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Old School Linux Remembered, Parts 0.02 & 0.03

eldavojohn writes "Following our last history lesson of Linux 0.01, the Kernel Trap is talking about the following announcements that would lead to one of the greatest operating systems today. A great Linus quote on release 0.02 (just 19 days after 0.01): 'I can (well, almost) hear you asking yourselves "why?". Hurd will be out in a year (or two, or next month, who knows), and I've already got minix. This is a program for hackers by a hacker. I've enjoyed [sic] doing it, and somebody might enjoy looking at it and even modifying it for their own needs. It is still small enough to understand, use and modify, and I'm looking forward to any comments you might have.'"

36 of 163 comments (clear)

  1. Never use a 1.0 Release by Crypto+Gnome · · Score: 4, Funny

    Of course, in this case it applies even more so.

    Never use a 0.01 Release, especially not in a production environment.

    --
    Visit CryptoGnome in his home.
  2. 15 years later... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    and the Hurd is still just around the corner. :(

    1. Re:15 years later... by QuantumG · · Score: 4, Insightful

      More ironic: the Linux kernel is slowly becoming a hybrid monolithic/micro-kernel.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    2. Re:15 years later... by Penguinisto · · Score: 5, Funny

      and the Hurd is still just around the corner. :(

      Yes, but will they port Duke Nukem' Forever to it?

      /P

      --
      Quo usque tandem abutere, Nimbus, patientia nostra?
    3. Re:15 years later... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Funny

      I made this post three years ago as a gag. The scary part is that it's still as relevant today as it was then...

    4. Re:15 years later... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      (this is the GPP)

      Great comment. Yeah, the Hurd and DNF basically had the same problem: they were great big-picture ideas, but actually implementing them turned into giant software development nightmares. In the Hurd's case, the main problem was that the GNU folks decided to base it on Mach. Then when Mach turned out to have major architectural problems, they moved on to L4. Progress on porting to L4 went slowly. But then, even that tack fell through as well, and so they became basically stuck as they are now. They're looking into several different microkernel bases - I think the one they're looking at now is called ?Coyote? Anyway, both DNF and the Hurd are sad tales of where concept doth not meet reality, and never the twain shall meet.

      We're drifting _way_ off-topic. Let's remember Linux now, the major kernel that started out as a hack. It still is, somewhat, (in terms of the way it's sort of in between Windows and the concept of the Hurd) but it's now one of the biggest server OSes on the planet.

      I shut up now.

    5. Re:15 years later... by jsse · · Score: 4, Funny

      More ironic: the Linux kernel is slowly becoming a hybrid monolithic/micro-kernel. Linux lost its status of being a micro-kernel since kernel 0.1, a mini-kernel; and since kernel 1.0.0, it has become a macro-kernel. Sad thing to see they work toward the wrong way of technology advancement.

      I'm in the progress of releasing a nano-kernel, kernel 0.000001, which could make me the coolest geek alive on earth.

      Excuse me while these two nice gentlemen tie me up on my bed with the nice long sleeves I wear.
    6. Re:15 years later... by Opportunist · · Score: 2, Funny

      I'm in the progress of releasing a nano-kernel, kernel 0.000001, which could make me the coolest geek alive on earth.

      Fine, but will it run Linux?

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    7. Re:15 years later... by Gazzonyx · · Score: 4, Funny

      and the Hurd is still just around the corner. :(

      Yes, but will they port Duke Nukem' Forever to it?

      /P

      Well, no... but it will kind of work under Wine-0.99.937.2777 on 3 or 4 AGP cards if you don't mind getting under the hood and, well... find a Slackware or Gentoo user.

      *Ducks*

      --

      If I mod you up, it doesn't necessarily mean I agree with what you've said, sorry.

    8. Re:15 years later... by byolinux · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It runs X. I was using GNU yesterday, browsing the web, wrote some email, sent some email, IRC, SSH...

      What more do you need?

  3. Great name by Joebert · · Score: 3, Funny

    Linus "finger me for more info" Torvalds


    Too bad his middle name isn't Connie.
    --
    Wanna fight ? Bend over, stick your head up your ass, and fight for air.
  4. Preservation by Enderandrew · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I'm glad simply for the sake of history and preservation they're making these articles. I read the LKML frequently even if I don't fully understand the mechanics for the how and why the kernel operate, but I like to pretend that I do. I find this stuff rather fascinating. It is also interesting to wonder how Linux became what it is today considering its roots.

