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State Trooper Fights For His Source Code

BarneyRabble writes to tell us that a Wisconsin State Trooper is fighting to maintain control of the source code for a program he wrote that helps officers write traffic tickets electronically. Praised by the state just 18 months ago, Trooper David Meredith is now suing the head of patrol claiming that the state is trying to illegally seize the source that he had developed on his own time. From the article: "Meredith, of Oconto Falls, defied an order from his bosses to relinquish the source code - the heart of the program - in October and instead deposited it with Dane County Circuit Judge David T. Flanagan, pending a ruling on who should control it. The case centers on how the software was developed. Department of Transportation attorney Mike Kernats said the State Patrol - a division of DOT - provided Meredith with a computer to write the software and gave him time off patrol duties so he could do the work. But Meredith said in court filings that he spent hundreds of hours off duty working on it, developing it almost entirely on his own time. He noted that he never signed a software licensing agreement."

33 of 440 comments (clear)

  1. Resources by lordsilence · · Score: 5, Interesting

    What if the state claims that he was using their resources and knowledge about how ticket-system works?
    Would that affect the case?

    1. Re:Resources by The+MAZZTer · · Score: 5, Funny

      Only if Microsoft should be entitled to the source code of every Windows application ever written.

    2. Re:Resources by Tanuki64 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If this works, I hope you did not get your knowledge and education on a public school. Everything you create would automatically belong to the state.

    3. Re:Resources by bennomatic · · Score: 5, Interesting
      Companies have tried this sort of thing before. In the early days of Lotus 123, they realized that people were making pretty good money writing custom applications within Lotus using their scripting language, and so they made some machiovellian modifications to their licensing agreement that made all scripts written in their language their property.

      My understanding is that there were some legal challenges to that, but the main thing was that they essentially killed the golden goose. Lotus was (and still is, in it's present incarnation as "Notes" under IBM) a great system, with amazing flexibility. A lot of people swear by it, using it to run just about everything in their business. But that sort aggressive licensing took a lot of wind out of L123's sales--pun intended--and other companies were ready to fill the void, turning it into an also-ran.

      --
      The CB App. What's your 20?
    4. Re:Resources by CaymanIslandCarpedie · · Score: 5, Funny

      A lot of people swear by it

      Let me fix that for you.

      A lot of people swear at it

      There, thats better ;-)

      --
      "reality has a well-known liberal bias" - Steven Colbert
    5. Re:Resources by pilgrim23 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I worked state gov once, and wrote some very useful code, useful to me and handy for co-workers. But I was never hired to write it,nor was I paid for writing it. When I left, I left the code in a file location that was not archived, was not backed up, and was not saved. Still available, still used and everyone was happy till... 30 days later it went bye bye. I get a call at my new job "Where are those files????" I said: "Gee I am not sure, did you archive them with your other (paid for) important software? No? well then gee I'm not sure, no, I did not keep a copy, no, I don't recall how it worked, but if you pay me a reasonable consulting fee I might possibly could...."

      --
      - Minutus cantorum, minutus balorum, minutus carborata descendum pantorum.
    6. Re:Resources by WindBourne · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Knowledge? No. But they paid for part of the work. As such, the state will most likely say that it was an implied contract and either say thanx for the unpaid work or offer to pay him some amount. After all, this is not much different than having a secretary doing some of bosses work. Just because they are doing above and beyond what their job calls for does not give you relief from employers rights. After all, if any of developers started up a project at work that had NOTHING to do with the job AND we did it on company time, then generally we lose all rights.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    7. Re:Resources by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Your sig: My info page is filling up with rejected posts. How can I purge these?

