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Chimps Found Making Own Weapons to Hunt for Food

Pojut writes "The Washington Post has an article involving chimps and weapons. Apparently, there have been direct observations of chimps in the west African savannah modifying sticks to create spears. They then use these spears to kill small mammals and eat them. It is the first time that an animal other than a human has been directly observed in crafting a weapon for the purpose of hunting or killing."

23 of 410 comments (clear)

  1. Don't make a monkey out of me. by ericspinder · · Score: 1, Insightful

    It is the first time that an animal other than a human has been directly observed in crafting a weapon for the purpose of hunting or killing. I don't know about anyone else, but I for one have never directly observed a human craft a weapon and then use it to hunt down an animal for food. The closest I've ever seen is seeing someone load their own cartridges and shoot tin cans off of a fence.
    --
    The grass is only greener, if you don't take care of your own lawn.
  2. But from where... by Marnhinn · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I don't much care where the chimps evolve to...

    I would like to know if this is a learned behavior from an outside source or if this is simply something they have discovered on their own.

    --
    There is always a frontier where there is an open and willing mind
    1. Re:But from where... by dosquatch · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Making a weapon requires foresight into the possible effects they may have. I seriously doubt chimps have such cognitive skills.

      Even if it is some form of imitation, doesn't that indicate some grasp of the encompassed cause and effect? Some glimmer of said foresight?

      Otters use flat stones to crack open shellfish. Some apes use sticks to fish for termites. Is this really such a stretch?

      --
      "Hey, the third matrix movie would have been good except for the plot,story, and acting." --AC
    2. Re:But from where... by osu-neko · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Making a weapon requires foresight into the possible effects they may have. I seriously doubt chimps have such cognitive skills.

      Why?

      --
      "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
    3. Re:But from where... by tomhudson · · Score: 4, Insightful

      " It is the first time that an animal other than a human has been directly observed in crafting a weapon for the purpose of hunting or killing."

      Spiders construct webs for hunting and killing. No intelligence required.

    4. Re:But from where... by Belial6 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The internal combustion engine was a very good invention. It has just been kept around much longer than it should have, and has been used in much higher quantities than it should.

    5. Re:But from where... by Brad1138 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      "Spiders construct webs for hunting and killing. No intelligence required."

      I would say that's more akin to moneys trying to kill a victim by flinging poo at them. The stick is a weapon crafted from thier environment, not secreted from them.

      --
      If you could reason with religious people, there would be no religious people
    6. Re:But from where... by bitt3n · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Spiders construct webs for hunting and killing. No intelligence required.
      In that case, the purpose of the web is imputed by the observer, in the same way that one might say that the purpose of the otter's oily coat is to allow the coat to repel water, but the otter need not be aware of this purpose for the coat to fulfill it. In the case of the monkey, the purpose of the spear appears to be imputed by the animal itself. That is likely what the article finds significant.
    7. Re:But from where... by potat0man · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I've seen primates using sticks as 'fishing poles' to pull termites out from logs. Sure looked like a tool to me. That was about five years ago on PBS.

    8. Re:But from where... by fuego451 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      In that case, the purpose of the web is imputed by the observer

      Until you see Dinopis guatemalensis the Net Casting Spider which fashions a net, hangs by a silk with the net held in its legs and waits for supper to happen by.

      As for chimps using spears, I know they are capable of using teamwork to catch, kill and eat small monkeys and they occasionally use sticks as clubs in threat gestures, beating the ground. Don't know if they have learned to kill other animals with clubs and I think spears are something this particular group of animals learned from outside their society. Just my two cents worth.

    9. Re:But from where... by Monsuco · · Score: 3, Insightful

      IAAC, and I take exception to that remark. You humans think you're so superior. Let's see what kind of foresight y'all have expressed recently:
      But man has also invented items of peace, such as beer, there have to be some redeming qualities to that.
    10. Re:But from where... by Mr.+Slippery · · Score: 2, Insightful

      What matters in determining intelligence is the thought behind the action. Was it instinct? Mimicry? Or innovation?

      Applying that criterion leads to solipism, as there's only one being whose thoughs I have access too. The rest of you all may be behaving by instinct or mimicry, but I know I'm thinking.

      The way to distinguish intelligent tool-making and use from instinctual behaviors like web spinning is by the flexibility and adaptability of the behavior. Can it be altered through learning? When circumstances change, does the organism repeat unsuccessful behaviors or does it alter them to work?

      --
      Tom Swiss | the infamous tms | my blog
      You cannot wash away blood with blood
    11. Re:But from where... by Rei · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The issue is where that "craft" comes from. In spiders, it is the result of a genetic algorithm progressively narrowing down wasteful "make a mat of sticky fiber" designs down into the minimum amount of thread needed to produce as large of a web as possible. In chimps, there is no "spear instinct". Put a chimp in isolation, give it all its food, it will never make a spear.

