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Prominent Mathematicians Rebuke Recent Riemann Hypothesis Proof

Bryan writes "Xian-Jin Li's purported proof of the Riemann Hypothesis (reported on recently) has been rebuked by Fields Medalist Terence Tao. Fortunately, Dr. Li's proof fails alongside a respectable graveyard of previous attempts." Relatedly, jim.shilliday writes "The proof cites and appears to be based in part on the work of the leading French theorist Alain Connes. A few hours ago, Connes posted a comment on his blog stating that the purported proof is so badly flawed that he stopped reading it."

172 comments

  1. Why "fortunately"? by fgaliegue · · Score: 5, Interesting

    From the summary:

    Fortunately, Dr. Li's proof fails alongside a respectable graveyard of previous attempts

    Why? I'm probably missing something obvious, I'm not even a mathematician to start with, but...

    I mean, we (the world) do want to prove it right (or wrong) one day or another, don't we?

    1. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      I guess they mean that there's no shame in having failed, since many other respectable attempts also failed.

    2. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Chris+Pimlott · · Score: 4, Insightful

      They're just being polite by pointing out there's no shame in failing to prove the Riemann Hypothesis, since it has frustrated the attempts of many a prominent mathematician so far.

    3. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think there are a lot of "theories" built on top of this. If it is proven wrong, then those theories will be fundamentally wrong as well.

      Think of it as a house of cards; if you take one of the cards away from the base, then the whole house falls down and needs to be rebuilt.

    4. Re:Why "fortunately"? by karthikg · · Score: 0

      I'm not a mathematician but have read quite a bit about RH; I feel it is one of those truths that we can not prove or disprove. It could be one of the examples for Godel's incompleteness theorems. It is humbling to know there are limitations to logic and that not all truth can be proved. I would see it as "fortunate" if this proof is invalid.

    5. Re:Why "fortunately"? by sohare · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I'm not so sure they're being polite. Mathematics has it's share of cranks, and high profile conjectures receive a lot of attention by these woomeisters. While a crackpot proof might appear mystical to the layperson due to the extreme use of technical jargon, a trained mathematician can usually spot a uninformed line of argument. To draw a more comprehensible analogy, I would liken many of the proofs of longstanding problems to the endless stream of perpetual motion machine patents. Except the latter device, is of course, impossible. Both, however, are sophomoric.

    6. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Ardeaem · · Score: 1

      My understanding is that if a proof is found, it has the potential to lead to the undermining of current encryption methods, which depend on the difficulty of factoring large prime numbers. This would be disastrous for online commerce and security.

    7. Re:Why "fortunately"? by grizdog · · Score: 4, Insightful
      First of all, while you are right that there is no shame in failing to prove the RH, there is some shame involved in announcing in such a high-profile way that you have done it, and effectively requiring everyone to stop what they are doing to read your proof.

      Having said that, Li is no crank. I had not heard of him, but that's no surprise since I'm not a number theorist. But he has published several refereed papers in this area, has a position at BYU, and really ought to have known better than to explode on the scene like this.

      I've gotten communications from genuine crackpots, wanting my comments on their work. Early in my career, I wrote back, gently pointing out the mistake. To my horror, friends then received slightly modified but still absurd drafts, listing me as a collaborator! Li is a real mathematician, probably with poor social skills, and a bad proof.

    8. Re:Why "fortunately"? by FnH · · Score: 4, Informative

      I believe you're mixing this up with another hard problem that hasn't been proven yet. You're thinking about the NP = P problem. The difference is that here we don't know what will be the outcome, whereas for the RH most people assume it's true. Having a proof for this wouldn't really change anything (apart from validating large parts of mathematics that assume it is true)

    9. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Ardeaem · · Score: 2, Interesting

      No, I wasn't saying that the RH being true would cause problems with encryption (I am aware that most mathematicians assume it is true), but rather that the methods used to prove it would cause complications. See here: link

    10. Re:Why "fortunately"? by A.K.A_Magnet · · Score: 1

      For the record, most people think P != NP.

    11. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sorry, but some random IT column is meaningless, especially given that the writer doesn't seem to know a damn thing about math. There's basically no chance whatsoever that the eventual proof will involve a faster way to factor numbers.

    12. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      Geez, I fail to prove it at least 50-60 times EVERYDAY. Damn yunguns.

    13. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Rudolf · · Score: 5, Funny

      [..] lead to the undermining of current encryption methods, which depend on the difficulty of factoring large prime numbers.

