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New FISA Bill Would Grant Telcoms Immunity; Vote Is Tomorrow

An anonymous reader writes "This just in: a new 'compromise' FISA Bill (PDF) was just made public, which, the Electronic Frontier Foundation reports, 'contains blanket immunity for telecoms that helped the NSA break the law and spy on millions of ordinary Americans.' The House vote is tomorrow, June 20. After all the secret rooms and everything ... if they get immunity and the public never finds out what happened, the only other logical next step is to convince everyone I know not to get an iPhone." CNN covers this get-out-of-lawsuit play as well.

40 of 496 comments (clear)

  1. Politicians will vote for the law by Daimanta · · Score: 3, Insightful

    /.ers will complain. Telcos will continue helping to spy.

    Film at 11

    --
    Knowledge is power. Knowledge shared is power lost.
    1. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by CowboyNealOption · · Score: 5, Insightful

      At least this vote will make it painfully clear which politicians should stay and which should be removed post-haste.

    2. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by TheGratefulNet · · Score: 5, Insightful

      correct - people who realize what's going on are already freaking out.

      the politicians either know what they're doing (and full well know its ethically WRONG); or they are kept out of the loop and lied to.

      the ONLY way laws like this will get overturned is when it 'hits home' with someone in a position of power. and enough times to really make the news and make people think 'hmmm, this has some implications to NON terrorist people'.

      if some person in power were to have THEIR emails and phonecalls tapped and some juicy bits were to leak out, maybe THEN people would take notice that swinging an axe around will sooner or later start harming innocent people.

      privacy is like air (or it should be): air is a right to ALL human beings, even the evil ones. I wish privacy was valued as much as the things that physically keep us alive.

      but as usual, society is decades behind when it comes to finding ETHICAL uses for technology.

      --

      --
      "It is now safe to switch off your computer."
    3. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by arkham6 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      their direct freedoms ARE being threatened, but they are more concerned by Jamie Lynn Spears's new baby than boring things like 'civil liberties'.

      Media has replaced religion as the new opiate of the masses.

    4. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by bsDaemon · · Score: 5, Insightful

      No -- they care when its their freedom to:

      1) own guns
      2) have abortions
      3) ban guns
      4) ban abortions
      5) have a gay marraige
      6) ban a gay marriage

      nothing else is going to active a critical mass of loud people to form a permanent bloc in the legislature.

      At least not in America. But hey, at least this time the politicos can say "but Sweeden is doing it, too!"

    5. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by clampolo · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It's actually a lot worse than you think it is. They run polling to see which issues are important to a persons constituents. They also factor in who is in a tight campaign and who is safe. And then they decide among themselves who will vote for or against a measure.

      The most recent example I can think of this happening was the war appropriations bill. The Democratic Party wanted to pass the bill. But they made sure that Hillery and Obama were set to vote near the end, so that they could vote against the measure.

      You have to vote both these parties out if you want to get rid of this stuff. Not just the candidates that voted for this bill.

    6. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by spun · · Score: 5, Insightful

      At least not in America. But hey, at least this time the politicos can say "but Sweeden is doing it, too!" Politicians know better than to confuse voters.

      "Wait, what? What does wiretapping have to do with meatballs and massage? This guy is making my head hurt, that's it! I'm gonna vote for the guy who doesn't make me feel stupid."
      --
      - None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license. -- John Milton
    7. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by rainman_bc · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You have to vote both these parties out if you want to get rid of this stuff. Not just the candidates that voted for this bill. Which is why I don't understand the absence of third party choice in the USA. There's nothing wrong with voting for a third party. You're showing that you aren't interested in the top two choices. If enough of you had the courage to vote for a third party, it wouldn't be a problem. The fear of vote splitting is an excuse. Your vote is never a throw away vote, even if it's for a third party.
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      09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0
    8. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by modestmelody · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Yeah, but I just wrote to my representative now that I saw this. So it does do something: To The Honorable Peter T. King: It has come to my attention that once again telecom immunity has reared its ugly head in a bill authored in the House of Representatives. As my representative in the United States Congress I must request that you oppose this bill. Immunity for corporate entities who cooperated with federal officials to break the law is not acceptable. In America, we hold criminals accountable, whether they are businessmen, military men, government officials, or law enforcement officers. FISA courts have time and time again proven themselves to be adequately expedient and sagacious in its role protecting Americans-- both from external threats and from threats against their rights. I implore that you cut through the rhetoric of a more "safe" America and instead continue to ensure there is an America worth protecting-- one which treats all its citizens as equal under the law and respects their rights to privacy.

