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Could An ExtraTerrestrial Find Earth with a Telescope?

Active Seti writes "If aliens were hunting life outside their own planet, could they peer through the vastness of space and lock onto Earth as a likely home for life? Researchers say with a roughly Hubble-sized array observers could measure Earth's 24-hour rotation period, possibly leading to observations of oceans and the chance of life. 'They would only be able to see Earth as a single pixel, rather than resolving it to take a picture,' said Astronomer Eric Ford. 'But that could be enough for them to identify our planet as one that likely contains clouds and oceans of liquid water.' The research will be useful to astronomers designing the next generation of space telescopes on our planet, because it provides an outline of the capabilities required for studying the surfaces of Earth-like worlds."

30 of 179 comments (clear)

  1. I've got an idea by ILuvRamen · · Score: 4, Funny

    We should totally arrange some stars into a smiley face or big arrow pointing at us then (yes I know that would only look right from certain angles, it's a joke). But you've got to wonder why some other super advanced civilization didn't move some stars around to circle themselves or something and make it really obvious where they lived.

    --
    Google's Super Secret Search Algorithm: SELECT @search_results FROM internet WHERE @search_results = 'good'
    1. Re:I've got an idea by edwardpickman · · Score: 4, Funny

      They probably did it's just their smiley face has five eyes and no mouth. The stars spelling out "We Are Here" are tough to read given the language differences and they use a pentagon to point instead of an arrow given they never developed archery. Celapods have trouble with bows. There is hope of translating the "Free Beer" part of the sign if we can only figure out the translation for beer. We do know there's an exclamation mark like symbol at the end of what's thought to be the word Beer. We know it as Orion's Belt.

    2. Re:I've got an idea by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Interesting

      But you've got to wonder why some other super advanced civilization didn't move some stars around to circle themselves or something and make it really obvious where they lived.

      Impracticality? I mean, moving a star takes a tremendous amount of energy. Either that, or a massive gravitational mass that can be moved through more conventional means. (One of the drawbacks of stars is that you can't exactly setup thrusters on the surface of a flaming, gaseous body.) If they were even close to such technology, it would actually be easier to send out explorers than to muck around with the position of stars.

      Assuming that such a civilization could even exist. Which is (unfortunately) somewhat doubtful. Everything we know so far suggests that life is exceedingly rare in the universe. Rare enough to make it difficult to find another civilization that used to exist, much less one that you can actually contact. (Don't even get me started on the incredible time scales by which the older civilization would be long dead before we could even see each other.)
    3. Re:I've got an idea by ILuvRamen · · Score: 2, Insightful

      well then they're dumb cuz just looking at the galaxy, it's not that hard to come up with a formation that would look incredibly unnatural. Like groups of stars forming the first couple prime numbers or a giant perfect circle that are 1/100 of a lightyear apart. Or even just a simple line of them spaced really close to each other and perfectly equidistant.

      --
      Google's Super Secret Search Algorithm: SELECT @search_results FROM internet WHERE @search_results = 'good'
    4. Re:I've got an idea by LynnwoodRooster · · Score: 3, Funny

      Well then, screw them... I mean, if they aren't going to follow the stinking RFC standards about smilies and emoticons then why do we even want their standards-breaking butts here anyway?

      --
      Browsing at +1 - no ACs, I ignore their posts. So refreshing!
    5. Re:I've got an idea by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Um, they told you that in bible school, right?

      No, basic scientific principles told me this. While the Drake Equation is not accepted by all scientists as a valid computation, the Fermi Paradox is still a difficult problem to solve.

      We are not so special. There are 10^21 stars out there - there must be many civilizations out there.

      To throw an equally unfounded accusation back at you, you're a fan of Carl Sagan, right?

      Let me put this in simple terms: The size of the universe is known to be at least 93 billion light years across, and is estimated to be ~13.7 billion years old. In a universe that big and that old, there is a strong chance that any other civilization(s) that may have formed are extremely far apart from one another. So far apart that there is a good chance that the civilization(s) will "miss" each other's existence.

