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Computers Outperform Humans at Recognizing Faces

seven of five writes "According to the recent Face Recognition Grand Challenge, The match up of face-recognition algorithms showed that machine recognition of human individuals has improved tenfold since 2002 and a hundredfold since 1995. 'Among other advantages, 3-D facial recognition identifies individuals by exploiting distinctive features of a human face's surface--for instance, the curves of the eye sockets, nose, and chin, which are where tissue and bone are most apparent and which don't change over time. Furthermore, Phillips says, "changes in illumination have adversely affected face-recognition performance from still images. But the shape of a face isn't affected by changes in illumination." Hence, 3-D face recognition might even be used in near-dark conditions.'"

56 of 183 comments (clear)

  1. ORLY? by Timesprout · · Score: 5, Funny

    Who's this then :-)

    --
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    What truth?
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    1. Re:ORLY? by rkanodia · · Score: 2, Funny

      Guy Smiley?

    2. Re:ORLY? by mh1997 · · Score: 2, Funny

      I don't know who it is, but I recognized the face. Unfortunately placing a name with the face is a different skill that is not part of my programming.

    3. Re:ORLY? by maxume · · Score: 2, Interesting

      My impression is that chin and cheek bone implants are pretty common. Not quite up there with nose jobs, but common none the less. To me, it seems like you can kind of tell, lots of people on tv have faces that don't quite look like they were born with them.

      --
      Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
    4. Re:ORLY? by Dachannien · · Score: 3, Funny

      > Greetings, Professor Falken. Would you like to play a game?
  2. in other news by Mr.Dippy · · Score: 2, Funny

    computers outperform humans on math equations

    --


    -Dipster
    1. Re:in other news by grammar+fascist · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Right.

      Recognition tasks are almost all inductive in nature, where performance on math is deductive. Human induction pretty well spanks machine induction at most of the things we take for granted - like recognizing and decoding faces, voices, speech, the sound of your walk, etc., etc., etc. The thing computers do least well is infer what bits of information are most important. We seem to excel at that.

      Despite what the findings say, I stand by the faces thing. It sounds like the recognition algorithms got high-resolution 3D scans of human faces as input. Wake me when they can do as well as a human with low-resolution 2D scans.

      That being said, it's great to see progress in this area. I can't wait until someone has to lop off my head and carry it with them in a plastic bag in order to break into my workplace. It's more grisly than taking a thumb, but much less likely to happen... I think...

      --
      I got my Linux laptop at System76.
    2. Re:in other news by McFadden · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I concur. Computers can outperform people under experimental conditions where the data provided to the computer is exactly what is required to perform the job at hand. Show me a computer that can recognize a person from a brief glimpse of the the back of their head, when they're walking away, on the other side of the street, and I'll agree they've got us licked on this one.

    3. Re:in other news by GunFodder · · Score: 3, Funny

      I can't wait until someone has to lop off my head and carry it with them in a plastic bag in order to break into my workplace. I can wait - frankly if someone really wants to break into my office they can have my badge.
    4. Re:in other news by CastrTroy · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The problem becomes how do you "flash" an image at a computer. A computer has a perfect memory. So you can't compare humans and computers in this way. A computer could completely memorize millions of faces, or even all the faces in the world, given enough storage space. 6 Billion people x 1 MB (exaggeration) per picture is only 6 petabytes. It's a lot of data, but not out of reach. So if computers get good enough at recognizing faces, it could become a useful too in security. Think about the security guard sitting at the front desk of 20 story building. Do you think he could identify every person who walks through those doors. Would he know if you were just using a stolen security badge?

      --

      Anthropic principle: We see the universe the way it is because if it were different we would not be here to see it.
  3. Great, now commercialize it.. by QuantumG · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It's really annoying how much of this research never gets turned into product.. or, worse yet, it gets embedded in some proprietary piece of shit hardware instead of being released as a reusable component. I'd love to add some good facial recognition to my pet robot, but I'm not buying your watt sucking camera.

    --
    How we know is more important than what we know.
    1. Re:Great, now commercialize it.. by Original+Replica · · Score: 4, Interesting

      It is being turned into product. Has you flown into the US from overseas recently? They have (and use) fingerprint scanners, cameras and facial recognition software running in US Customs. Sure right now only people with foreign passport have to scan in and back out when they go through customs, but the cameras are right in your face in the US passport lines as well. This may be very new, I first saw them this last Monday in JFK. But apparently this has been going on for awhile.