    9. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by PopeRatzo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      their direct freedoms ARE being threatened, but they are more concerned by...
      I have to disagree. I think you confuse that which is being pushed by the soapsellers and corporate shills who own the media and that which is important to Americans.

      The fact is, it's been a long time since the "mainstream" media has been "giving the consumer what they want". Today, the television and radio stations, along with the print media strictly exist to promote an agenda created by the most powerful corporate interests. Nobody cares about Jamie Lynn Spears' new baby (least of all Ms. Spears), but the media has made a decision that this story will occupy peoples' attention and divert them from the fact that they are being turned into 21st century serfs.

      Beyond that, the media has done everything they can to convince the citizens that there's nothing they can do to protect their civil liberties anyway. They do this by pushing the lie that all the political parties and politicians are the same and that a politician's stance about these issues is not as important as whether or not they wear patriotic jewelry or have the right skin-color.

      But, I believe you can only distract people from their disintegrating situation for so long. There are already signs of a coming backlash, and it's almost funny how when the rage and bitterness of the populace breaks the surface it sends the approved pundits and media mavens running to their fainting couches. We saw it when hundreds of thousands of citizens spontaneously demonstrated against the beginning of the Iraq War. The media said it was just a bunch of "dirty hippies" but anyone who was at one of these demonstrations could easily see that wasn't so. Or when the media assured us all that a particular corporate-sponsored candidate was "certain" to win the Presidential primary and an little-known (black!) progressive politician popped up and with the $20 and $50 donations knocked off the assumed "sure thing". Even today, they try to tell us that this young black man will not "play well" with certain segments of society, particularly "white women" and "working-class voters" (aka the stupid people they count on to watch American Idol), even though every single poll shows that this is not so!. Hell, they tried to convince us that George W. Bush was the "more likable" candidate when just about nobody liked him. I guarantee, these corporate lickspittles won't realize what's really happening until they're hung up by their feet in the public square.
      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    10. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      They don't have to bother with voter rabble-rousing as long as they are prepared to nullify the election through various anti-democratic means, such as only having 2 voting machines in a black district where 11000 voters have registered, or using crooked voting machines, or not counting votes in districts that are expected to go to the "wrong" candidate (see Florida, 2000) or distributing pamphlets telling poor people that if they vote they risk losing their government financial assistance, etc. etc.

      When you see that candidates are willing to spend nearly a billion dollars to win a job that pays less than $400k per year, it shows just how much is at stake in these elections. When that much money is at stake, there is simply too much incentive to cheat. In the last 2 presidential elections, we have seen extensive evidence of cheating.

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      You are welcome on my lawn.
    11. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      They run polling to see which issues are important to a persons constituents.
      No, it's not nearly that complicated. In fact, their campaigns, which by design cost a lot of money to run, are financed by wealthy corporate interests who then tell the representative exactly how to vote, and in many cases actually write the language of the bill to be voted on.

      The interesting thing that's been happening more often lately is that the politician actually votes counter to the polling that's done by their office as long as the lobbyists are emphatic enough and spend enough money. This of course, depends on how far away their re-election is. The votes of a political party on an issue like this are carefully choreographed, so that the reps who are up for re-election soon are protected by the guys who have several years until their re-election campaign.

      There's a fair amount of push-back lately though. In this case, for example, the three Democrats who are supporting this horrible telco amnesty legislation are facing a well-financed campaign, made up of small donations from people like me and my wife, who are running very damaging advertisements in their districts and helping prospective primary challengers mount campaigns when their reelection comes up.