    Linux today is a child of countless contributers, but it is still tied in name and perception very much to one man. I wonder if people think this is a good thing. I've often maintained that Linus is terse, but I've enjoyed that about him. If he rips into someone, I chuckle. But after this latest fiasco with Con and the schedulers, I'm wondering if this is a bad thing.

    --
    http://blindscribblings.com - Tasty pop-culture in conceptual fashion.
  5. Re:The earliest Linux Kernel I used was 0.99 by edsyc · · Score: 2, Funny

    I used to have many things stored across 34 floppies. I could never complete the install, though, because disk 33 was always corrupt.

  6. Still in development by jesterzog · · Score: 4, Interesting

    At least, it looks as if the Change Log is still being updated. (Click the link titled "ChangeLog in the main directory".)

  7. Wrong Logo by EmbeddedJanitor · · Score: 4, Funny

    This article should not have the Linux Tux logo. Tux only came much later. I suggest an egg or something.

    --
    Engineering is the art of compromise.
  8. terse? by QuantumG · · Score: 4, Interesting
    that's an understatement :)

    In other words, I'm right. I'm always right, but sometimes I'm more right
    than other times. And dammit, when I say "files don't matter", I'm really
    really Right(tm). Which is actually more funny than arrogant, so long as you know Linus' style.

    --
    How we know is more important than what we know.
  9. Point update? by thatskinnyguy · · Score: 3, Funny

    I can see he's gotten a little bit better at letting people adjust to the new Kernel point updates.

    --
    The game.
  10. Great quote by Linus by schmiddy · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I really enjoyed seeing the quote by Linus (this is a program for hackers by a hacker). He clearly never, ever, expected his little hobby project to catch on the way it did. Hope this gives hope and inspiration to all the OSS developers out there, scratching their own itches. Just looking back on the history of the software industry, it seems like so many tremendous ideas and businesses got started around a small hobby project by one or two smart guys: Google, Perl, Python, Linux, GNU, and so on. Remember that one man change history.

    --
    http://cltracker.net -- powerful craigslist multi-city search
    1. Re:Great quote by Linus by Comatose51 · · Score: 3, Insightful
      I've been reading "The Myth of Innovations" and "Black Swan". They're two books on different subjects but with a similar underlying theme: there's a great deal more randomness and unpredictability in this world than we like to admit. Things don't progress in a linear fashion but usually in parallel and in the form of a tree. Only in hindsight does it look linear because all the other branches have died out and been eliminated. This quote by Linus really illustrates this point. At that time, no one really knew what was going to happen to Linux. It could have gone in a million directions (forking in computer science terms).

      I think of the great advantages the OSS model has over closed source is that when these branches die out their work and whatever grain of usefulness/truth don't die with them. It's precisely the ability to fork and create another branch that allows OSS to really evolve and try out all the million possibilities. With closed source and an overly strict copyright scheme the overhead of trying those possibilities are too expensive. (regurgitating Yochai Benkler's "Wealth of the Network" here)

      --
      EvilCON - Made Famous by /.
  11. Debian by Verte · · Score: 3, Informative

    Thanks, I was going to say something similar. The Hurd doesn't have developers coming out of its ears like Linux does, but if you want to run it on your x86 machine, Debian have a distribution of it that works today.

    --
    We at slashdot are scientists, specialists and kernel hackers. Your FUD will be found out.
  12. Source... by TheRealMindChild · · Score: 2, Funny

    So where is the link to the source for these?

    --

    "When life gives you lemons, don't make lemonade. Make life take the lemons back!" -- Cave Johnson
  13. The Linux alternate history game... by Kadin2048 · · Score: 4, Informative

    I don't want to start the everlasting monolithic/microkernel flame war up again, but I think it's pretty clear that it's only the pace at which hardware has advanced in the last decade or so that has allowed Linux to continue monolithically.

