmental oversight usually associated with the pharmaceutical business. If one could buy heroin or cocaine from the local chemist, organised crime gangs would be quickly priced out of the market by large pharma corporations. Doubtless there'd still be some money to be made from tax-dodging, but this would be a fraction of the market.

      So the question is whether you believe that the disadvantages of legalising drug use outweighs the advantages of significantly reducing the profits of organised crime.

      The idea that 'people should be allowed to do what they want with their own body' is wrong. It's wrong because it's based on the premise that we don't owe anything to society. No matter how independant you might think you are, you still owe a huge debt to society, and its ancestry.

      By that argument, suicide should be made illegal, since you're depriving society of your future contributions. Besides, paying back debts to society is exactly what taxes are for. If drug use increases our debt, then we should pay increased taxes; the high tax on cigarettes and alcohol is an obvious precedent.

      Arguing that we shouldn't be able to do what we want with our own bodies, implies that our bodies are not entirely our property. I'm not sure I particularly like the idea of this.

    15. Re:Sounds like a great waste of time all around by joshetc · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Its horrid to punish someone for something they didn't do though. If I smoke myself into an oblivion then beat my wife, sure I should be punished. If I turn my baby into a crackhead to help it sleep at night, I should be punished. If I'm getting doped up all the time to the point that I can't support my family my children should be taken away by reason of neglect and I should be punished. If I like to smoke pot after work to calm myself down while I watch TV and munch on a bag of chips the government should fuck off.

  2. Yep: Somewhat Biased by Gracenotes · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Did anyone notice that Pirated Web Videos is #5? Web videos include stolen background music, and stolen movies and TV content. I don't see where the line is between Web Videos and other pirated content, and whether certain money counts towards two issues at the same time.

    And organizing Illicit Markets by value is a bit tainted: money is not always correlated with prevalence. Just look at small groups of CEOs earning millions of dollars: overall, they're asmall minority.

  3. It Is Still Wrong by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    No matter what the arguments are from either side, the bottom line is that piracy of copyrighted works is still wrong and shameful.

    The fact is pirates are enjoying the fruits of someone else's labor without compensating them for the price they are charging. There is no way that the piracy apologists can get around it, so they resort so stuff like this, and downplay any statistics they don't like.

    Wrong is wrong, even if this doesn't rank on the top of the list of evils in the world. Stop trying to justify this illegal activity.

    1. Re:It Is Still Wrong by HappySqurriel · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The fact is pirates are enjoying the fruits of someone else's labor without compensating them for the price they are charging. There is no way that the piracy apologists can get around it, so they resort so stuff like this, and downplay any statistics they don't like.

      Well, I have already paid for the music I put on my CDs or iPod because the Recording industry forced a tax on these devices (it works out to be a couple of dollars per iPod and cents per cd); according to my legal system it is absolutely legal for me to download any music because I already paid for it through this tax.

    2. Re:It Is Still Wrong by Artifakt · · Score: 4, Insightful

      No matter what the arguments are from either side, the bottom line is that lieing about the damages actually suffered is still wrong and shameful.

      The fact is media producers are vastly overstating the damage they suffer, in an effort to steal limited police services from other, more deserving crime victims. There is no way that the Media apologists can get around it, so they resort so stuff like this, and downplay any statistics they don't like.

      Wrong is wrong, even if this doesn't rank on the top of the list of evils in the world. Stop trying to justify this fraudulently illegal activity.

      --
      Who is John Cabal?
  4. Completely unsurprising by swillden · · Score: 4, Interesting

    What a lot of people don't seem to realize is that the media industry is small potatoes. Seriously, look up some hard numbers aggregating the worldwide revenues and profits from music, movies, TV and video games and then compare them to the numbers from other industries. I did this a while back and found that any two of the biggest IT handful of IT companies exceeded the *entire* media industry. And IT is itself small potatoes compared to manufacturing, distribution, energy, agriculture etc. Any one of the major players in those real industries, the ones that actually make stuff, absolutely dwarfs the entire worldwide entertainment and media industry. Consider the fact that most of the music industry's US revenue is channeled through Wal-mart, and then consider what a tiny part of Wal-mart's business music is.

    Even if media piracy were absolutely massive, the net effect on the US and world economies would be almost negligible. Piracy can't be a major problem because media isn't major.

    But even though media is small potatoes financially, what they have is a direct line to the masses. Because communication is what they do, they have influence, and therefore power, that is orders of magnitude greater than their real economic importance.

    --
    Note to ACs: I usually delete AC replies without reading them. If you want to talk to me, log in.
    1. Re:Completely unsurprising by dwandy · · Score: 5, Insightful
      What a lot of people don't seem to realize is that the media industry is small potatoes.
      Until you look at the number that's important: gross profit available to purchase politicians. While the sales in these other sectors is far larger than media, the dispensible income (and concentration thereof) is no where near.

      Intellectual monopoly laws create an enviornment of unprecendented disposable profit.
      Couple that with a political system that demands bribery as a requirement to win and we have laws that are disproportionately strong for the industries' true importance in the economy.

