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Using AI To Train Firefighters

Roland Piquepaille writes "Computer scientists at the University of Southern California (USC) have developed DEFACTO, a training program which uses artificial intelligence (AI) to help firefighters practice simulated emergency situations. The system is currently used by the Los Angeles Fire Department. DEFACTO has committees of AI 'agents' which can create disaster scenarios with images and maps seen in 3-D by the trainees. The software agents also evaluate the trainees' answers and help them to take better decisions. As one LAFD captain said, 'You can see if you're heading toward a mistake much more quickly.' Read more for additional details about this AI project and a photo of a LAFD Fire Captain using the system."

67 comments

  1. Wrong focus. by Rank_Tyro · · Score: 0

    Normally simulations are for showing you what you did WRONG, so you won't make those mistakes when it is a life or death situation.

    That said, this is an invaluable training aid if used correctly.

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    1. Re:Wrong focus. by lunartik · · Score: 4, Interesting

      It says it helps them improve decision-making, which is what disaster scenarios are about.

      I used to write and run crisis training for a large multi-national, and we expected that the participants would make mistakes. The basic thing we tried to do was to give them a chaotic situation and to teach and re-enforce their roles and responsibilities. The main thing was that they knew what their role was, and that they stuck to it. All crisis situations are basically getting something under control. It is a bit different for first responders, but not much.

      In our case it was a bit different because we were dealing with people who had a role within the corporate crisis structure, but it was not their actual job within the organization (normally they might head legal, HR or finance - for example). So we had to make sure they were periodically trained so that they would be familiar with how everything worked in the event that the crisis mechanism was activated.

      Training for firefighters is a bit different because it is their main job, and it is reinforcing skills they will use regularly.

  2. Dyslexia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I read that as 'AI used to train Tiefighters'
    Would be much cooler imho.

    1. Re:Dyslexia by wish+bot · · Score: 0, Offtopic
      Much cooler, and much more interesting than almost any of Roland's stories. He really fucking labours the point in almost everything he writes.

      Has everyone stopped bitching about him because there's now some way of filtering his submission out of the front page?

      --
      lemonade was a popular drink and it still is
  3. If you ask me... by RuBLed · · Score: 3, Funny

    I believe the fire captain is playing.. errr.. beta testing Sim City Societies, I swear I could see the Firefighter dispatch tool...

    1. Re:If you ask me... by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 1

      All those pixalated naked chicks need to be saved from a kitchen grease fire.

    2. Re:If you ask me... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ahhh!! THAT explains all the cryptic talk about Maxis bailing on the next SimCity!

  4. "America's Firemen"? by weighn · · Score: 5, Interesting
    so can the USC use some of this code as the basis for a game? This could be used as both a recruiting tool and an aid to help recovering pyrophobics.

    I'm not suggesting that it would be a shame for all this hard work to go into just training guys to save lives and property :) but the screenshots suggest that there could be elements of strategy (which block to approach from, consideration of wind conditions) and some cool FPS with the water cannon. Possibly some riot quelling action too ... are there any firefighting sims out there? Perhaps a multi-player which pits firefighters against arsonists?

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    Mongrel News all the news that fits and froths
    1. Re:"America's Firemen"? by thetroll123 · · Score: 1

      >recovering pyrophobics

      Is *getting over* a fear of fire really a good thing? I think my fear of fire is a pretty healthy attribute, alongside my fear of lions, cyanide and axe-wielding nutjobs.

    2. Re:"America's Firemen"? by twinberettas · · Score: 1

      Burning Rangers was a firefighting game. A scifi firefighting game. Ticks all the boxes, that one.

    3. Re:"America's Firemen"? by zoogies · · Score: 0

      Fear leads to anger...anger leads to hate...hate....leads to suffering.... Well I mean, phobias are irrational fears. Maybe someone is sufficiently afraid of fire that they won't cook using a gas stove. Or attend birthday parties. Although even in those cases, I don't think a video game is really going to help.

    4. Re:"America's Firemen"? by weighn · · Score: 1

      I don't think a video game is really going to help. "exposure therapy" is currently a used to treat a lot of phobias and CG has huge potential in this. New Scientist had an article a while back and I remember a science show (sorry can't give source) that had a VR set up where people were exposed to spiders as part of their treatment of arachnophobia.
      --
      Mongrel News all the news that fits and froths
    5. Re:"America's Firemen"? by weighn · · Score: 1

      Burning Rangers was a firefighting game. thanks ! any idea where to track down roms for the sega saturn emu :)
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_Rangers
      --
      Mongrel News all the news that fits and froths
    6. Re:"America's Firemen"? by Aladrin · · Score: 1

      Phobias aren't 'fear', they're 'irrational fear'. The kind of fear that makes you lock up and do -nothing- or do the wrong thing, instead of keeping a level head and dealing with the situation.