      Like it or not, if there was a civilization coexisting in our neck of our galaxy, we'd have some inkling of it already. Unnatural radio transmissions would stand out against the background radiation and give us a sense that another civilization is there. We have been scanning the skies with powerful equipment and so far have come up with little to no evidence of such transmissions.

      The long and short of it is that from what we know today, there's an infinitesimal chance that we humans will ever meet another civilization. The best we can hope for is that we find planets that support more basic forms of life.
    6. Re:I've got an idea by esper · · Score: 2, Informative

      It's only been about 100 years since Marconi invented the radiotelegraph. Even if we assume that they would be 100% certain to pick up any signal we've sent, no matter how weak, and that they would be 100% able to recognize it as carrying meaning, any civilization more than 100 light years or so away would still have no inkling of our existence based on unnatural radio transmissions. A 100 light year sphere is a pretty small chunk of space compared to the rest of our galaxy. Much too small of a chunk to draw strong conclusions from, IMO.

    7. Re:I've got an idea by sweet_petunias_full_ · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The other way to look at this is that it would take 100 years for signals emitted from within this (mostly empty) 100 light-year sphere to get here.

      If we extend it to 1000 LY in order to increase our chances, that means that any signal we get now is from a civilization 1000 years ago -- which is now 1000 years more advanced than when they sent that signal. Assuming they will receive /our/ signals in 1000 years, that gives us about 2000 to evacuate and go mum before we would expect their 1000-year advanced disintegrator ray to hit these coordinates. :)

      To sum up, either we have to be really, really lucky to find aliens "nearby" who haven't figured out how to stay quiet, or, the aliens are so far away that we might be luckiest if they don't find us.

      --
      You can't send a takedown notice to an already printed newspaper.
    8. Re:I've got an idea by RAMMS+EIN · · Score: 3, Insightful

      ``Sometimes I think the surest sign that intelligent life exists elsewhere in
      the universe is that none of it has tried to contact us.''

      --
      Please correct me if I got my facts wrong.
    9. Re:I've got an idea by ring-eldest · · Score: 2, Insightful

      We have been scanning the skies with powerful equipment and so far have come up with little to no evidence of such transmissions.


      This is an ignorant argument http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Perhaps radio communication is not as ubiquitous as we believe it to be.
    10. Re:I've got an idea by thief_inc · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If we assume that there are 1000's or even millions of civilizations out there at different stages of development and a different distances from the earth we should receive transmissions eventually. Follow me for a second.
      Imagine a civ that is on a parallel development track as us but they are 2000 LY(light years) from us. We won't receive their transmissions for another 2000 years. They would have to be 2000 years ahead of for us to receive their transmissions. If the universe does support a variety of civilizations we should eventually receive a transmission sometime of the course of a 100 year period. Also even if there are civilizations a million years more advanced than us as long as they are a million light years away we would have received their transmissions. Of course we are kind of threading the needle here but if the universe is abundant in life forms than we should have transmissions from somewhere by now or at least in the next 100 years or so.

      If we don't find a transmission in my lifetime I will have to come to the conclusion that life is in fact rare in the universe. And if there is other civilizations out there they are so rare that it may be many 1000's if not millions of years before we make contact, if ever we just may miss each other in the end.

      --
      "To Err is Human To Forgive is Divine neither of which is Marine Corp Policy"-My SNCOIC
    11. Re:I've got an idea by Xonstantine · · Score: 2, Interesting

      This is an ignorant argument Actually, not it isn't.

      Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Um, yeah it is. Particularly when you are looking for evidence. Said another way, your argument can be applied to argue that there might be invisible pink elephants flying overhead. Which is to say, it's useless and not an argument at all.