      The real problem is that you obviously don't know how submit stories the "slashdot way." Here are some basic tips for submitting stories:
      1. Never submit an original or timely story.
      Instead please submit week-old stories from CNet News.
      2. When submitting a story, please try to misspell words or make critical grammatical errors.
      While in normal circumstances this would be unacceptable, it is considered l33t on Slashdot.
      3. Always pander to the liberal, anti-MS, or anti-digital rights sycophants on Slashdot with an absurd political statement in the guise of a question.
      Example: "Given the fact that the format issues with high-definition optical disks have yet to be worked out, how can we foil further assaults on our Constitutional rights by George Bush?
      4. Submit stories that are as polarizing as possible.
      Example title: Totally Unknown and Unqualified Blogger Says Linux is Better Than Mac.
      Example Text: 13-year-old student, Little Billy Ballinger, has issued his annual assessment of Operating Systems and Linux has come out on top. FTA: "As a guy who has only used my mom's spyware-laden Windows 98 machine, I find myself in a unique position to declare a winner in the OS wars--and I choose Linux."

    8. Re:Resources by caseydk · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Oh man, this is *yet another* example of why you should keep your "hobbies" distinct from your job. If he had turned around and sold copies of it to other stations, not a problem, but once he deployed a single version at work, he opened up a world of pain for himself.

      In addition, even if he got permission from his supervisors to develop whatever, whenever and he would have right to it, doesn't mean this is the case. It is unlikely that his supervisors have authorization to give this permission and/or to make capital purchases. Those decisions would have been made at a higher level.

    9. Re:Resources by TufelKinder · · Score: 5, Funny

      Ssh! Stop giving them ideas...

      --
      If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear. -- George Orwell
    10. Re:Resources by stevew · · Score: 4, Informative

      When you read the article - it says he did "almost" all the development on this own time. As soon as that "almost" creeps in there, the state can correctly argue that they paid for part of the development. That is the opening they need to gain at least partial ownership of the program. Because of that and the state providing him training to learn how to connect to the Tracs system - me thinks this isn't a slam dunk for the officer.

      In CA (as has been mentioned MANY times before on slashdot) there is a specific law stating that what is developed by an employee on the employee's own time belongs to the employee as long as there was no company resources were used. The officer wouldn't be able to claim that as described by the officer even in a state that has such specific provisions in their own state codes.

      I wish him luck - but I suspect the state is going to win this one.

      --
      Have you compiled your kernel today??
  2. Head Asplode... by ShaunC · · Score: 5, Funny

    For once I find myself actually rooting for a cop! Next thing you know, Microsoft will be giving away Windows, and Wal-Mart will go bankrupt... Someone pinch me before I wake up.

    --
    Thanks to the War on Drugs, it's easier to buy meth than it is to buy cold medicine!
    1. Re:Head Asplode... by TheRaven64 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Especially since his source code makes ticketing more efficient. Which is bad for the rest of us. I never understand the view that good enforcement of a law is a bad thing. Either the law is just, in which case enforcement can not be bad, or the law is unjust, in which case good enforcement will highlight this to a significant proportion of the electorate, ensuring that it is fixed sooner.
      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    2. Re:Head Asplode... by Kazzahdrane · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I see/hear a lot of that here in the UK. People are always complaining that the government make too much money from speeding fines and want them to cut the number of speeding cameras on the UK's roads. However, these people never seem to accept that if they just didn't break the law they'd have no fines to worry about. It's pathetic - not only do they feel no shame in breaking a law that is there for the public safety, they feel it is their unwritten right to break it and not be punished.

      You never hear any of them suggesting the government do a study or a trial to see if our speed limits could safely be higher.

  3. Hmm... by Some+Clown · · Score: 5, Funny

    There's a donut joke in here somewhere...

    --
    "...The mice will see you now..."
  4. The minute they... by just_another_sean · · Score: 5, Interesting

    ...encouraged him and offered to let him use their resources (time at work and a PC) he should of asked for some kind of agreement in writing that it was his.

    My boss is very liberal about what we do in the IT department as long as things are running smoothly and we get long term projects done on time. But even here I am careful to keep anything I might potentially think of as mine at home and off company equipment.

    --
    Creationist Textbook Stickers Declared Unconstitutional by CowboyNeal
  5. Tracs by operagost · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I'm wondering if the fact that it may be a derivative work of Tracs could actually be a bigger issue. The article didn't make it clear whether he actually modified parts of Tracs or just wrote an interface to it.