    There's a lot to be said for the microkernel architecture, and if Moore's Law ever does start to level off, then I think we're going to see a move away from monolithic designs for good. It's just not practical to keep stuffing more features into a monolithic kernel if you're not constantly getting more and more memory to run it on, and only a very small body of users can be expected to ever compile their own. (True, you can always recompile a specialized version of a monolithic kernel, ripping out all the stuff you don't need, but this is a PITA and it only becomes harder as the thing gets bigger.)

    Along with probably most other Linux users, I've always wondered how things would be if Tanenbaum had released MINIX under a free license earlier in the game (Torvalds has said at several points that had MINIX been more free, he probably would have simply modified it, keeping its architecture, but since Tanenbaum had no interest in "turn[ing] MINIX in BSD UNIX" [1]...the rest, of course, is history.)

    Or perhaps more interestingly, what would have happened if a free version of BSD had been produced for low-end hardware just a little earlier than it actually was. (In reality, 386BSD came out in a working form in July 1992 [so sayeth Wikipedia], nine months after the first Linux release, and 4.4BSDLite didn't come out until '94 [2].) It seems to me that had "real UNIX" been available for low-end systems in the early 90s, much of the impetus to create a from-scratch clone would have disappeared. (Although, maybe not; perhaps the philosophical differences that drive Linux and the BSDs in different directions would have eventually caused a from-scratch rewrite.)

    Ultimately I don't think either alternative would really have brought us out at much of a different place than we are right now, at least from an end-user's perspective; the majority of users don't really care about kernels as such anyway. But it's always fun to play 'what-if,' as long as one keeps in mind that although it's easy to fixate on how things could be better, it could always be far, far worse.

    [1] Great archive of Torvalds / Tanenbaum Usenet discussions here. There's so much ego going on there, from both sides, ASCII text can barely contain it...
    [2] I'm partial to fellow Slashdotter connorbd's BSD History, which is a good primer.

    --
    "Ladies and gentlemen, my killbot features Lotus Notes and a machine gun. It is the finest available."
    1. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I think it's pretty clear that it's only the pace at which hardware has advanced in the last decade or so that has allowed Linux to continue monolithically.

      What'choo talking 'bout Willis? Over the past couple of years, Linux has been slowly evolving toward a hybrid kernel design. Between the common use of FUSE for powerful new file systems and the recent merging of user space driver support into the kernel, Linux is showing more and more Microkernel attributes every day.

      In a sense, Tanenbaum wasn't really wrong. It's just that like most researchers, he was ahead of his time. Facets of Microkernel technology have made their way into nearly every major operating system on the market today. From Windows to Mac OS X to Linux, hybrid kernel design is proving to be a valuable feature that every moden operating system should have.

      When it comes down to it, microkernels just make sense. It's in many ways simpler to develop than a monolithic kernel, and provides an easy-to-implement yet powerful firewall between the computer's subsystems. The catch is that early reseach ran into performance problems inherent in task switching on every system call. Hybrid kernels attempt to minimize that by designing around the monolithic "kernel space" vs. "user space" division already present in most OSes. Because the division already exists, the performance hit can be quite minimal for certain forms of application. (I haven't kept track to know if such performance has actually been achieved in any Linux hybrid code, so take a grain of salt with this.) Pure device drivers would still have performance problems due to the data bubbling up from the kernel rather than executing entirely in kernel space. Thus hybrid features are more useful for subsystems that already interact with userspace. (e.g. A new filesystem.)
    2. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by QuantumG · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Performance isn't really the most important thing.

      Stability and security are the big wins. With the Linux kernel both these things are less of a problem than with other systems because it is expected that everything you run is open for inspection and improvement (and if you run stuff that isn't, well, you're on your own). But now we have this other option. If you don't trust a driver, you should be able to run it in user space. If it crashes, well, restart it, no harm done (hopefully).. and you don't have to trust it with kernel access.

      That said, you're still giving this unknown code a lot of control over your system.. so don't get a false sense of security.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    3. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Informative

      Performance isn't really the most important thing.