      There are a couple of solutions to the lack of evidence problem, but the most probable one is that there simply is not technological life besides us within our visible light cone. Like another poster said, the Fermi paradox is basically insurmountable. If there was advanced technological life in the galaxy, they would be here (and everywhere else) by now. The fact that they aren't strongly suggests that we're it.
    12. Re:I've got an idea by jc42 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Typical radio transmissions virtually disappear well short of a single light year. And by "virtually" I mean our own giant radio antennas wouldn't hear them.

      Not true at all. Back in 1978, Science published an article on the topic. Its title was "Eavesdropping: The Radio Signature of the Earth". If you're not a subscriber, you can find several copies of it online, as well as several other articles that cite it and do further analysis. The authors studied what could be learned about our planet by an astronomer with our level of technology (as of 1978) living on a planet within the sphere of roughly 50 light-years that our broadcasts had reached. They assumed that no program content could be deciphered by the remote astronomer, and only the Earth's changing spectrum over time could be measured.

      Their conclusions were fairly impressive. They started by explaining the nature of the received signals, and how those could be used to determine our planet's orbit, its day length, the orbit of our large moon, and the rough temperature zone in which we live.

      They went on to point out that our radio broadcasts are mostly done with hardware that puts its energy into a narrow frequency band, and mostly horizontal to the surface, so that from a remote viewpoint each broadcast station would appear briefly and fade. That is, the radio spectrum received from the Earth would come mostly from the limb, and not from the disk. This could be used to draw a map of the broadcast stations. The Doppler shift of each station as it appears 12 hours apart on opposite sides would give the station's latitude, the time would give its longitude. The resulting distribution would show that there are two different kinds of surface on our planet, and we live mostly on one of them (and mostly along the boundaries). Knowing the planet's temperature zone would tell the astronomers that we're on a water world, and our stations are on land.

      As the stations' frequencies drift over the year, it would become clear that we are diurnal, and also active during the evening, but not active between midnight and dawn. Further analysis of the signals would show the use of several different kinds of hardware, and these are distributed in patches over the planet. This shows our ability to organize on a large scale, but not on a planetary scale. The use of the same broadcast hardware in different areas would show our ability to form distant alliances between our "nations".

      Anyway, the article was an interesting illustration of what our broadcasts have been telling to any distant astronomers with technology as good as ours. They left it to the readers' imagination what could be deduced by more advanced astronomers. And, of course, our signals have propagated another 30 light years since then.

      --
      Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.
  2. Too many assumptions? by RobertM1968 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The article makes a lot of assumptions such as:
    (1) Life on other planets has the same requirements for existence as us (Class M
            planet, water, air like ours, gravity like ours, etc)
    (2) Extra-terrestrials will be using technology similar to ours (as opposed to more advanced tech)
    (3) (Basing off #1 being true as they did) there are planets suitable for life such as ours that
            we haven't yet discovered that are looking in our direction.

    1. Re:Too many assumptions? by Liquidrage · · Score: 4, Informative

      There's a lot to that discussion. We tend to assume that the laws of physics will work pretty much all over the galaxy. And in places where our current understandings break down, life isn't likely to exist (black holes, Planck scales, etc...).

      Given this assumption, there aren't a lot of options for different types of life. The chemistry just doesn't work. Biology is chemistry, chemistry is physics, and physics is mathematics. It basically puts in some ground rules for life. There's a decent little wiki on this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_biochemistry

      As you can see in that wiki (there are pro's and con's for each of the alternates), based on our understanding life either does need most of the same things we do, or at least our biochemistry should be the most common in the universe. The math just makes it that way. There are some variables sure. And some alternatives. But for the most part, looking for stuff life us seems to most likely scenario.

      Now, given this, #1 and #2 should fall somewhat in line with what they're thinking. Sure, the minutia of evolution could lead to exotic live from our perspective. Something other then DNA based life even. But they (the aliens) should still come up with e=mc And their biochemistry should, at least, be something comparable to ours.