      Steny Hoyer for example, the piece of shit that he is, may have to take his meals at home for quite some time after this vote takes place, since most of his constituents and neighbors will see the well-made ad that's going to run in his district.

      Here's a fascinating fact-oid: Comcast (one of Mr. Hoyer's top contributors) has actually turned down running this advertisement, claiming that it's libelous or something. They have forgotten that there are more ways to get a message out these days...

      NOW how do you feel about the consolidation of media and telecommunications industries? Do you REALLY think net neutrality isn't important?
      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    12. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by Gewalt · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Perhaps you didn't notice... The democrats agreed to pass the bill too. You see, we already voted the republicans out. It accomplished nothing.

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      Modding Trolls +1 inciteful since 1999
    13. Re:Politicians will vote for the law by eikonos · · Score: 3, Insightful

      A party could easily come to the party that appeals to the left and the right. I'd be willing to bet that most reasonable Americans would classify themselves as fiscal conservative, social liberal... I want lower taxes but I want to see the poor and needy be taken care of too. If my taxes take care of the poor, maybe the poor would be less inclined to rob me. Simple voting creates polarized politics. Who do you vote for when you absolutely don't want the Conservatives (Republicans) in power, you'd be willing to settle for the Liberals (somewhat like Democrats), but you'd really like to vote for a small party? If you don't vote for the Liberals, then you risk the chance that the Conservatives will get in and so you can't vote for a smaller party. With the Single Transferrable Vote I could have voted for the party I actually want first, put Liberals second and not put Conservatives on my ballot at all. Sure it's more complicated than First Past the Post, but political issues are complicated. STV would allow more nuanced voting and less polarized politics. I'm a BC resident too and I'm annoyed that you voted against STV, but at least you thought about it -- unlike the guy who was interviewed on CBC after the election who said, "I didn't know what it was so I voted against it."
  2. Not really an iPhone problem. by palegray.net · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ... if they get immunity and the public never finds out what happened, the only other logical next step is to convince everyone I know not to get an iPhone. Problems like this aren't limited to a single carrier. Boycotting Apple hardware isn't going to get you very far in the defense of civil liberties.
  3. Re:Call Barack Obama by The+Warlock · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Also, if this bill gets to the Senate, keep your eye on how Obama and McCain decide to vote on it. I know I will.

    --
    I've upped my standards, so up yours.
  4. Re:Call Barack Obama by stinerman · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Very likely neither will vote on the bill because they will be out campaigning.

  5. Re:Call Barack Obama by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This isn't really about "progressive" (left) or conservative (right) politics.

    This is about freedom (liberty). Progressives tend to take from people when it is expedient, as does conservatives. Which is why people ought to vote libertarian where governmental taking is just plain frowned upon.

    --
    Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
  6. The message this would send by jollyreaper · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Don't worry about breaking the law. As Nixon said, "If the President does it, it's legal."

    In my ideal world, the people who make and enforce the rules would be held to a higher standard than the proles who merely have to follow the rules. It's bad enough when the infraction is minor like a cop doing 20 over the speed limit but when we're talking about the crimes committed in this case, it's the sort of thing that erodes faith in our very society.

    I know there are people who say that there shouldn't be trials after Obama is elected, that it would be divisive and bad for the nation. Those people can kindly go fuck themselves. That same logic was used to praise Ford for not investigating Nixon. That same logic was used to praise Clinton for not seriously investigating the scandals of the Reagan and Bush administrations. All this did was let the same shit-weasels get back into positions of power the next time a Republican slithered into office. No. As a nation, we need hearings, we need trials. Bush and his henchmen need to answer for their crimes. A standard needs to be set in stone: we are a nation of laws, not men, and no man is above the law. Even Presidents will be forced to account for their actions and pay for their sins.

    This will be part of our process for reengaging with the world. We've burned a shitload of bridges over the past eight years. When everyone can see an American President sitting in jail for his crimes, they'll know that justice has returned.