      That's a trivial problem.

      All prime numbers have two factors: 1 and itself.

      Goodbye encryption :-)

    14. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Ardeaem · · Score: 1
      I was giving a link to clarify what I was saying, not to prove it. I am not a mathematician either (for the record, I'm a statistician). Note that in my original post that I said "My understanding is..." and did not make any claims as to the veracity.

      You, however, make a strong claim:

      There's basically no chance whatsoever that the eventual proof will involve a faster way to factor numbers.

      Do you have a reference?

    15. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Ardeaem · · Score: 1

      Ha, I missed that :)

    16. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      For the record, most people don't know what P or NP is ;)

    17. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you saying we don't know whether P equals NP? The fact is, P=NP is nearly impossible. It implies all kinds of absurd things. It's just that we haven't yet been able to prove these absurd things are impossible.

      As a (bit of a) mathematician, I'd say P != NP and RH are about equally likely-- I'd bet my life on either.

    18. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      I am a mathematician, and there's no reference for this claim, but RH is a problem in analytic number theory and none of the credible work on it (meaning not by random crackpots) uses anything involving factoring. Why would an algorithm to factor numbers have any use at all, especially since this isn't something that can be proven computationally anyway?

      The best we've done algorithmically by assuming the Riemann hypothesis is come up with faster algorithms to test primality (like an unconditional Miller-Rabin algorithm) or better bounds on runtime (as in "PRIMES is in P"), but these use properties of the primes that shed absolutely no light on how to factor composite numbers. Other consequences of the Riemann hypothesis tend to be things like tighter bounds on the prime counting function, and these are analytic estimates which again don't say anything useful about factoring. Determining discrete information like the prime factors of a given integer just doesn't ever seem to come out of it.

    19. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Li did respectable work once and has made a large faux pas in his handling of this affair, but it is now over. Let's focus on something far more interesting if we're talking about the Riemann Hypothesis - a wonderful (translation of a) transcript of an interview with Atle Selberg, which makes fascinating reading.

    20. Re:Why "fortunately"? by retchdog · · Score: 1

      You're in good (read: bad) company here. (go to the "quotes" section)

      --
      "They were pure niggers." – Noam Chomsky
    21. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Could you please provide a more formal proof of this claim?

    22. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Jerf · · Score: 3, Informative

      announcing in such a high-profile way

      Are you sure about that? Getting a paper onto arxiv.org doesn't seem to be that hard, and there's lots of ways to find out about it (RSS feed, etc.). He may not have had any reason to believe that he'd get this sort of attention, as he may have thought everyone involved would simply assume that it wasn't worth much, not having been peer reviewed.

      While I love the free and open flow of information that arxiv represents, this is hardly the first time that something has been posted on there and subsequently blown out of proportion. The Internet at large doesn't seem to really understand arxiv.org, that just because someone's got a fancy LaTeX paper up claiming some wild thing doesn't mean it's credible. A paper on arxiv.org shouldn't even be understood as being endorsed by the author, let alone "science". I always love when somebody backs up their argument about physics with a link to arxiv.org, it's like a red flag that it's time to just pack it in, you're not going to get through to this person, because they only understand the trappings of science, not the actual process.

    23. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Enlightenment · · Score: 1

      Please take this as a statement of fact rather than as an (intended) insult: Your feelings on this matter not at all.

    24. Re:Why "fortunately"? by cleatsupkeep · · Score: 1

      And then half of them that think they know don't actually know the correct definitions. As it doesn't mean Polynomial vs. Not Polynomial (common belief). It means Polynomial vs. Non-deterministic Polynomial time.

    25. Re:Why "fortunately"? by gomoX · · Score: 4, Informative

      One possible explanation for your understanding (which in my understanding, is wrong), is the Miller-Rabin primality test algorithm.

      The primality problem (telling whether a number is prime), although hard, was never proved to be NP-complete.
      The Miller-Rabin primality test is a (actually, the 1st and possibly the only) polynomial deterministic algorithm that is based on the Riemann hypothesis (polinomial deterministic meaning "fast and accurate"). Proving RH would prove that Miller-Rabin is exact and therefore shown that primality testing is in P.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Rabin_primality_test

      Unfortunately, algorithm freaks were faster than math freaks (well, the algorithm freaks involved were math freaks too) and a new algorithm called AKS was developed that did everything Miller-Rabin did without relying on the Riemann Hypothesis.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKS_primality_test

      So, to this day, we know primality testing is polynomial. The _real_ problem in cryptography is prime *factoring* (if it's not prime, then find 2 numbers that when multiplied produce the original number). Although it is not know whether that problem is P or NP-complete or both, it is believed to be outside NP because it is much harder than plain primality testing.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_factorization

      --
      My english is sow-sow. Sowhat?
    26. Re:Why "fortunately"? by delt0r · · Score: 3, Interesting

      ...with a link to arxiv.org, it's like a red flag...