    --

    Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
  6. Re:the take-away point by gr8_phk · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Better yet: Make sure you know who is going to own the code before you write it.

  7. FYI... by Otter · · Score: 4, Interesting
    1) In most states, the presumption is that work-related inventions by a salaried worker belong to the employer, whether or not an explicit agreement has been signed. (Don't know the specifics about Wisconsin, or about how a trooper would be classified.)

    2) Accepting a work computer and other considerations has *got* to seriously jeopardize his claim. For heaven's sake, do *not* accept anything like that for work which you want to own, unless you get explicit acknowledgment that your employer sees it the same way.

  8. I'm amazed they're using his software by Wee · · Score: 4, Insightful
    The troubling part is that they're using a program which is inherently unmaintainable. Without the source, or a vendor, they can't really rely on anything. They can't fix bugs, get improvements, etc. I realize that the cop wants to become a vendor, but that's not quite the same thing. What if it's found that his program issues tickets to the wrong person in some cases? Who's liable? Sounds like he wants to be. Is he bonded or insured?

    The police force should have never accepted the program without accompanying source code, or (worst case) some sort of license.

    -B

    --

    Ash and Hickory, straight-grained and true, make excellent bludgeons, dandy for the cudgeling of vegetarians.

  9. The code belongs to his employer. by RightSaidFred99 · · Score: 4, Insightful
    Why is this even a controversy? The minute they provided him with any resource to work on it (work time, computer, etc...) it became theirs. This is not open to discussion.

    In fact, in most cases if the work is any any way related to his work domain it's theirs even if they _didn't_ provide any resources, or at least they have a strong case to argue this.

    He's wasting his time and the court's time, he can't win.

  10. Re:He didn't sign any agreement... by Baricom · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's not that simple. Copyright law says a work-for-hire is "a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment." Court cases have determined that an employee that gets time off from other duties, and is provided work space and IT resources by the employer, can be commissioning a work-for-hire, whether a formal agreement exists or not.

  11. Grasping? by coldfarnorth · · Score: 4, Interesting

    So, he was asked to write the software for work, he was given a (work) computer to develop the software with, and he was told to do it on the clock. That sounds to me like developing this software was part of his job descripton. If my boss put me in the same situation, I'd say the software was goes to him, no question.

    The fact that he did it off the clock hardly seems like his boss' fault.

    If I had to pick based on that info, well, he'd need to turn over his code. Regardless you can be sure that neither party will make these mistakes again.

    --
    Lets start refering to The War Against Terror by it's initials. . .
  12. Well... not all of it. by paladinwannabe2 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It looks like the base program comes from Iowa, which gave the program to Wisconsin under the condition that it not be sold commercially. Thus, the trooper cannot sell this program anymore than Microsoft could sell Red Hat Linux without releasing the source code for free. The trooper quite possibly has copyrights to the changes he made, but if so he can only sell the changes he made to someone who already has Iowa's program.

    A fair solution would be the officer gives the rights to his employer, and his employer gives him a nice bonus for overtime work ($10,000-$20,000, depending on the amount of time he spent and the quality of the changes he made). If I were him I'd try to settle out of court.

    --
    You are reading a copy of my copyrighted post.
  13. Re:the take-away point by h2g2bob · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Paraphrasing the FSF's recommendations:
    * Write a little bit
    * Go to your boss and say "I'll write the rest if you allow it to be Free Software"
    * Get that in writing
    * Be prepared to say "good luck getting someone else to finish the project" as you walk away

  14. Always clear this with your boss... by Qubit · · Score: 4, Informative
    The trooper's program is not FOSS, but I believe that the FSF's advice to Free Software developers who work for universities is appropriate:
    http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/university.html

    Whatever you do, raise the issue early -- certainly before the program is half finished. At this point, the university still needs you, so you can play hardball: tell the administration you will finish the program, make it usable, if they have agreed in writing to make it free software...

    Work out the arrangement with the sponsor first, then politely show the university administration that it is not open to renegotiation. They would rather have a contract to develop free software than no contract at all, so they will most likely go along.