      It's important in that performance was what killed the Microkernel. After Mach came up with such pitiful performance numbers, all the OS developers* who had been looking to embrace microkernel architecture ran the other way. At the time, the performance vs. security/stablity tradeoffs weren't worth it. Now with ultra-modern machines running on an insecure internet, things are *starting* to turn around. :-)

      * There were a few exceptions, of course. NeXT adopted Mach regardless of the performance issues. They spent a lot of time upgrading it into the hybrid XNU kernal. QNX was a microkernel because the guys who wrote it were very clever and didn't know any better. NT shows the basic design concepts behind a microkernel, but all the servers ended up getting shoved into kernel space for performance. So NT just barely scrapes by as a hybrid.
    4. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by ozmanjusri · · Score: 4, Interesting
      It seems to me that had "real UNIX" been available for low-end systems in the early 90s

      Amiga Unix was available in 1990, a time when Amigas were still selling well. Despite being one of the better Unixes of the time, it didn't set the marketplace alight.

      --
      "I've got more toys than Teruhisa Kitahara."
    5. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by RiffRafff · · Score: 2, Funny

      "Even in 1990 the market for usability disasters was just not that big."

      Then please explain Windows 3.0.

      --
      "I might have made a tactical error in not going to a physician for 20 years." -- Warren Zevon
  14. A post by Bill Gates by kbob88 · · Score: 5, Funny
    Ran across this old post from some of my newsgroup archives:

    From: William Gates [email blocked]
    Subject: Costly kernel for IBM PC
    Newsgroups: comp.os.cpm
    Date: 5 Oct 81 05:41:06 GMT

    William Henry Gates III

    Do you pine for the nice days of CP/M-1.1, when men were men and wrote
    their own device drivers? Do you have too much money in your pocket? Are
    you much too free to do what you want with your computer? Are you
    finding it frustrating when everything works on CP/M? No more rebooting your
    computer every 10 minutes? Then this post might be just
    for you :-)

    As I mentioned a month(?) ago, I've purchased a version of QDOS for a song
    and I'm busy cocking it up and I'm going to sell it to IBM (suckers) for their
    new PC. It has finally reached the stage where it's completely unstable and
    most of the cooler things in CP/M have been removed.
    I am willing to put out the binaries, for a price, for wider distribution. It is
    just version 0.02 (+1 (very small) patch already), but I've successfully
    run BASIC/lunar-lander/COMMAND.COM etc under it (oh boy!).

    Sources for this pet project of mine are all mine mine mine! Unless you talk
    to Tim Paterson from SCP. Full kernel source is most definitely not provided, as
    I have swiped a lot of code from CP/M and QDOS, and anywhere else I could find it.
    The system is able to compile "as-is" on alternating Tuesdays and when the moon is
    full or on a spring tide, and has been known to work. At least once. Heh.
    Sources are locked away in my underground lair, I mean a shack I just bought in a
    small town in Washington called Redmond.

    I can (well, almost) hear you asking yourselves "why?". The Amiga will be
    out in a year (or two, or next month, who knows), and I've already got
    CP/M and the Apple ][. Well, this is a program for business people by a businessman.
    It's been real work and I expect to get paid for it!
    Plus hackers and students can't really create anything worthwhile.
    I'm going to hire really smart kids who don't know jack about computers
    and give them a lot of stock options. It won't matter if they create shit.
    We'll market the crap out of this thing! Once I get the hardware vendors to bundle it,
    we're golden! It is the beginning of my plan to dominate the world!
    Muwhahahaha! If you have any comments, please direct them to the guy
    over there holding the chair in a threatening manner.

    I'm also interested in hearing from anybody who has written any of the
    utilities/library functions for CP/M. I'd like to steal them, I mean embrace/extend/extinguish,
    I mean purchase them for a song, so I can add them to the system. If you
    send it me, it becomes mine! And I'll patent it! Drop me
    a line if you are willing to let me use your code.

                                    Bill

    PS. to STEVE BALLMER! I'm unable to get through to you, and keep getting
    "forward error - hermanmiller unknown domain" or something. I think I've got
    a job for you.

    PPS. to the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto -- I'm going to bury you guys!
  15. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by Urza9814 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Oh yea. 1.0, 3.1, 95, 98, 2000, ME, XP, Vista...real coherent scheme there. Goes from small decimal numbers to large two digit numbers to four digit numbers to two letters to words.