    --
    Kwisatz Haderach
    Sell the spice to CHOAM
    This Mahdi took Shaddam's Throne
    1. Re:The message this would send by Notquitecajun · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If you applied your standard across the board, I imagine we would have to arrest almost every high-level politician in the US. Don't limit your vitriol to the Republicans. We could name plenty of garbage that FDR, Kennedy, LBJ, Carter, and Clinton pulled while in office and go around and around about that. I do agree with you about accountability, however, there is always a certain amount of balance that needs to be placed in the Presidency where the position gets a LOT of power as well. We have a unique system that typically works well and breaks down at times. Deal with it.

  7. Re:Call Barack Obama by Protonk · · Score: 4, Insightful

    This isn't really about "progressive" (left) or conservative (right) politics.

    This is about freedom (liberty). Progressives tend to take from people when it is expedient, as does conservatives. Which is why people ought to vote libertarian where governmental taking is just plain frowned upon. sure, but you pick your pressure point. voting for a third party candidate in a first past the post election system is pointless. That isn't a crack on the libertarians, but the political system doesn't provide power to third parties (in the US). there is a REASON why the French have dozens of parties and the US has only two major parties, it isn't because the french dig pluralism more.

    Call Barack Obama's office tonight.
  8. The bigger lies are more easily believed. by Sir_Eptishous · · Score: 4, Insightful

    They will pass it, and the majority of Americans will go blissfully along, acting like everything is fine. The really interesting thing here, and we all know this, is that these tools for control that have been put in place in the last 8 years are mainly for control of the American people, not for any sort of "war on terror" or protecting us from Al-Qaida. The bigger lies are more easily believed. Keep waiving that flag!

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    We play the game with the bravery of being out of range
  9. Re:CALL your Congress Critter on this. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    AC here. I called. Took but two minutes.

    If you need a 'form' for your call, here's what I wrote in preparation:

    Honorable Congress(person) (X):

    I am a constituent (and supporter?) who lives in (your city). I am calling to urge you to vote 'NO' tomorrow on the so-called 'FISA Compromise Bill.'

    Any Bill that grants retroactive immunity to the Telecoms is a validation of George W. Bush's attempts to circumvent the law & the 4th Amendment. Please ensure that the law is upheld, and that Americans are given a fair chance to discover in court if their rights were trampled.

    Granting Telecoms retroactive immunity is a repudiation of the rule of law. Please, vote 'NO' tomorrow on the 'FISA Compromise Bill.'

    Thank you for your time.

  10. Re:Amongst all this...the question remains... by sm62704 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    the actual discussion should be covering calls between an American citizen and someone on a watch list who NEEDS his calls tapped

    If someone NEEDS his calls tapped, law enforcement can get a warrant. That's how it's supposed to work here.

    Stop fearing the terrorists; they want you to be afraid, but they're toothless. Bush's senseless war in Iraq has killed more Amerricans than all the terrorists this century. Meanwile ten times as many people die every year on American highways. IMO anybody who drives an SUV needs to be on a watch list and have his phone tapped; (s)he's far more of a danger to me than any Muslim terrorist.

    And some of that "homeland security" money needs to go to guard rails!

    --
    mcgrew's razor: Never attribute to stupidity that which can be explained by greedy self-interest
  11. Unconstutional: Ex Post Facto by corsec67 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This law is an Ex Post Facto law, making what was an illegal act legal, so if this law passes, it should be unconstitutional as per Article 1 Section 9 of the Constitution.

    Note that judges have somehow taken that "No bill of attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed." sentence to mean that ex post facto laws that make the punishment worse are unconstitutional, but that isn't what the constitution says. Maybe that is one of those hidden things like in amendment 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10

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    If I have nothing to hide, don't search me
    1. Re:Unconstutional: Ex Post Facto by stinerman · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Granted you have a right to your interpretation of the Constitution, but arguing that the SCOTUS made a "wrong" interpretation is a non-starter.

      The SCOTUS can't possibly be wrong in their interpretation because their interpretations are infallible.