      Personally, I don't think it's possible to 'get over' a phobia. I think you can control it, and learn to make yourself control the situation instead of letting the situation control you, but a pyrophobe will -never- stop being afraid of fire.

      --
      "If you make people think they're thinking, they'll love you; But if you really make them think, they'll hate you." - DM
    7. Re:"America's Firemen"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      Personally, I don't think it's possible to 'get over' a phobia.

      Read up on the Emotional Freedom Technique. (Although it's difficult to prove it works, as wiki mentions, there is a lot of anecdotal evidence that it helps people.)

    8. Re:"America's Firemen"? by nikhilwiz · · Score: 1

      Funny you should ask. I wrote the 3D visualization tool for this while I was a grad student at USC. I used Torque game engine to use an existing model (aquired using LiDAR) and layered on an arial photograph on it for the textures - that's how much fancy I could have gotten given the time we had. I left in 2005 and am not sure if they are still using it though. But, the pictures you see on TFA are screenshots from the tool I developed. As to why I'm not listed on the list of grad students who participated on TFA is questionable. You can see the paper which talks about this here

  5. Wrong AI challenge... by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 1

    The AI program should be able to cook up a four-alarm chili that puts the best firehouse cook to shame.

  6. perfect conditions? by wizardforce · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    I wonder if this is anything like America's army where literally nothing fails- very unlike reality

    --
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  7. Looks like Microsoft got in on this one too... by crazyvas · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    DEFACTO has committees of AI 'agents' which can create disaster scenarios.

    1. Re:Looks like Microsoft got in on this one too... by Bellum+Aeternus · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      And if FEMA is involved nothing will get done about it either.

      --
      - I voted for Nintendo and against Bush
    2. Re:Looks like Microsoft got in on this one too... by Bellum+Aeternus · · Score: 1

      -1 Off Topic? Oh right, this is /. bashing Microsoft = funny, bashing government failure = off topic.

      --
      - I voted for Nintendo and against Bush
  8. far sight by Ep0xi · · Score: 0

    far sight allows you to see, the simulation close to your personal life,
    and the real disaster scenario

    I support forced suicide! let's share the files not the girls

    --
    ?
  9. Questionable Results by Vskye · · Score: 4, Informative

    First off, it's a AI program. This will not give you that much practical experience compared to being in a more traditional controlled test environment. I used to run ship fire simulations, with actual fire and smoke in a building setup for this type of deal when I was in the Navy. We actually trained a group of Iranians back in the day, and I remember several trying to get out of the port holes on the building, because they freaked out. (ever see a 2 1/2" hose flying around? this will put a serious hurt on your team if nailed.) I guess my whole point is that actually going into a test environment on a moments notice, donning your equipment and getting a first hand view of smoke/fire is a better experience, IMHO.

    --
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    1. Re:Questionable Results by thebear05 · · Score: 1

      I see your point if this were to replace traditional methods of training, but do not see how you reached the conclusion, that this will replace not supplement traditional training methods. I draw the conclusion that training (physical) and training(mental) would yield better results, neither being as significant if used separately.

    2. Re:Questionable Results by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Look carefully at what part of the training it replaces before dismissing it.
      It is designed to replace large scale planning, not hands on. Using this system a small group of trainees can be taught how to cope with logistics, fire behaviour, allocation of resources etc. Not how to cope with the hose misbehaving, which is covered in seperate practical drills.
      Are you allowed to set a whole city on fire to show some new people how to cope with that? With this system you could.

      I would like to see it expanded to involve other form of emergency response. A similar idea could be used for any agency involved in disaster response.

    3. Re:Questionable Results by utnapistim · · Score: 2, Interesting

      guess my whole point is that actually going into a test environment on a moments notice, donning your equipment and getting a first hand view of smoke/fire is a better experience, IMHO.

      I don't think there is any theoretical training that can replace the hands-on experience. When I did the SCUBA Rescue diver course, we had to - first - get over the theoretical part (check for dangers, approach, evaluate, check for breathing etc.), and - second - go through with actual exercises.

      I think all courses (should) cover at least these two parts, and I experienced hands-on what you're talking about: when my instructor went in 1m water and started splashing around and yelling "Help" I got blocked (with all the theoretical exercises I went through).

      This program is related to theoretical exercises only though, so as far as I'm concerned, if it works, more power to them! :)

      --
      Tie two birds together: although they have four wings, they cannot fly. (The blind man)
    4. Re:Questionable Results by hcdejong · · Score: 4, Insightful

      As others have said, this simulator isn't meant to replace basic training. It's about planning how to attack a major fire.
       
