Experiment Shows Traffic 'Shock Waves' Cause Jams

Galactic_grub writes "Japanese researchers recently performed the first experimental demonstration of a phenomenon that causes a busy freeway to inexplicably grind to a halt. A team from Nagoya University in Japan had volunteers drive cars around a small circular track and monitored the way 'shockwaves' — caused when one driver brakes — are sent back to other cars, caused jams to occur. Drivers were asked to travel at 30 kmph but small fluctuations soon appeared, eventually causing several vehicles to stop completely. Understanding the phenomenon could help devise ways to avoid the problem. As one researcher comments: 'If they had set up an experiment with robots driving in a perfect circle, flow breakdown would not have occurred.'"

Comments

Re:Brakes. Not breaks.

[Yold]

Tailgating is a problem too. It really pisses me off, that even in non-rushhour traffic, some idiot is always less than a car-length off my back end. Leaving a buffer zone allows you to avoid using your breaks when traffic slows.

I wonder how much aggressive driving (someone speeding up to 90, and then cutting in front of you for seemingly no reason), contributes to breaking shock waves. I've seen it happen often enough where someone will make an unnecessary maneuver to get 30 feet ahead of traffic.

Re:Interesting, but not a solution

[FuzzyDaddy]

As someone who has been commuting at least 45 minutes for most of my career, I've had a lot of time to think about traffic. I've always thought that traffic can be compared to a phase transition, such as ice freezing. Now this is fuzzy, I haven't done mathematical models or anything.

Breaking or other external factors (an accident or flashing lights by the side of the road) can certainly precipitate a change from a swiftly moving flow to a slow moving flow. However, they only cause a transition when the density is high enough. If there's an accident during a low traffic time, you whiz by it. If they close two lanes out of four, and it's low traffic, you get a little backup, but it reaches a modest steady state size in low traffic. In high traffic you get a "wave" - the backup moves steadily backwards from the scene of an accident, and remains after the accident clears.

I often tell my wife that I can tell if a slowdown is just due to high volume or an accident by the abruptness of the slow down. An abrupt slowdown, I think, means heavy traffic "precipitated" into a jam by an external event.

So braking as described may be a precipitating event, but it's the sensitivity of the traffic flow to it that is the fundamental issue. I'd guess that even if people didn't brake so much, in those sensitive conditions a fender bender by the side of the road could cause a major backup.

(Clearly, I've thought about this WAY too much.)

Very cool traffic sim

[nozzo]

I played with this a couple of years back:

http://vwisb7.vkw.tu-dresden.de/~treiber/MicroApplet/

shame this post is buried down deep :-(