      --
      We are all just people.
    2. Re:Great, now commercialize it.. by QuantumG · · Score: 4, Informative

      huh? I said commercialize.. that means, "give me something I can buy" not "give me something for free". wtf?

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    3. Re:Great, now commercialize it.. by Original+Replica · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Yeah facial recognition software has been a US Customs thing for a few years now.

      "As U.S. airports begin installing face-recognition systems to thwart terrorism in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks, civil rights activists are rushing to decry the technology as ineffective and invasive."
      http://news.com.com/2100-1023-275313.html

      "In the USA Patriot Act, the National Institute of Standards (NIST) is mandated to measure the accuracy of biometric technologies. In accordance with this legislation, NIST, in cooperation with other Government agencies, conducted the Face Recognition Vendor Test 2002. FRVT 2002 Sponsors and Supporters are: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of State, Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Institute of Justice, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Transportation Security Administration, ONDCP Counterdrug Technology Assessment Center, United States Customs Service, Department of Energy, Drug Enforcement Administration, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Secret Service, Technical Support Working Group, Australian Customs, Canadian Passport Office, United Kingdom Biometric Working Group. "
      http://www.frvt.org/FRVT2002/default.htm

      I included the long list of agencies because under Homeland Security they will undoubtably share databases. If you have been scanned, everyone has your facial recognition file and fingerprints. I tried to stand out of the camera view, but there was no good way to aviod walking past it. The customs guy did alot of typing when I came in, probably as it was my first time in front of a facial recognition camera. My girlfriend was practically waved through, but she had been though customs just a year ago, as so probably already has a file.
      --
      We are all just people.
    4. Re:Great, now commercialize it.. by risk+one · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Trust me, this will become product. Walking through downtown London, you will get recognized. They already have your passport photo.

      I hope I've been able to put your mind at ease.

    5. Re:Great, now commercialize it.. by Old+Benjamin · · Score: 2, Interesting

      ...Invasive. The privacy people are almost never right. This time, they've never been wronger. I don't quite subscribe to the definition of invasive as a picture.

      Will somebody please explain to me why every time some new way to do anything that would involve identifying people, it's an invasion of privacy? I mean honestly, why are you so afraid? What crime did you commit now?

      --
      "The quickest way to end a war is to lose it" -Orwell
    6. Re:Great, now commercialize it.. by zCyl · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Will somebody please explain to me why every time some new way to do anything that would involve identifying people, it's an invasion of privacy? I mean honestly, why are you so afraid?

      The freedom of assembly is what's at stake, and it in turn is essential for a free democracy. If the government can track the movements of innocent people, then it can monitor the organizations and associations (including political) that one is associated with. And if the government has the power to document the members of every rival political movement as it is forming, including all the other activities of the members, then they have the power to intimidate and crush it. (Don't believe me? Find a history book.)

      Privacy from the government is a key component of freedom, because it places serious constraints on the government's power over the people. Without this, you can very easily become a subject rather than a free citizen.
    7. Re:Great, now commercialize it.. by T-Bone-T · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Ever heard the term "panopticon"? When you know that someobody could be observing your every move and you don't know exactly when you are being specifically observed, your behavior will change to what you believe the observer wants. Every camera brings us one step closer. I know there is no expectation of privacy in public but I wish it was a person on every corner rather than a camera. What the camera sees has the potential to exist indefinitely, human memories will fade and disappear.

    8. Re:Great, now commercialize it.. by fractoid · · Score: 2, Insightful

      When you know that someobody could be observing your every move and you don't know exactly when you are being specifically observed, your behavior will change to what you believe the observer wants. Only if the observer has the power to impose their will on you. I can stand on a street corner and say I hate the government as loudly as I want, and I don't care if they have a camera watching me. The moment they get the power to lock me up for saying I hate them is the moment that the freedom goes away, not when they put the camera up.

      I read an interesting piece on two different types of surveillance society a while back. The first one had state/police cameras recording everything and everywhere, and became a totalitarian state. The second had the same cameras everywhere but they were publicly accessible. The result was that, while any public action was viewable to everyone, the accountability was applied to everyone as well. The Man could watch The People, but The People could watch The Man too. The basic theme was that we're going to end up with a surveillance society anyway, and that full public access to the surveillance net is the only way to stop it from being used by a corrupt government. (I can't remember where I read it, could be Marshall Brain's page but I can't get there from work. Anyone recognize the sound of it?)
      --
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    9. Re:Great, now commercialize it.. by glittalogik · · Score: 2, Informative

      The Transparent Society by David Brin.