      ...a more traditional controlled test environment.

      The problem with such an environment is that it's limited in size, and has a fixed layout. This is no problem for initial training, but experienced firefighters will go in knowing what to expect, which skews the results.

      With the simulator, you can present scenarios that are guaranteed to be unfamiliar to the trainee, and on a much larger scope than physically feasible.

      Similar systems are used in the army: they have lots of hands-on weapons training for the soldiers, but also "command post exercises" where the trainee commanders just shuffle paper, issue radio orders etc. and no bullets are involved. In such an exercise the commander can learn how to manage his division, in scenarios that can't be played out in real life (e.g. because there's no training ground big enough to do battles with an entire division, plus there's the cost factor).

    5. Re:Questionable Results by tcopeland · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      > I used to run ship fire simulations, with actual fire and
      > smoke in a building setup for this type of deal when I was in the Navy.

      We did the same thing in the Coast Guard in boarding officer school. We'd go into a ship's hold armed with pistols and blanks, with hidden cameras everywhere and an instructor playing the role of drug runner. It was very effective - dark, quiet, and you never knew where the guy would pop out from. Add to that the fact that he had the tactical advantage since we had to approach shouting variants on "This is the Coast Guard, come on out of there!" and it was a pretty tense experience. We'd do the debrief and everyone would be sweating bullets... good time.

      CGA 94, baby!

    6. Re:Questionable Results by $RANDOMLUSER · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The thing that I'm wondering after reading TFA is whether or not the system gives the trainees too much information. The real skill in these kind of situations is making good decisions on incomplete data. I hope this training approach doesn't teach people to rely on information they won't have in the real world.

      --
      No folly is more costly than the folly of intolerant idealism. - Winston Churchill
    7. Re:Questionable Results by Aladrin · · Score: 1

      Again, if this were the only training, that would be correct. This is designed to give them the overall picture, and clarify their portion of it. One of the benefits from that is that in a real situation, the person doesn't stop to think 'Why are they telling me to do that?' and be tempted to question the decision. They'll already -know- why and just do it.

      --
      "If you make people think they're thinking, they'll love you; But if you really make them think, they'll hate you." - DM
    8. Re:Questionable Results by JshWright · · Score: 1

      I can't imagine they spent the amount of money they did, without creating the ability to limit what the computer tells the trainee... Simply because it's capable of creating complex scenarios, with all the accompanying information, doesn't mean it has to deliver all that information to the trainee. ~Josh

    9. Re:Questionable Results by RobertLTux · · Score: 1

      also i have a couple of questions

      1 will they use this to make a few AI firemen?? (some of the current ones need upgrades)
      2 how well does it train on the Trivial > interesting > Fun > Break out the marshmellows > RUN LIKE HXXX! part of the exercise?

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  10. Not really AI by syousef · · Score: 1

    Since when were laptop batteries referred to as AI?

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    These posts express my own personal views, not those of my employer
    1. Re:Not really AI by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Since they started costing $150.00 bucks for 8 AA- batteries in a pretty plastic case.

  11. Excellent use of technology! by RedElf · · Score: 0, Redundant

    If this helps to keep our brave firefighters safer in the heat of the moment while in the action of trying to save us, I am all for it!

    --
    You know, I have one simple request. And that is to have sharks with frickin' laser beams attached to their heads!
  12. I heard of that before... by Stormwatch · · Score: 1

    Is it something like this one?

  13. Burning Rangers ? by Saffaya · · Score: 1

    Remember this gem of the Sega Saturn ?
    Better prep for the future of FireFighting :)

    http://www.theghz.com/br/br/br.html/

  14. Fascinating by edittard · · Score: 0, Troll

    So what they're saying is that if you create a machine that interactively models some activity or situation, people can practice and try things out without the consequences that happen doing it for real. By doing this they can develop their skills and knowledge and later apply them to the real task.

    This is a brilliant idea. I can see it going a long way. Pilot training is the first thing that springs to mind. I'm just surprised nobody thought of it before.

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    At the bottom of the /. main page it says 'Yesterday's News'. Well they got that right.
    1. Re:Fascinating by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      or shooting up schools, according to certain lobbyists...

  15. The land of kangaroos and drop bears by mazzanet · · Score: 3, Informative

    Over here in the lovable land of .au, we (CFA) and other fire agencies around the country already use a training simulator made by VectorCommand in the UK (link) which is very similar to this package in the OP. Career staff particularly, as well as volunteers, are readily ran through various exercises and drills on it. One of the most useful features is that it a scenario can be run individually or with a team of users (with networked computers).