      And another thing: about this notion of "mimicry" being somehow bad. Mimicry is one of the few things that sets us apart. In terms of basic cognitive tasks, chimps often perform better than young human children. On some tasks, they keep up with children 5-6 years old. However, there are two things that chimps are notoriously bad about: learning from example and working in teams. They can do it; they just don't do it well.

      Human kids mimic. That's how they learn. In can even be a disadvantage in cases. Take a group of young human children and show them how to get a toy, but put in a lot of extra, pointless steps. Do the same with a group of chimps. The human children will tend to do all of the pointless steps. The chimps will often omit them.

      Chimps do have some evidence of culture. They can teach, and have been observed passing down the ability to make tools to their young. Captive chimps have been observed trying to teach sign language. Learning from example is just very difficult for them, so they don't pass much cultural information. They learn much better through simple reinforcement. Give a chimp a puzzle that has multiple solutions which contains a piece of food inside. Have it practice opening it up over and over until it gets good at it. Now have that chimp solve its puzzle in front of another chimp. Then give that other chimp the puzzle. More often than not, the "observer" chimp will start from scratch in terms of trying to figure out the puzzle.

      One animal that I'm ever so impressed with (as an owner of one) is parrots. Parrots learn well from example, but are still good problem solvers. My DYH amazon, at less than five months old, solved a puzzle in a way I never would have guessed he would. I hung a bungee cord with a treat on the end from a diagonal support rope, knowing that the cord would be too hard for him to climb down. Next to the treat, I hung a toy that he doesn't like to stand on -- his "cladder". Beyond that, I hung a toy that he did like to stand on, his "boing". The goal was to get him to climb on the cladder to get to the treat. However, I kept finding the bungee wrapped around the cladder and stuck in place, with the treat gone. Figuring my partner was trying to make it easier for him, I'd reset it, only to have it end up in the same way. So I watched (and filmed it). He'd climb up the boing, onto the support rope, past the cladder, and up to the top where the bungee connects. Then he'd grab onto the bungee with a combination of his beak and claws, and inch himself back down the support rope while holding onto it. When he got back to his boing, he'd loop the bungee around the cladder and then eat the treat at his leisure.

      He's an incredibly fast learner, too. He once spent half an hour trying to figure out how to open the clasp on one of my shirts. Ever since, it only takes him about ten seconds. The same thing happened with clothespins. I've also given him some simple verbal tasks that I've given to dogs before, and he excelled at them. Dogs often react based on the tone of your voice and your body language, not the verbal context. Try saying "stupid" with the same voice and body language that you say "come", or inserting their name in the middle of a sentence without changing your tone. More often then not, in my experience, they respond to the tone and body language, not the context. That's not to say that they can't; my younger sister has a dog who does Agility, and certainly context is involved there.

      Without any special training, however, I've found that my amazon responds to content. I'll put my finger in front of him and in a command

      --
      Stop it, stop it, it's fine. I will *destroy* you.
  3. Semantics by duffetta · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Sorry, I don't buy the story. Just media sensationalism to me. Jane Goodall observed chimps "fishing" for ants with twigs quite some time ago. Some of these chimps fashioned the twigs so as to work better. From where I sit, this is just as fantastic as having a chimp fashioning a larger twig to hunt with. Nothing new here except an over active media trying to make something out more out of old news.

    1. Re:Semantics by MightyMartian · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If you read the article, you'll find out that some of the chimps are sharpening the ends, and are not merely fishing, but using force to injure the critters they're hunting. It's definitely spearing, though there's no reason to think that this innovation hasn't been developed from the fishing technique. That is no different than virtually all our technologies, which are rooted in earlier ones.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
  4. I wonder if they came up with it... by Virtual_Raider · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I wonder if they came up with the idea themselves or may have learned about it by imitating humans? Or maybe they were even taught by one... I remember reading some studies where some researched taught a chimp to use sign language and then they observed that chimp spontaneously teaching it to other chimps. The first thing that came to my mind was that if they ever released it on the wild and it survived one day we may encounter some tribe of chimps with their own sing language and culture.

    Also, I just saw a documentary by the BBC about the rainforests, and in the last bit they were talking about huge organized groups of chimps somewhere in Uganda. It was pretty impressive to watch them march in formation and stalk their enemies in territorial fights. They looked pretty much like tribal wars to me. Just remember your own schoolyard days, we are really not so far removed.

    --
    +Raider of the lost BBS
  5. Baboons by flyingfsck · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Even Baboons, which are considerably stupider than Chimpanzees, use rocks to crush shell-fish and have been observed throwing rocks in self defence.