      --
      If you think imaginary property and real property are the same, when does your house become public domain?
    2. Re:Completely unsurprising by swillden · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Until you look at the number that's important: gross profit available to purchase politicians. While the sales in these other sectors is far larger than media, the dispensible income (and concentration thereof) is no where near.

      Actually, profits in those other sectors *also* dwarf the profits in the entertainment industry. And, by and large, the political contributions are on a similar scale. The charity that manufacturing and agriculture extract from the federal government, for example, is mind-boggling. No, the only difference is that the media industry is more visible, both when they want to be and when they don't want to be.

      Even in the political donations arena they're small potatoes financially, but wield inordinate influence.

      --
      Note to ACs: I usually delete AC replies without reading them. If you want to talk to me, log in.
  5. Counting oranges alongside apples? by cralewyth · · Score: 5, Insightful

    On the havocscope illicit markets list, Drug markets are measured alongside counterfeit products and pirated products.

    The problem comes when figures for pirated & counterfeit products are from those industries, quotes of how much is lost... Now, somehow I doubt that the illicit marijuana industry value is based on how much that industry has lost. Considering that it is illegal in most countries.

    So here we have two sets of figures - one which is basically "estimated loss on profit, based from industry" and the other is "estimated products sold".

    Does anyone else see why this list isn't conclusive?

    --
    "Women are just like ninjas; They lie even when it is more convenient to tell the truth." ~ Unknown
  6. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals are a problem. by xplenumx · · Score: 4, Insightful
    6. Counterfeit Pharmaceutical -- Here's another place that the retail and distributor can excel at. Don't trust your distributor? Shop at one that's insured and bonded against dispensing dangerous drugs, or knock-off ones.

    I don't believe you truly understand the problems that counterfeit pharmaceuticals are causing - this goes far beyond some crook cheating a patient or someone sticking it to the 'rich pharmaceutical companies', but is a problem that creates disease pandemics and kills thousands.

    To give you one example, counterfeit antimalarial drugs are a huge problem at the moment and are threatening the lives of hundreds of thousands in Southeast Asia and Africa. Often times the pharmacies themselves aren't aware that they're selling counterfeits - in fact the proliferation of counterfeits is so bad in some areas that a large pharmacy unknowingly sold 100,000 counterfeit antimalarials and in a separate incident the entire stock of one Burmese hospital was found to be counterfeit. Simply shopping at a distributor that's "insured and bonded against dispensing dangerous drugs, or knock-off ones" doesn't appear to be a realistic solution.

    Simply testing whether the drug is a counterfeit is not necessarily a trustworthy precaution either. Due to the proliferation of counterfeit antimalarials, testing procedures were put into place. The counterfeiters got smart however, so they started to include low levels of the real drug in with their fakes. Now not only do we have drugs on the market that test as 'real' but don't provide enough of a dose to effectively treat patients, but these low levels of drug are rapidly creating drug-resistant malaria strains. Unless we're somehow able to stop this black market industry, soon we won't have any drugs left to treat malaria. How is this not murder of innocents for profit?

    While you may think that stopping counterfeit pharmaceuticals is 'ridiculous' and that it's a 'non-violent', 'non-crime', I most certainly do not. It is ridiculous to think that the various States of the world are fighting these issues, most of them are non-crimes and in most cases not even violent crimes.

  7. Law enforcement dollars by RareButSeriousSideEf · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Dear governments of the world: We're concerned & we want to help you make the most out of your law enforcement dollar. We think we can help. Out of a list of 29 items, we the sane people of the planet will permit you to ignore the vast majority of these for the next few years -- 22 of them, in fact.

    Furthermore, even though we're eliminating over 75% of the crimes on your action-item list, we are a generous bunch, so we'll only eliminate 50% of your budget. Given your newfound surplus (once you adjust, of course), we'd like you to apply the best possible strategy -- along with all of your remaining resources -- to making noteworthy progress against 7 high-priority items that actually impact citizens' lives on a day-to-day basis, in the order that they're listed below.

    You'll notice we're taking a middle ground on the drug enforcement thing, putting some on the list & leaving others off. Well, that's what you get when you realize that the sane people of the world include liberals, conservatives, and libertarians. Our views may differ a bit on recreational chemical policy, so in this case we agreed to leave you to enforce the ones currently wreaking measurable societal damage, and let idiots do as they will on the rest. That list may change over the course of time.

    # 8 - Human Trafficking
    # 14 - Human Smuggling
    # 25 - Small Arms Trafficking
    # 9 - Amphetamines/Meth (we're really just sick of looking at ugly teeth)
    # 6 - Counterfeit Pharmaceutical (I want my V!grr8 to do its job, dammit)
    # 11 - Ecstasy
    # 4 - Opium/Heroin

    When these 7 are no longer a problem, please see us about permission to prosecute any of the others. We imagine that there will still be other, more pressing issues once you've solved the biggies above.