    I work for a university, and I have explicitly talked to both the senior programmer and to our boss about developing FOSS on my own time (Do it both in person and over email -- so you have a record of the conversation).
    If you write computer code and want to make sure that your company/university does not try to take it from you, you need to have that conversation. Send an email today!
    --

    coding is life /* the rest is */
  15. Re:He didn't sign any agreement... by k12linux · · Score: 4, Informative
    All sorts of problems with this reasoning:
    1. He didn't write it from scratch. He took code given to WI from IA and modified it. Trying to sell it as his own would make him guilty of copyright violation.
    2. If he doesn't acknowledge any kind of license then he has NO rights to use someone else's source code in "his" software.
    3. There IS a license for the code he based his work on... the one from IA saying it couldn't be sold commercially. Either he accepts that or he has no right to make a derivative work out of it. Regardless, the license wasn't with him it was with the state.
    4. It is not legal (in WI anyhow) to profit or operate a business using public assets (the PC he was given to use.) If he wanted to start his own software business he should have bought his own PC.... and written the code all from scratch.
    5. And as others have mentioned, he was given time (and paid) to work on the software. If he needed more time he should have told someone. This code is "work for hire" programming and decidedly not his.

    He MAY be able to recover pay (even overtime) if he can show his superiors knew or should have known about the time he spent on it. I can't see him getting anything else. He's never going to be making millions off that software.

    He could always destroy the source code instead of giving it to the state... and risk being sent to jail for a computer crime.

  16. Re:the take-away point by WED+Fan · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Actually, try it like this: (The American Way)

    • Write a little bit
    • Demo it to the boss
    • "I'd like to provide it to the State, free of charge"
    • "I plan on selling it to other police agencies for a fee"
    • "If you don't agree, I'll sell it to other agencies for a fee. Then, when the State wants it, I'll sell you a license."
    • Profit

    God bless MLK, I got the day off.

    I work as a contractor for the DOD. A few years ago, a government employee did that. He was the boss of the shop, developed a cool DB system. Quit. Opened his shop, sold his system. Profit.

    --
    Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it everywhere, diagnosing it incorrectly and applying the wrong fix.
  17. This is a union job. Different rules. by Animats · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This is a unionized job. So there's a union contract in effect.

    There's no intellectual property clause in that union contract. But there's an overtime clause, which provides for time and a half for overtime and includes the line "Implementation of alternative work patterns or any variation thereof shall be by mutual agreement between the Employer and the Union." That says "Employer and the Union", not "Employer and the Employee", as is standard in labor contracts. Any special deals on hours have to be done through the union. This prevents the employer from pressuring employees individually. Any special arrangements about working at home have to be cleared with the union, and, of course, that's paid time.

    "Work for Hire" is a very explicit thing in a union job. The company does not own your life outside work.

    Unions - the people who brought you the weekend.

  18. MOD PARENT UP by momerath2003 · · Score: 5, Funny

    someone has seen into the heart of slashdot

    --
    I had but a simple dream, to destroy all humans.
    1. Re:MOD PARENT UP by zxsqkty · · Score: 5, Funny

      It is pitch black. You are likely to be eaten by a GNU.

      someone else has seen into the heart of slashdot

      --
      Caution: May contain nuts.
    2. Re:MOD PARENT UP by PockyBum522 · · Score: 5, Funny

      Caution: May contain nuts. Someone else has stolen the warning labels off slashdot!

      --
      -- David
  19. Federal Law by coats · · Score: 5, Interesting
    IANAL, but...

    The officer is wrong on one point: this is a matter for Federal law. (The very same issue is why Novell was able to move SCO vs. Novell from Utah court to Federal Court.)

    Federal law controls on copyight matters, overiding both state law and whatever contract he was (forced to) sign. And Federal law says that the program is his, and not the State of Wisconsin's, unless either (a) it was produced during the normal course of his working day; or (b) it was specifically commissioned in writing; or else (c) there is a signed written specific instrument of conveyance (US Code Title 17, Chapter 1 Section 101 and Chapter 2 Section 204).

    --
    "My opinions are my own, and I've got *lots* of them!"