    --
    Excuse me, but please get off my Pennisetum Clandestinum, eh!
    1. Re:Baboons by HolyCrapSCOsux · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The difference is that they are making tools. If the baboons had made arrowheads from the rocks, that would have been spectacular.

      --
      0xB315AA8D852DCD3F3DCA578FD2E0BF88
  6. Re:killing animals making tools? by Dunbal · · Score: 5, Insightful

    By no one's definition of the term could creatures who place a truckload of high explosives into a crowded marketplace and blow hundreds of people to meat chunks be considered human.

          Congratulations. Dehumanization is the first important step down the path to genocide. The jews in Nazi Germany weren't "human" either. Carry on.

    --
    Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
  7. Re:Yawn... wake me up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful


    when we have evidence for WMD's.


    We have as much evidence as we did in Iraq.

  8. Re:killing animals making tools? by muecksteiner · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Even though I basically agree with you, in that any argument that might lead to dehumanisation is a dangerous path to be treading on, the parent post unfortunately does have a point of sorts.

    I mean, the level of daily carnage occurring in Iraq can only be described as mind-blowing these days.

    And I do not even mean the violence directed towards American troops - the motivation behind these actions is comprehensible, at least to some degree. Laying an ambush, and firing an RPG at the convoy of what some Iraqis perceive to be an occupying army is an action that will in all probability result in death or injury for a large number of persons - but at least this is done for a reason that can be understood.

    To me, the truly worrying aspect of the whole thing is the almost daily, pretty much arbitrary slaughtering of Iraqi civilians by other Iraqis the parent post is referring to.

    The whole situation almost looks like Ruanda in 1994, just with even fewer discernible motives, and less overall organisation on the part of the perpetrators.

    Any attempt at rationalising the actions of someone who blows up a truck full of explosives in a crowded market is hard work. That is to say, it can be pretty hard to come to any other conclusion, than that the people who do such things are complete psychopaths - criminally insane, if you will.

    Such actions are deemed utterly reprehensible in practically all value systems, and in particular the moral framework postulated by all branches of Islam - there simply is no justification for doing something like that, which will stand up to even the most cursory scrutiny.

    Modern society goes to great lengths to avoid obvious dehumanisation of all those who fall into the category of "deranged criminal", but at the end of the day there is usually no other option, than to lock up the most severely disturbed individuals for the remainder of their lives.

    In polite society no-one would use the kind of language the parent post was using when referring to such people, but the actions of society towards them (i.e. usually indefinite detention in a mental hospital) is still much the same, as if they really were not entirely human.

    So: just because the Nazis had some very bizarre ideas about who was a valuable human (and who was not) one cannot argue that *all* categorisations of persons are automatically wrong.

    If someone is - after an objective examination - found to be too dangerously defective to be at large, they can and should be removed from circulation.

    Of course, liberally applying such harsh judgements to large, only somewhat accurately specified groups of people (i.e. "the terrorists") without investigating every single one of them (like the parent poster did) - well, this is where the fun usually starts... then it really is only a few steps until - for instance - all guys with long beards get rounded up, because they are, well, you know, extremists?

    A.

  9. Re:It's not just the chimps. by ScentCone · · Score: 2, Insightful

    it's changing those TOOLS into WEAPONS that is only an ape/chimp(/human) trait

    So, a chimp uses a slightly modified stick to get hold of, kill, and eat something that it otherwise would not be able to get. You're referring to this tool as a weapon. Fair enough.

    Now, a crow finds a raw material, slightly modified it, and uses it to obtain, kill and eat something it otherwise would not be able to get. How is this different?

    --
    Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
  10. Re:"Hammer and anvil"? by mrogers · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It's something you can't do unless you have not just a pack hierarchy/dominance structure, but also a language/communications system capable of abstracting out concepts like "position" and "time".

    Not necessarily true - the anvil group can be composed of risk-seeking individuals who are willing to fight an equally-matched enemy, while the hammer group is composed of risk-averse individuals who aren't willing to join the fight unless they have a good chance of winning. The anvil group attacks first and in most cases gets bogged down; the hammer group attacks later if it's clear that joining the fight will tip the balance. No need for communication or hierarchy (although I'm not denying that chimps have both).

    If both sides have hammer groups waiting in the background, the situation is similar to an iterated game of chicken: each hammer group wants to delay joining the fight for as long as possible, allowing the anvil group to wear down the enemy, but neither hammer group wants the other to join the fight first, which would lead to a defeat. (Joining the fight corresponds to driving straight in the chicken game, and holding back corresponds to swerving; if both players swerve, the game is repeated.)