  3. oxygen, man by Quadraginta · · Score: 4, Informative

    Phoo, once you've detected O2 in the atmosphere, you're done. Only life could produce that much free oxidizer in a strongly reducing universe.

  4. This assumes..... by ezratrumpet · · Score: 2, Insightful

    ........that aliens see things the same way we do. What if they "hear" on the same spectrum that we "see"? We could what-if this to death, but it's important to remember that listening might be just as important as looking, and not just for SETI.

    1. Re:This assumes..... by danilo.moret · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If they "hear" on the same spectrum that we "see" then just change the words, because to us they "see" but call it "hear". These words just label our senses, they don't define them. We label one way the sensors set to receive the "visible light" electromagnetic spectrum, they label it different. Big deal.

      Unless the label change also implies that the "audible electromagnetic spectrum sensors" don't dominate their senses as ours, it hardly matters what label gets used.

      --
      ^[:wq!
  5. A Space Ship to Visit the Space Alien by reporter · · Score: 2, Interesting
    A space alien peering at us is a quaint idea. What does his ogling us accomplish? He can never reach the earth, and we cannot reach him in that neighboring galaxy.

    If we really want to explore the stars, we must focus on high-risk projects that bust the fundamental notions of science. One such project is the hyperdrive. Burkhardt Heim developed a unique (almost incomprehensible) field of physics. If he is right, then we can build a space ship to visit the space alien peering at us.

    Note that one deduction from Heim's work is a formula for calculating the mass of fundamental particles. The formula has been subjected to review by esteemed physicists and is 100% accurate. Could the hyperdrive be another valid consequence of Heim's work? The possibilities are quite tantalizing.

    "To boldly go where no one has gone before ..."

    1. Re:A Space Ship to Visit the Space Alien by Free_Meson · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The kind of "visit" an alien intelligence would pay us would be most unwelcome.

      No civilization is crossing the vast emptiness of space for any reason other than settlement. The investment of resources required for such a journey would be too massive to be undertaken for any other reason.

  6. Do we want to be found? by brassman · · Score: 3, Insightful

    "Yet across the gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us."

    --
    "Ain't no right way to do a wrong thing."
  7. And then there is the possibility by elgee · · Score: 5, Interesting

    That ET will find us with a microscope.

  8. Lightspeed is slow by GeneralCC · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Well, if extraterrestrials were able to see earth using electromagnetic radiation (ie light, radio waves, ect) depending on their distance they would not see a modern earth. If they were over 5 billion light years away then if they looked at this solar system the Sun and the Earth would just be forming. This is because light speed is too slow. By the time the light reaches the extraterrestrials a large amount of time would have passed. They would have to use something other than a telescope to see a modern life sustaining Earth.

  9. Intergalactic quarantine symbol by Hognoxious · · Score: 5, Funny

    Rings around a gas giant means "keep the hell away from this system and don't, whatever you do, let the inhabitants get out".

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  10. A pentagon-shaped smiley? by haraldm · · Score: 2, Funny

    Whoa - if their smiley were pentagon-shaped I'd definitely run! Other civilizations with pentagon-shaped things aren't famous for being friendly towards people who are "different".

    --
    open (SIG, "</dev/zero"); $sig = <SIG>; close SIG;
    1. Re:A pentagon-shaped smiley? by Rhinobird · · Score: 2, Informative

      What the hell. Most of the Wiccans I've met are perfectly ok people. Wierd, but nice.

      --
      If Mr. Edison had thought smarter he wouldn't sweat as much. --Nikola Tesla
  11. Re:Doesn't that mean.... by Bartab · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Exactly, which is why the occasional "SEE, NO OTHER EARTH LIKE PLANETS!!!" as proof for everything from "life is rare" to "ghod created us" are all silly noise.

    --
    Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from a rigged demo.
  12. Re:pixelization by imsabbel · · Score: 4, Informative

    I see your humor, but...