    As for Linux being unstable...dude, have you ever even seriously used Linux? Hell, if you don't fuck with it, it'll run for YEARS. Funny story - Freenet, with default configuration, crashes Windows XP on my computer in under half an hour. Not even kidding. Just murders the bitch. Now take the exact same program (It's Java), put it on Linux, runs fine. Runs for weeks without a problem. Remove the bandwidth caps, change max allowed connections from 200 to 750, increase the data store size by 40 gigs, and remove the limits on allowed known routing nodes...and it still runs fine. for weeks. Windoze would die in under 10 minutes from the load my Linux box idles on.

  16. Re:It's too bad about teh Lunix by Target+Practice · · Score: 3, Funny

    And I can tell you ARE experienced thanks to your incorrect usage of "its" and "your".

    --
    There's a 68.71% chance you're right.
  17. OK, be honest... how many of you tried it? by iroll · · Score: 5, Funny
    You can mail me for more info. "finger torvalds at kruuna.helsinki.fi"
    might tell you something too.

    computer:~ iroll$ finger torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi
    [kruuna.helsinki.fi]
      [Your machine computer.ph.ph.cox.net does not run identd]
    [(retval = -1, errno = 145). Please ask your manager to set it up.]
    Login name: torvalds In real life: Linus Torvalds
    Directory: /h/9/tkol/torvalds Shell: /bin/tcsh
    Never logged in.
    Mail last read Sat Feb 1 15:12:10 2003
    No Plan.
     
    Login name: Xtorvald In real life: Linus Benedict Torvalds
    Directory: /h/3/tkol/torvalds Shell: /bin/tcsh
    Never logged in.
    No unread mail
    No Plan.
    computer:~ iroll$
    All it tells me is that he hasn't checked his email in 4 and a half years :P

    --
    Repetition does not transform a lie into the truth. - FDR
  18. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by moosesocks · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Sounds more like a problem with Freenet, which most people seem to have a problem with getting to work properly.

    Likewise, I wouldn't use Java performance as a good indicator of anything, because I mean.... let's be honest here... it's java. There are one or two good java applications out there, but for the most part, it just plain sucks.

    --
    -- If you try to fail and succeed, which have you done? - Uli's moose
  19. Gets me thiking about the media by Tama00 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    As i read all these articles on the net and from slashdot that compare Linux to Windows in such a way that Linux's aim is to steal market share from Windows. I also read in forums all the time, "Linux needs the marketshare so that software publishes will release Games/Photoshop etc on Linux then it will destroy microsoft" and i always say, "The aim of Linux WAS NEVER destroy Microsoft Windows market share." I used to always quote GNU from their site that said something like, "to create a completely open source operation system" Note the words open source which is not commerical programs

    But now heres proof, right and it should be really noted. Linux was created by the developer for the developer. Its not developed to take out microsoft windows. Linux does not want commerical programs and Linux does not care for market share. There are no shareholders for Linux, no one is crushed if you dont use Linux or if you dont like it. So stop writing reviews that say "Linux will defeat microsoft if it had X and Y" because as a developer or Linux i dont care what you think, as long as it stays good enough to be my desktop OS.

  20. Linux in the early 90's by jbolden · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I was a Unix user in the early 90's and following the 386BSD saga closely. It was much more well known among the Unix community, but no one was getting it to work. The home unix of choice is one that almost never gets mentioned Coherent, and business Unix was Xenix and later SCO. The Linux community had a focus on working with existing hardware and a focus on being usable by non Unix people since the days of the Corsair project.

    The idea that the 9 months made the difference is simple BS. Much as the FreeBSD people like to claim otherwise it was strategic choices made by the BSD camp all throughout the 90s (like focusing on reliability over functionality) that drove Linux's popularity.

  21. Re:Had it not been Minix.. by Ant+P. · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Had it not been for Minix, nobody would be offended enough to create something better.

  22. Perhaps the dumbest question I've asked here... by amccaf1 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I've enjoyed [sic] doing it,


    Can anyone tell me why there is a "[sic]" in that above quote? There don't seem to be any spelling/grammatical mistakes in the sentence.
    --
    "Flag on the moon. How did it get there?"