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Watermarking to Replace DRM?

An anonymous reader writes "News.com has an article on the announcement of Microsoft and Universal to introduce watermarking technology into audio files. The technology could serve several purposes including tracking file sharing statistics and inserting advertisements into audio tracks. The article goes on to suggest that watermarking could possibly replace DRM in the near future."

28 of 365 comments (clear)

  1. Won't help by saibot834 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    People will find ways to remove those watermarks. The only impact will be on the people who still buy the stuff; those who share it online won't have any problems.

    1. Re:Won't help by digitig · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Exactly. They've been trying to watermark audio media for as long as I can remember. Either it doesn't affect the audio, in which case whatever reads the audio can re-write it without the watermark, or it does affect audio, in which case, well, it affects audio.

      --
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    2. Re:Won't help by nyctopterus · · Score: 5, Insightful

      ... and the impact on those that buy the stuff? Pretty minimal I'd say, if they aren't planning to share it. Watermarking is so much better than DRM.

    3. Re:Won't help by baadger · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This is true, the only way to make a watermark that can't be removed easily from video for example is to imprint a visible watermark directly onto your video frames, anything subtle such as using Steganography probably isn't going to make it through a re-encode due to the lossy nature. The same I would imagine will apply to audio.

    4. Re:Won't help by daeg · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Actually, some forms of water marking can survive some reprocessing. However, I am not aware of any watermarking techniques that can survive multiple passes. Even more dangerous yet to watermarking is combining two or more files. For instance, if your friend bought the same track as you did, new software could digitally combine the two files, filtering out any differences. Some bits would probably remain from the watermark, for example, if time 0:01 through 0:02 had the recording artist's name embedded, it would be identical between both tracks. The software could even take a more aggressive approach and simply drop frames or drop partial seconds of audio to remove suspicious data altogether.

      Watermarking isn't good in my view, even compared to DRM. There will still be legal restrictions on what you can do. You won't be legally allowed to do ANYTHING to the file except play it. You could even be legally responsible if a virus happened to alter the file.

      This won't affect pirates. It won't affect file sharers. It only hurts the consumer and hurts everyone in the long run.

    5. Re:Won't help by WPIDalamar · · Score: 4, Interesting

      And there's certainly no watermarking that isn't noticeable that can't deliberately be removed.

      I assume "They" want to catch the sophisticated pirates distributing tons of material, not the unsophisticated share-1-song with a friend people. Oh wait... that would make sense in a sane world.

    6. Re:Won't help by dc29A · · Score: 4, Insightful

      It will be difficult to remove watermarks without destroying the original content.. watermarks are very advanced these days...

      Its VERY easy to remove watermarks, no matter how sophisticated. Don't believe me? Take two or more originals, uncompress the format, compare the difference, null the offending part, and re-encode.

      This cat-mouse game will continue until the end of time. I don't think it's that easy. Mp3 is already lossy, once decompressed and re-encoded to compare with a watermarked version, it will lose quality and the binary information will be different so comparing won't be easy at all.

      Even if you have the original CD, and you rip the track from it, encode it into the exact Mp3 format (same bitrate and all) as the watermarked one, what guarantees that iTunes used the same disc to encode it? What guarantees that iTunes rip the same exact way as you? Nothing, so the Mp3 file will be different even if encoded with same parameters.
    7. Re:Won't help by encoderer · · Score: 4, Interesting

      "You could even be legally responsible if a virus happened to alter the file"

      I love the smell of FUD in the morning...

      Seriously. Watermarks are progress. You disagree, that's fine, but lets debate it on its merits and not base our opinions on fear-mongering and FUD.

    8. Re:Won't help by ion++ · · Score: 4, Interesting

      i think the hole point of watermarking is that you can not detect it, meaning you can not remove it by rewritting it. And neither by converting to analog and recording it again.

      Should you succed in detecting one watermark, who says that they have not many watermarks in the sound? Can you prove that you have removed ALL watermarks from a file?

      A sound file might be small enough for just having a few watermarks, but a movie should be big enough for each file to have several watermarks in it. Happy sharing.

    9. Re:Won't help by Firehed · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Absolutely. The people ripping and uploading are doing it with pre-release CDs, not with their latest iTunes that they burned and ripped. I'll buy music if I can play it wherever I like, and watermarking doesn't stop me from doing that. It conceptually deters piracy since your name is attached, but doesn't lock things down to prevent it and stop people from legitimately using their purchases. Everyone has a valid reason to worry about DRM; only people who are doing things that (theoretically) harm profits by uploading might worry about the watermarking.