    1. Re:The land of kangaroos and drop bears by mazzanet · · Score: 1

      Something I forgot to add is that as well as the occasional AI training, physical practical (including hot drills in structures - 'fire houses') and theory training is pushed heavily with a very comprehensive training program that includes Australian Standards and nationally recognised qualifications.

  16. Different Approach by Raptoer · · Score: 3, Informative

    This is not to replace real training at all, I totally agree that this type of training can and never will be able to (in the foreseeable future) match a real training simulator. This is more of management type training, where a firefighter learns how to make decisions with disaster type situations.

    The real advantage of this system of the previous version is it no longer ties up an entire fire team in order to run the simulation, it comes up with truly random situations (a person is more likely to train people about things they experience all the time, well you also need to be able to meet unexpected situations), and it is easier to run. The changed graphics is really just a different UI, it is not nearly good enough to trick someone in to thinking it is the real thing, but as long as you're making the same type of decisions under some pressure, the graphics do not matter. The increased graphics might make it easier to relate to a real situation. An example being a red box is a firetruck vs a more complete model, it just helps with the visualizations.

  17. VecorCommand have been doing this for Years by gfiford · · Score: 1

    A company called vectorcommand have been doing this for years, check out there site http://www.vectorcommand.com/www.vectorcommand.com

  18. Troll??? by $RANDOMLUSER · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Mods need to get a grip. Sarcasm != Troll.

    --
    No folly is more costly than the folly of intolerant idealism. - Winston Churchill
  19. sounds good by toscy · · Score: 0

    I think this is a great idea.... www.steve.com.au

  20. Perhaps, but... by djupedal · · Score: 1

    I've gone thru actual fire fighting training, from structure to fuel storage/well head suppression to forest fire fighting in remote areas, and until you've had a chance to choke on real smoke and smell real burning flesh, you're not quite capable of grasping the gravity of what you may have gotten yourself into when things are no longer being simulated.

    That said, simulations could help to weed out the ones that sign on as a result of the 'fever' and excitement that attracts a certain type looking only for the rush of action - action that eventually takes a heavy toll when a hapless individual has nothing more than their imagination to fall back on in a real emergency.

    1. Re:Perhaps, but... by JshWright · · Score: 1

      I know you couldn't pass up the opportunity to mention "burning flesh", but it should be pretty clear to anyone in the fire service (or anyone who RTFA for that matter), that this is designed for training command officers, not line firefighters or engineers.

      And by the way djupedal... nowadays we wear this nifty new-fangle technology call "SCBA" which helps prevent that whole choking on smoke thing.

    2. Re:Perhaps, but... by RobertLTux · · Score: 1

      the problem is what happens when

      A you land up in an area that went from trivial to interesting (could you last long enough to mask up?)
      B what happens if that nifty tech breaks on you (chunk of wall manages to smash your airpack or you time out because you managed to get trapped)?

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    3. Re:Perhaps, but... by JshWright · · Score: 1

      Which is why you train hands on... I never denied that, was just pointing out that with modern technology choking on smoke is not generally necessary.

      Filter breathing, wall breeching, bailouts, RIT, all sorts of things you should be training on regularly if you are on the line. How many chiefs need those hands-on skills? They need to have an understanding of their team's capabilities, and how to best utilize the resources they provide.

  21. As a fire officer myself -- this looks limited by CFD339 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I'm a Lieutenant on a small department, and have been part of many "simulator" drills using not so artificial intelligence. We use an overhead project, software that allows drag and drop visual and audio changes to simulate the progression of a fire against a background image, and the real intelligence of a senior officer running the drill. The purpose of the drill is to give experience to the firefighters and officers making decision on how to attack the fire and when to take certain actions.

    It is NOT about the individual firefighter on the line doing his job -- he's not meant to be focused on the big picture. He's got to focus on his local task as assigned -- search, vent, attack, etc.

    The important thing, is that the person running the drill has a situation in his head about what caused the fire and how it will progress through the building, and can adjust the progression as a result of the decisions made by the officer making decisions. Once done, a great benefit of the experience is the discussion. Another huge benefit is the practice at simply making best use of radio traffic and keeping the situation in mind all at once.

    The only advantage I see to this software they're showing is that it requires less people so you could have more people being in charge of the scenario and learning. They lose the experience coordinating the radio traffic, and the discussion at the end of how their tactics impacted the results would not benefit as many people.

    --
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  22. Who is... by ehaggis · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Al? Ohhhh... AI!