      Arguing that the constitution says something, but that the SCOTUS got it wrong is essentially an exercise in intellectual masturbation. In practice, the Constitution says whatever the SCOTUS says it says.

  12. Re:Amongst all this...the question remains... by kneemoe · · Score: 3, Insightful

    How about this? http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/m071906.pdf
    can you google? or are you just fucking lazy?

    --
    My Sig Sucks
  13. Re:Call Barack Obama by InvisblePinkUnicorn · · Score: 4, Insightful

    How a candidate acts when it is politically profitable is no indication of how they will act when they have all the power they want.

  14. Re:Don't be so sure by Protonk · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Leahy is against the capitulation"compromise" (per an email on Kos) and he's chair of the Senate Judiciary committee. This has to get on the floor, and I believe it would be through his committee. Senate/house bills can be reconciled by a conference committee between the two sides. Once a reconciled bill is agreed upon, it will not be referred to what would have been the originating committee were it a new bill.

    So unless a senate vote forces the conference bill into committee (Which I THINK requires 60 votes), this bill can go from the house to the full senate without having to pass by Leahy's desk.
  15. Re:Call Barack Obama by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Voting for the person/party that represents my views the best is never pointless. If you suggest that voting 3rd party is pointless because they'll never win, is much like saying developing Linux Kernal in 2001 when Linus released version was pointless because it couldn't compete with Windows or Mac.

    It is only pointless, until it is not. Then it becomes something bigger than most imagined it could in the beginning.

    Besides, if you want to keep voting for the same old same old two parties, and expect things to actually change, then you're insane.

    People want real change this year, and neither Obama nor McCain offer it, not really. Both offer more of the same crap we've had since 88. I'm also a tad disillusioned by Barr winning the (L) ticket.

    That being said, I can never vote for people willing to take from others for political expediency, or for whatever "greater/common good" they think is important.

    --
    Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
  16. Re:Call Barack Obama by Hyppy · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I just called my congresswoman. I spent about 10 minutes speaking to her staffer and then her, letting them know that I opposed the new "compromise" bill.

    Mentioning that I served 42 months in Iraq/Afghanistan probably got me the "in" to talk to her, but every voice needs to be heard.

  17. Re:A bit sensational by Deadstick · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Article IV of the Nuremberg Principles of 1946 established the precedent that if your superior tells you to commit a crime, and you do it, you've committed a crime. And we hanged people for it.

    Easy come, easy go...

    rj

  18. Re:Amongst all this...the question remains... by demachina · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The issue is that as soon as they took the program out from under the supervision of the FISA court it became nearly impossible for anyone to figure out who they were spying on or how sweeping and abusive the program became. It doesn't really matter if they were only listening to calls of foreign nationals, once they bypassed the courts they could spy on anyone they felt like and probably did. They violated the Constitution by spying on people without a warrant, period. When you let your government spy on you without court supervision, its really easy for your government to collect dirt on opponents to discredit and blackmail them, to snuff out dissent, to win elections, and then your representative Democracy is pretty much gone. We've been there before. Nixon and Hoover very nearly destroyed our Republic in the 60's and 70's which is why FISA was created.

    By circumventing FISA the Bush administration was turning the clock back to a time when our government was abusively spying on people for no good reason. Since abuse was happening before FISA was created chances are its occurring now that FISA has been gutted. Chances are its even worse this time around since digital communications and computers make it possible to eavesdrop on a much larger scale than you could in 1968. Back then agents actually had to listen to and read everything. Now computers can sift through everything and kick out every email or phone call which has a keyword of interest.

    I'm not sure I'm really that concerned about granting immunity to the telecoms. When the NSA and the President told them to do it, it took extraordinary balls to say no. Qwest did and their CEO ended up in prison partially because of his refusal to play ball with them. Qwest lost a big classified government contract because of their refusal to participate, their stock tanked and their CEO was charged for misleading shareholders because he couldn't talk about all this classified blackmail.