      --
      How are sites slashdotted when nobody reads TFAs?
    10. Re:Won't help by Zero_DgZ · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The MP3 is already different from the original CD track by definition. It's lossy compression. Those of us who aren't FLAC monkeys (dear god, I've been waiting to use that turn of phrase for about three years) tend not to be bothered so much if there's a slight change in the "true" audio data as long as it still sounds good - or at least tolerably so. Any tiny generational change imparted by removing the watermark is unlikely to faze most media pirates. These are people who rip out or recompress the music and movie files in games so they can fit them into Usenet posts, vise MP3's down to 92 kbps so they can share them en masse on Limewire, compress the hell out of dual layer DVD movies with DivX so they'll fit on a single CD-R, and so forth.

    11. Re:Won't help by marcello_dl · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Hmmmm what if pirates get multiple copies of an mp3? they examine the differences between the files, minimally alter all the places where the differences occur (i.e. making the average of the sound when in phase), or even worse make an audio collage of the song from watermarked mp3s stolen from unprotected computers so it includes marks from multiple owners.

      --
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  2. Merge the files by LiquidCoooled · · Score: 5, Funny

    Firstly, there is nothing wrong with Watermarking and steganography.
    its just a way of hiding information.
    reading up on it says nothing bad.
    Situations may arise when it will be used incorrectly.
    To be certain though we should filter out the bad stuff.

    Perhaps a better way would be doing nothing.
    or maybe we can filter them out
    Suppose we find multiple files and merge them.
    That would work wouldn't it?

    --
    liqbase :: faster than paper
    1. Re:Merge the files by DaveCar · · Score: 4, Funny


      Shame you spent so long working on your acrostic that you missed the 1st post ;)

      Next time I suggest your starting point be "Eighth Post"

  3. Same as with DRM by JosefAssad · · Score: 4, Informative
    Instead, the data is inserted into the audio track itself. It's inaudible to human ears, but detectible by various other tools.

    Which is precisely why it won't work. What one tool can detect, another can circumvent.

    Oh, and it's detectable and not detectible. Don't know what moron at news.com.com hired Taco...

    This message is brought to you by the Bureau of Massively Distributed Peer Review, Department of Free Culture.

  4. Tired of advertising by PsychoSlashDot · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Maybe I'm the only one, but I've reached a saturation point regarding advertising. It now makes me react strongly negatively. I fully expect any day now companies will start tattooing adverts on the inside of babies' eyelids.

    We live in a world of massive information-availability. A consumer who wishes to consume is equipped to find the "best" product for the job, and often will. Brand-recognition is a weakening force and it's high time we stop polluting our senses with invasive advertising.

    --
    "Oh no... he found the .sig setting."
  5. Re:Just What We Need... by Scutter · · Score: 4, Informative

    You have absolutely no fscking idea what you're talking about, do you? ... It has absolutely nothing to do with advertising whatsoever.

    I'm guessing that he actually read the article.

    FTFA:
    Activated Content hasn't explained exactly how it'll use the Microsoft technology, but the company's Web site promotes a very interesting service called ActiveNow. The idea: whenever a watermarked file is played on an ActiveNow-enabled device, the service could dynamically insert some sort of advertising--presumably audio, but perhaps video or text depending on the device being used.

    Douchebag.

    --

    "Tell me doctor, with all of your defenses, are there any provisions for an attack by killer bees?"
  6. A double-edged sword... by Max+Romantschuk · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The good news: Watermarking does not restrict the freedom of personal use and transferring from one device to another. If this could make online music shopping truly feasible I'd prefer it over DRM. I want to do whatever I like with the media I buy.

    But the question is how the media companies will use this newfound power... I support the idea of companies having the option to trace leaks, but this could make it possible to determine exactly who shared the 500 000 copies present of Band X's single Y on P2P network Z. Ensue more lawsuits?

    --
    .: Max Romantschuk :: http://max.romantschuk.fi/
  7. Still a reason not to buy by Christian+Engstrom · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Congratulations, record companies, for coming up with yet another reason not to buy your products. To a consumer that is toying with the idea of buying a song rather than downloading it for free, watermarking could potentially be an even larger disincentive than DRM.

    • DRM: If you buy this song, you run the risk that you won't be able to play it on the hardware that you have now or will have in the future. Total risk exposure: 99 cent
    • Watermarking: If you buy this song, you run the risk that it somehow ends up on the filesharing networks with your name written all over it, and you get sued to smithereens by the RIAA. Total risk exposure: a gazillion dollars
    Why would consumers find this so much more attractive?
    --
    Christian Engström, Former Member of the European Parliament 2009-2014 for The Pirate Party, Sweden
    1. Re:Still a reason not to buy by Belacgod · · Score: 4, Informative
      RTFA. The watermark doesn't identify the name of the downloader, just which CD the song was ripped from. They sample from the P2P stream and see which of their CDs are getting pirated the most.

      It's drafting us for market research, not preparations for lawsuits.

  8. Great idea if properly implemented...it won't be by aurispector · · Score: 4, Interesting

    If you use the watermark to trigger a banner ad on a player, it could convince the RIAA that there is an ad-revenue stream and cause them to drop the DRM and lawsuits.