    A single pixel can provide a hell of a lot of information: Do spectroscopy, and you can get the typical absorption lines (O2 for example should be easy to detect, and be a sure way for _anybody_ who detects it to tell something is odd about that planet).
    Track the intensity over time, and you can get the rotation period.

    --
    HI O WISE PRINCE. WHT TOOK U SO DAM LONG?
  13. We've Already Been Discovered by DavidD_CA · · Score: 5, Funny

    We've already been discovered, twice.

    The first time: they discussed us using irrelevant analogies, took a senseless poll, said things like "imagine a Beowulf cluster of these" and "itsatrap!", and one alien remarked "I, for one, welcome our new Earthling overlords."

    The second time: they just shouted "DUPE!" and moved on.

    --
    -David
  14. Google Earth is your friend..DRMed, but still good by wikinerd · · Score: 2, Insightful

    When I see Earth with Google Earth (by the way, FSF, where I am a member, has called the creation of a free compatible client a high-priority project, and if you have free time please try to help, and if you need hosting for your project I can give you), I hardly can detect life, let alone humans, on Earth. Visually it's very difficult to detect it (and nothing suggests that an alien would expect a green planet to be filled up with plants, in fact a scientist would expect plant life to be red-coloured and in fact that's how it was in the past as red-colour has greater absorption efficiency... Earth plants became green only after changes in the atmosphere). I can see, of course, that the planetary atmosphere is a very dynamic system (clouds go and come every day), but all the rest is nothing but white places over the poles (ice), vast blueness (oceans), a few greenie plains (jungles, where remained by the human effects), and some light brownish-yellowish regions (deserts). That's all. I would need to analyse the Earth's spectrum or possibly other means to find out what chemistry this funnily coloured vastness has.

    But wait, there's more: I can zoom in a little and see mountains etc. And if I zoom more I see that some oceans have little green islands in them, so perhaps I could start to understand that this bluish abyss could be some kind of liquid and the greenish spots could be areas of higher elevation. But still, it could very well be a dead planet with no life, let alone humans. So I have to zoom more. Oh, now I can see that there are some grayish spots near the greenery, as if someone had vomited on the Earth's plains. Yea, it certainly looks like vomit, but what is it? Zooming more... oh, it looks different from anything else, it has some kind of structure, lines etc. Still looking like vomit, though... structured vomit. Who the hell vomited on the planet we, the alien scientists, discovered? How can we write a paper on a vomited planet? Everyone will laugh, our academic reputation is at risk because of this vomit on this extra-Gliese planet.

    But let's move away from this freaking vomit and look closer at the green plains and the brownish-yellow regions to see what there is there to be seen. Zoom a bit... oh what's this? Some kind of lines in the desert? Oh, it looks like other aliens visited this dead planet earlier and played some earth games on it, eh? Perhaps they were having some kind of planetary football games or something and this was their soccer field... But wait, some lines are quite intriguing. Nah... these aren't lines, these are complete drawings. Let's move away a bit and zoom closer... Hm, here these look like symbols. Ok, there may once have been some intelligence on this planet, but now it must be dead, probably, as it is too far away from its star (we the aliens like hot stuff so we live near our star, and this is what we consider the only habitable zone possible, for us if it feels hot it's good and we believe the whole universe is somehow made for us to explore and play in, so any planet outside our habitable zone must be dead because that's what the big scientists here say).

    Where did this intelligence come from? Maybe it came from the vomit, so let's go back there and zoom more. Wow, what's that? It looks like the lines that divide the vomit in little rectangles have little ant-like things running over them. Oh, and by these lines there are big boxes. But what these boxes contain? Maybe there's more vomit in there! Ok, our scientists found the truth, these running things transfer the vomit from box to box! And maybe this vomit is intelligent! But not much, as it probably has not discovered telecommuting or work-from-home yet. And that's what we would expect from a planet outside the habitable zone, it must be so cold these (15-25C, which for us is too cold) that this vomit has its intelligence sabotaged by the tem