  4. Surveillance soceity. by Palmyst · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I wonder whether these scientists lose any sleep over how their research advances will contribute to the future of our societies.

    1. Re:Surveillance soceity. by presarioD · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I wonder whether these scientists lose any sleep over how their research advances will contribute to the future of our societies.

      If scientists ever paused to think for the possibilities of potential abuse of their intellectual effort, progress as we know it would come to a grinding halt. Back to Neanderthal times...

      It relies on the ordinary people to safeguard their societies from degenerating but that is an entire different subject (requires getting off the couch alot), and since I can already see the political-zombies approaching to offer their caned insight into the matter it's time for me to split...

      --
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    2. Re:Surveillance soceity. by ucblockhead · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Every technology has downsides. This technology clearly has pretty serious upsides. Do you wonder whether the inventors of the integrated circuit lost sleep over the contributions of their work to the surveillance society?

      --
      The cake is a pie
    3. Re:Surveillance soceity. by Kuciwalker · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If something is possible it will be done by someone.

    4. Re:Surveillance soceity. by Thrip · · Score: 3, Insightful
      I think you're letting researchers off the hook too easy. There are a million things to research, yet many people choose to work on projects that have dubious implications for society. I mean, sure, there's a lot of gray area between searching for a cancer cure and weaponizing anthrax, but I see no reason to excuse scientists from at least asking themselves where their work falls on that spectrum, and whether what they're doing is likely to improve or damage our world.

      Back to Neanderthal times... I'm afraid moving forward to Neanderthal times isn't any better. If we have slow down to go in the right direction, so be it.
      --
      I'm awake! The answer is BONK!
    5. Re:Surveillance soceity. by maxume · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Name five technologies that you like. I bet I can name dubious implications for no less than 3 of them, especially if you make them different, rather than hiding behind fragrances(which can be used to make food of low nutritional value more attractive, or to shift the moods of shoppers so that they are a bit more spendy) or whatever, and relatively specific(because in general 'a cure for cancer' is a good thing, but not really a technology).

      --
      Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
  5. security possibilities by benburned · · Score: 2, Interesting

    once the technology becomes more refined, they could put a camera connected to a computer(stored with all the mugshots in the nation) near a bank or other commonly visited area be able to catch tons of criminals

    1. Re:security possibilities by cheater512 · · Score: 3, Funny

      Screw the criminals. Thinks about how many law abiding citizens you'll be able to track. :D

  6. Face the Consequences by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 3, Interesting

    When a human makes a mistake recognizing a face, they suffer the results. If that's identifying a criminal, they can be cross-examined, or even sued or jailed, depending on what they said that face did.

    When computers mis-ID a face, do we cross-examine and maybe punish its programmers?

    --

    --
    make install -not war

    1. Re:Face the Consequences by Hex4def6 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Don't be silly.

      If this were to be used for criminal identification, I'm sure that when they get a "hit" for a wanted suspect, that they're going to manually sift through the video, in order to figure out direction of travel etc.

      These things aren't error proof, and never will be. A jury would also probably be more sawyed by seeing part of the footage than just having a prosecutor say "the computer said it was him."

      If I were an (innocent) suspect, I'd much rather that I was tagged by a computer, since the video evidence would be available to criticize, than to be tagged by a witness to a crime, who are notorious for misidentifying people.

      So in regards to your hypothetical question, no. At best this would be like a google search for faces, where an investigator would then further analyze the hits.

    2. Re:Face the Consequences by risk+one · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Programmer: We've finished your face recognition system. We estimate its error to be about 0.5 percent.
      Politician: Can the technobabble, nerd. Roll it out. We need to catch us some t'rists.
      Leftist Media: "Middle-Eastern man unfairly jailed, tortured"
      Politician: Sue the programmers! Damn geeks. Technology is evil!

  7. No worries... by DanFM · · Score: 5, Funny

    My tinfoil hat has a visor.

  8. Had to say it... by ectotherm · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I, for one, welcome our face-recognizing overlords...