    --
    One ring to bind them - should probably have more fiber and less rings in their diet.
  23. Using AI Trains to Fight Fires by tygerstripes · · Score: 0, Offtopic
    ... but what if the fire isn't near a train route!??!

    You'll forgive me for not caring to read the article, but it's a Roland Piquepaille job. Is that wrong of me?

    --
    Meta will eat itself
  24. Out of focus. by numbski · · Score: 2, Funny

    Wake up, look at my RSS feeds to find:

    "Using AI to Fire Transformers"

    Wow, that's deep. Oops.

    --

    Karma: Chameleon (mostly due to the fact that you come and go).

    1. Re:Out of focus. by Gilmoure · · Score: 1

      Who's Al? Is he that guy from Tool Time or does he run the Tree Top Tavern?

      --
      I drank what? -- Socrates
  25. Tags: Boycottrolland pigpail pigpile rollandsucks by CmdrPorno · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    See subject. Can we please revoke Rolland from Slashdot?

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  26. Old Technology by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I believe the first time I saw this software was about 8 years ago... The training system would create random scenarios.. Obviously the advancement of automation has allowed for a more intuitive testing, more directed training structure. Building on what each individual needs to work on is what testing is for in the first place.

    Is this a self promotion campaign with the software produced by others??

  27. Slashdot needs a clearer headlone font. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    My reading of the title made me ask myself, "Who the fuck is AL?"

  28. AI by Marvin01 · · Score: 1

    I would have thought he would be kept pretty busy with the Nuggets... I guess he needs something to do during the playoffs.

  29. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  30. Simulators are important by weinrich · · Score: 1

    This will not give you that much practical experience compared to being in a more traditional controlled test environment.

    The advantages of simulated training environments extend into the metaphysical realm by enabling capabilities unavailable to us in the real world: Repeatable scenarios with zero reset time and zero physical impact, multi-variable scenario configurations, visually replayable and multi-angle post motum analysis, time dialation and multiplication, etc.

    Simulators give trainees a chance to work on specific skills without having to go to the time, expense, and danger (in this case) of dealing with the real thing. I consider simulators to be the computer equivilant of the Universal equipment in the gym. Using only the Upper-Torso machine every day will not make someone physically fit, but it will still acomplish the goal: work a specific muscle group.

    Consider also the long-term impact Flight Simulators have had on the safety and preparedness of pilots in many areas of their daily job. An example could be an alarm that doesn't go off more than once every five years suddenly starts sounding in the cockpit at 35,000 for example, then they will have the advantage of at least going through the exercise in a simulator several times and it won't be a big surprise.

    --
    Error: .sig not found, using /etc/passwd instead
  31. Where is the AI exactly? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    What kind of AI is it? Is it rule-based AI, neural nets? You don't really need AI for physical simulations, and victim simulation may be able to be done with some basic probability rules. Rule-based AI is somethings not considered AI, harkening back to the 80's statement "Man, people are calling anything with IF statements 'Expert Systems'". I sense some possible hype here.

    1. Re:Where is the AI exactly? by sbenfield · · Score: 1

      The AI is actually based on a Multi-Agent solution. I saw a presentation of this firefighting system at an AI/Multi Agent conference last year (AMAAS). At a simple level, agents use BDI theory -- Beliefs, Desires, & Intents. The agents in this scenario not only create the and run the disaster scenario, but they also represent the resources in use. Each agent has a set of goals that it is trying to achieve and the system generates a set of plans for achieving those goals. Mix all these agents together and you begin to get some very complex emergent behavior. So in this system, it could alert the commander that perhaps they were trying to send squad a to place b without realizing that they can't see where they are going, or can't see what is happening on the other side of the building. these are very important things to know and be aware of when you are fighting a nontrivial fire in an dense urban setting. The advantage of agents is that they can take a set goals, plans, and rules and combine them during runtime to achieve goals. As conditions change, the agents react in realtime and reevaluate their goals and generate new plans for achievement. So in this system, I believe there are agents representing the firetrucks, the fireman, helecopters, victims, etc. What it was really helping train were the commanders who had to coordinate all these things. I don't recall many more specifics of the implementation for this system but it certainly got everyone's attention because of the 'coolness' factor.

  32. obligatory by Khashishi · · Score: 1

    In Soviet America, AI programs you!

  33. Re:Tags: Boycottrolland pigpail pigpile rollandsuc by CmdrPorno · · Score: 1

    Gee, I'm sorry if the above was "flamebait," but Slashdot really needs to stop accepting Rolland Piquepaille's submissions, as his only mission in life appears to be spamming Slashdot with story submissions. Really, if someone else submitted the same story, why would one or more Slashdot editors consistently choose Rolland's submission over someone else's?

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