    Unfortunately it will be used to connect specific downloads to individuals allowing the RIAA to target their lawsuits more accurately. It will still be as impossible to prove in court but will drive an even deeper wedge between the RIAA and reality.

    The only way the RIAA will stop suing is when someone wins a countersuit big enough to affect the bottom line of the corporations supporting them.

    --
    I have mod points. The reign of terror begins now.
  9. Can be removed LEGALLY by mi · · Score: 5, Interesting

    The DMCA makes it illegal (or legally difficult) to remove DRM. But any watermarking and advertising is fair game...

    --
    In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
  10. Watermarking pretends people have control. by Futurepower(R) · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Also, watermarking pretends that people have control over their files. Millions of people whose computers that are controlled remotely in botnets don't.

    There are numerous other ways files are moved around. If you take your computer in for repair, it is possible the repair person will copy any files he or she wants.

  11. Re:Ideas!! by Belacgod · · Score: 4, Insightful

    2: No they won't. If they don't complain about the quality of MP3 relative to uncompressed, and can't tell the difference between the different bitrates, they won't complain about something more subtle. I know some people on here can and do the above, but those are a small minority in the world at large.

  12. What about the techniques used in CDMA? by DFJA · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I don't whether this has ever been tried with audio files, but the techniques used in CDMA radio communications might work here. Essentially, you would need to add a small amount of noise to the audio signal, however it's not true random noise and can be decoded to reveal a signature, or watermark. If you combine two files with different 'noise' signatures, then both signatures can still be extracted with a high probability of a correct result. Only as you combine a large number of similar files does the probability of correctly decoding the signatures of the components decrease. However by that time, you've added a large amount of noise to the audio file and it will probably sound bad anyway, so no-one will want to download it.

    The downside is that by definition the noise you add has to be audible. Note that for a long time audio cassettes sold very well despite their awful noise characteristics, so this may be acceptable to all but the strictest of audiophiles.

    --
    43 - For those who require slightly more than the answer to life, the universe and everything.
  13. Re:Great idea if properly implemented...it won't b by kimvette · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Unfortunately it will be used to connect specific downloads to individuals allowing the RIAA to target their lawsuits more accurately. It will still be as impossible to prove in court but will drive an even deeper wedge between the RIAA and reality.


    Quite correct. If you buy Hillary Duff's latest single today, and are sick of it in two weeks, and decide to sell that MP3 to someone who isn't yet sick to death of hearing about her crap, and then that buyer uploads it to all the P2P networks (I'm still trying to figure out who the hell is buying her crap in the first place but bear with me) the RIAA would go after you. They'd insist that in addition to not having Fair Use, you do not have the Right of First Sale. It SHOULD be simple to squelch their argument but unfortunately they have deep pockets with which to buy the courts.

    But: that is where watermarking can be harmful. If you buy an MP3 and resell it legally (destroying all copies you have) you're LEGALLY in the clear, or if you purchase it as a gift (and again, destroying all copies you have) the "evidence" would point back at you, but the evidence really isn't proof of ANYTHING in this case. It's like a crime having happened in a subway with no witnesses, and you get charged because your fingerprints happen to be on one of the handrails. That fingerprint is simply evidence that you were there sometime in the past, not that you had anything to do with the incident.
    --
    The Christian Right is Neither (Christian nor right). See: Matthew 23, Matthew 25, Ezekiel 16:48-50
  14. A better idea... by KingSkippus · · Score: 4, Informative

    I posted a comment at news.com with basically the same idea.

    If the bits and bytes can be adjusted in an undetectable manner to put a watermark on, say, an audio or video file, why can't someone just come along after and adjust the bits and bytes again in some random manner to effectively erase the watermark? I mean, if they can't read the bits and bytes that they put on the media because they've been altered, they wouldn't be able to track it, and the watermark would pretty effectively be broken.

    It just seems to me that although having a bit-for-bit identical copy of the original would be nice, they've already altered it so that we can't get that. Altering it a bit more (no pun intended) wouldn't really be harmful, and it would still meet the end goal of distributing the media untraceably.

    But you're right, another option would be to have two (three? four?) accounts get multiple copies of the same file and do a bit-by-bit comparison, either averaging the differences or picking from one of the two copies at random. If you have multiple copies, you might even be able to derive a highly probable copy of the original.

  15. Re:Will Help by h4rm0ny · · Score: 4, Insightful


    Watermarking is quite frankly fantastic. If these companies are moving to watermarking instead of DRM then more power to their balance books! I'm not interested in downloading music or movies. I want to buy them. DRM stops me doing that and from getting the product that I want. Watermarking doesn't stop me from doing anything I'm legitimately allowed to do so if it satisfies their requirements to go and catch people who do make illegitimate copies, then I would very much like them to use Watermarking. Hopefully it will lead to more products that I can buy online.

    --

    Aide-toi, le Ciel t'aidera - Jeanne D'Arc.