    --
    "Nature bats last..."
  9. My Plugin by ReidMaynard · · Score: 4, Funny

    if(hot_gurl) {
          RingBell();
        }

    --
    -- www.globaltics.net

    Political discussion for a new world

  10. A little embarrassed to admit this by L.+VeGas · · Score: 4, Funny

    improved tenfold since 2002 and a hundredfold since 1995 Because of the internet explosion since 1995, I, too, recognize facials at least a hundred times better. Or at least see them a hundred times more.
  11. Ageing? by 644bd346996 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    How good are computers at recognizing a face after ten or twenty years? I doubt the algorithms can recognize, say, a teenager based on photos taken prior to puberty. Also, can they maintain accuracy even if somebody has a new scar or puts on dark sunglasses? How much of a face does it take to make a match?

    1. Re:Ageing? by D-Cypell · · Score: 5, Funny

      How good are computers at recognizing a face after ten or twenty years?

      Hopefully better than I am, otherwise they better be damn good at making generic bullshit small talk at family parties while sweating profusely and fishing for hints without letting on they have absolutely no idea who it is that just ambused them at the buffet table.

      Actually, the opposite situation is just as bad. I have enough of a problem with my 'aunt's old room-mate' or equivilant telling me they "remeber me when I was just 'this' big" (given the amount of random old women that at some point 'changed my diaper' I have begun to wonder if my parents rented me out as a training aid), I do not need the computer hardware in my life pulling the same act!

      Either way.... this will end badly.

    2. Re:Ageing? by vux984 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Really depends what you mean by "headscarf". Some would. Some wouldn't.

      Searching google images shows the diversity of things called 'headscarf'. The word covers garments ranging from little more than a headband to the complete head covering a women in Taliban controlled afghanistan would wear.

  12. ORLY? by DragonWriter · · Score: 2, Interesting

    for instance, the curves of the eye sockets, nose, and chin, which are where tissue and bone are most apparent and which don't change over time.


    so, apparently, plastic surgery doesn't exist.
  13. it's in the summary FFS by QuantumG · · Score: 5, Informative

    "for instance, the curves of the eye sockets, nose, and chin, which are where tissue and bone are most apparent and which don't change over time."

    Geez.

    --
    How we know is more important than what we know.
  14. I'm lucky by Tribbin · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It's a question of time 'till there 's a law that forbids to wear anything that partially covers your face in certain public areas.

    I think I have about ten years 'till computers are able to interpret my front-head as a 'face' so I'm safe.

    --
    If you mod this up, your slashdot background will turn into a beautiful sunset!
  15. Not that impressive by DynaSoar · · Score: 3, Informative

    Human face recognition is run by a several hardwired circuits operating in parallel (ie. fast, with little control) with the results put together after by some heuristics -- a good enough guess. What humans need to get from facial recognition, and what their ancestors required and so developed through evolution, is nowhere near the same thing facial recognition software is after. Humans need to recognize quickly that there is a face and what information it's displaying far more than they need to differentiate one from another. Facial recognition software does just the opposite. Also, the software does the complete job every time. Humans only process as much as they need to in any given instance.

    If "better" is based on the standards of humans (fastest good enough guess) rather than machines (as correct as possible, complete & in depth), humans win.

    --
    "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid." -- Bishop 341-B
    1. Re:Not that impressive by Kjella · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If "better" is based on the standards of humans (fastest good enough guess) rather than machines (as correct as possible, complete & in depth), humans win.

      Translation: Throw enough hardware at it, and the machines win? Whatever a computer has been successfully programmed to do, it's usually bloody fast at it. It sounds like a well parallelizable task that should scale easily for many years to come.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
  16. Re:Yes but by Tribbin · · Score: 2, Funny

    And I'm pretty sure the computer won't be able to recognize the face after the facial.

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  17. In related news... by evanbd · · Score: 2, Informative
  18. Quite impressive.. by denoir · · Score: 4, Interesting
    This is actually a great milestone as we humans are really excellent at face recognition. In fact, we are so good at it that we produce tons of false positives and recognize faces where there are none (clouds, toasts etc).

    A few years back (well, nearly a decade actually), I did my master's thesis in a lab that among other things did work on face recognition. The experts there assured me that perhaps in 50 years or so computers might be able to approach human face recognition capabilities. Apparently the development was far quicker than they could have imagined.