    I'd be glad to let the telecoms go, as long as the people in the government who told them to do it go to jail, the people at the not, not the people in the middle or at the bottom. Throwing the telecoms in jails is about like throwing the privates in Abu Graib in jail. Its become clear the torture they were doing at Abu Graib and Gitmo was ordered by the highest levels of the Bush administration, especially Cheney and Addington. They should be going to jail, not the flunkies who did what their government ordered them to do in the panic post 9/11.

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    @de_machina
  19. For an ANON, you actually hit on part of the issue by poetmatt · · Score: 4, Insightful

    One of the real problems is that people are ridiculously stupid and uneducated. I don't mean going through harvard/yale, I mean people actually researching issues. The kind of people who can acknowledge that both our republican and democratic candidates (all of them) are horrible horrible people, and our choices are merely between the lesser of evils.

  20. Re:Amongst all this...the question remains... by Beardo+the+Bearded · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Your FISA court allows a warrant to be obtained after the wiretaps. They have three days to get the warrant after the tap is in place.

    So if there's a dire emergency, they can tap immediately then get a warrant later. The rule of law still applies to these emergency wiretaps. That's a good thing.

    The only reason to grant immunity retroactively then forbid investigation is that some illegal wiretapping went on and someone doesn't want you to find out what it was.

    --

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    ECHELON is a government program to find words like bomb, jihad, plutonium, assassinate, and anarchy.
  21. You're missing the big problem... by argent · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The big problem is not that it grants them immunity, it's that in doing so it blocks an investigation into what the Government was doing. Which of course is WHY the bill is granting them that immunity.

  22. Re:For an ANON, you actually hit on part of the is by erroneus · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Today people are taught to pass tests, not to think. If people were thinking, they'd be dangerous. Since they aren't thinking, they're safe. Do you think it's a coincidence that the school system is set up the way it is?

    The rare "thinking" people can't often thank the public school system for that. It is either due to some natural fluke, or parents that actually cared for and taught their children.

  23. Re:Democracy Isn't Working by funaho · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The media also has a big part to play in this, because they simply don't bother to report much of anything really important any more, so a lot of people don't even know what's going on. Case in point: I just checked cnn.com, and this story is NOWHERE on the front page, despite the fact that it has an effect on every single person in this country. I did however find a link to a story about Jamie Lynn Spears' baby. Sad, sad, sad.

    I suspect that the turning point with the media came when news outlets started being treated as just another profit center instead of news sources. So now they only tell people what they want to hear, because that's what generates the revenue they need to avoid getting downsized. Who cares about the news? We need to make MONEY!

  24. Re:Democracy Isn't Working by CodeBuster · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Whatever we had that worked before doesn't seem to be there anymore. A functioning democracy depends upon a well informed and educated citizenry engaging amongst themselves and with the government in the common communications space in equal exchanges of ideas, critiques, and debate. That is what is most lacking from our democracy today and among the main reasons why our system is not now functioning as it was originally intended. For a more complete and insightful explanation I recommend Al Gore's new book, The Assault on Reason, where the case is made for what is wrong and how we can go about restoring the vigor of our democracy and preserving it for the generations yet to come.
  25. Re:For an ANON, you actually hit on part of the is by erroneus · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Actually, it's rather hard to imagine a student not wanting to subject themselves to being a member of the "pathetic specimen of human waste" club. It's a big and popular club and many children cry themselves to sleep at nights wondering why they couldn't be [stupid] just like everyone else. Many people don't CHOOSE to be thinking people. Many, such as myself, had no choice in the matter and I was a very miserable child as a result. I simply couldn't understand the things other kids did and I couldn't accept the things I couldn't understand.

    It took me a LONG LONG time to shift my understanding to the realization that my being different was an advantage of sorts... even now, it's something of a disadvantage. I can't use Windows because it's a big mess inside of the black box and I know it can't be trusted while other people lead perfectly contented lives with Windows and simply accept that their personal information is available to any 'evil doer' determined enough to get it.

    Meanwhile, learning how to think can actually be taught and it isn't taught very often.