    An interesting technical point is that in fact the algorithms haven't changed a lot since then - it's still mainly various adaptive systems such as neural networks and support vector machines. The really big breakthrough is in the data collection - in the sensors and scanners. What they couldn't imagine a decade ago was the type of accurate automatic 3d face modeling and measurements that can be done today. It's also how certain computing methods that were deemed unsuitable a few years ago are coming back big time (neural nets for instance). I guess the time wasn't ready for them the last time due to computing power and memory limitations (and of course sensors as in this case).

  19. Since you asked, you can have it... by MedicinalMan · · Score: 3, Informative

    After LA the incident in May where protesters and cameramen kept running into police batons and shooting themselves with stolen police guns, the LAPD wants the city council to ban masks and goggles from public demonstrations. A law somewhere in Europe against masks was recently applied to burkas (no source, but google can backup any claim).

    1. Re:Since you asked, you can have it... by SEE · · Score: 3, Insightful

      google can backup any claim

      Yep, it can back up any claim.

      For example, dinosaurs co-existed with humans.
    2. Re:Since you asked, you can have it... by Spacezilla · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I'm Danish and for a couple of years we've had a law here to prevent people from wearing masks while demonstrating, because it makes it hard for the police to pick out who threw something at them if things turn violent.

      You're still welcome to wear a mask anywhere you want (well, perhaps except in banks) :), but if you attend a demonstration while wearing a mask, you can be arrested.

  20. Automating Go by handy_vandal · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Go is not yet as well-automated as chess, but it appears that go-playing software is rapidly advancing:

    "Two Hungarian scientists have now come up with an algorithm that helps computers pick the right move in Go, played by millions around the world, in which players must capture spaces by placing black and white marbles on a board in turn.

    "On a nine by nine board we are not far from reaching the level of a professional Go player," said Levente Kocsis at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences' computing lab SZTAKI.

    The 19 by 19 board which top players use is still hard for a machine, but the new method is promising because it makes better use of the growing power of computers than earlier Go software."

    Link

    See also:

    http://zaphod.aml.sztaki.hu/papers/ecml06.pdf

    http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/vanderwerf03solving.ht ml

    http://www.primidi.com/2007/02/26.html

    -kgj

    --
    -kgj
  21. Caricatures by Philotic · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I'll be impressed when they can recognize caricatures as well as humans.

  22. Other Race Effect by fishbowl · · Score: 3, Interesting

    One of the academic research areas I've been involved in, is study of the so-called "Other Race Effect". There is some evidence that people have quantifiable error when asked to identify faces of people of other races than their own.

    Computers won't be subject to this.

    --
    -fb Everything not expressly forbidden is now mandatory.
  23. Time to invest by Nazlfrag · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I always knew sometime in the future we'd be wearing those 80's wraparound sunglasses everywhere. That or one of those nifty 3-in-1 fake nose, mustache and glasses kits.

  24. Re:3D face scans? by Bardsley · · Score: 2, Informative

    I'm researching 3D Face Reconstruction and Recognition for my PhD (see my website). The structured light scanner I use to acquire my 3D data takes less then 0.2ms for the 2 phase capture of structured light / texture images and then about 30 seconds to produce a high resolution model from the 4 stereo images. This is sufficiently fast to capture a subject even if they are moving during the capture process. Using this technology a subject must be suitably close to the cameras for the reconstruction to work, however, plenty of other techniques (such as model based reconstruction) allow 3D face models to be reconstructed using a single camera located quite a distance from the subject. In short 3D recognition is becoming the norm in the face recognition field as current 2D algorithms begin to reach their limits.

  25. Hmmm... by Slayer · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Because that's not what face recognition software was made for. When people watched John Cleese, they knew they watched a celebrity and they also knew that not too many celebrities would dress up like this and do the silly walk. Only using all this extra information made people recognize John Cleese. Chances are that even in a small town you'd find quite a few people who, if dressed up and walking like that, would easily pass as "John Cleese". On the other side most actors/models would not be recognized by anyone reliably if they don't have their make up and if lighting differs from the studio where they usually have their pictures taken.

    Face recognition software on the other side doesn't make those assumptions but instead focusses on identifying people from a large population of registered images, using no extra knowledge and making no assumptions. All the face recognition vendor test says is if you put up 1000000 random faces, people would misidentify more of these faces as John Cleese than modern algorithms would.

  26. Face recognition indeed. by olehenning · · Score: 2, Funny