      An even redder flag is a link to New Scientist as if its some peer reviewed source. NS references arxiv.org heavily no matter how stupid the claims (aka Zero Point Energy).

      --
      If information wants to be free, why does my internet connection cost so much?
    27. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      Li is a real mathematician, probably with poor social skills

      What, is there any other kind?

      (I'm a mathematician myself as well, so lighten up, mods, no flamebait intended. :))

    28. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Artifakt · · Score: 1

      If by 'this', you mean the original Riemann zeta hypothesis, yes, there are literally thousands of mathematical proofs which are 'conditioned by Riemann' that is, they assumed the Riemann hypothesis was true so they could do the rest of the math.
            Jim Holt, writing in the essay compilation "Year Million" (ed. Damien Broderick), has said that the Reimann hypothesis was so central to further mathematical progress that its truth just had to be assumed, implying that large numbers of mathematicians found it impossible to work without allowing it into their processes. He also points out that the recent proof of Fermat's last theorem was far less important. The essay as a whole gives a lot of insight into the hypothesis and is written for lay readers.

      If by 'this', you mean the Li proof, to my admittedly less than perfect knowledge there has been great reluctance to try and create any new theories based on it until it was reviewed, and I can't think of a single one, offhand.

      --
      Who is John Cabal?
    29. Re:Why "fortunately"? by hrimhari · · Score: 1

      ...except that it's *not* over. That was a pre-print and it's still evolving. Check the latest comments on Noncommutative Geometry's blog, which is the last URL in the original post.

      --
      http://dilbert.com/2010-12-13
    30. Re:Why "fortunately"? by makomk · · Score: 1

      "Although it is not know whether that problem is P or NP-complete or both, it is believed to be outside NP because it is much harder than plain primality testing."

      I think you mean that it's outside P. It's obviously in NP, since we can verify any possible factorisation in polynomial time.

    31. Re:Why "fortunately"? by gomoX · · Score: 1

      Indeed, I meant NP-complete both times. Thanks for pointing it out.

      --
      My english is sow-sow. Sowhat?
    32. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      STFU, nerd.

    33. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Please take this as an intended insult: I read your posting history and have concluded that you are an idiot.

      Please don't post here anymore.

    34. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Although this is framed as a joke, this is exactly the point with NP.

      Problems in class NP have a solution-verifier that runs in polynomial time. In your case, the solution is that "1 and n" are factors of "n". We need only multiply the factors, and that runs in polynomial time. (For instance, "1, 2, 3, 7, x, y, and n" are factors of "n" only requires 7 multiplications to return a true or false answer).

      The problem is that using a polynomial-time algorithm to test every possible combination of numbers as factors, deterministically, will take a lot longer than polynomial time, particularly if what you want to verify is (for example) "1, 3, 5, 7 and n are the ONLY factors of n".

      If we have a nondeterministic computer, we can solve this problem in polynomial time -- conceptually it is as if all the possible combinations of factors are verified "simultaneously", and all the true verifications are assigned "1" and all the false verifications are assigned "0". If the sum of all answers is 1, then we return the results of the standard polynomial-time verifier ("1, 3, 5, 7 and n are factors of n"). If the sum of these nondeterministic verifications is either zero or greater than one then "1, 3, 5, 7 and n are the ONLY factors of n" cannot be true even if "1, 3, 5, 7 and n are factors of n" is true.

      Encryption algorithms hinge on there being relatively fast polynomial-time verifier functions that can operate across a huge verification search space, and there being no feasible means of searching that space exhaustively.

      That's a trivial problem.

      Only if you already know that the number is a large prime. :-)

      Proving that an even larger number has as factors ONLY 1, itself (n), and two large primes (a, b), is hard, especially if n is a to the power of x times b to the power of y for arbitrary positive integer values of x and y.

      Feel free to prove this trivial. ;-)

    35. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mathematics has it's share of cranks

      "its".

    36. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Having said that, Li is no crank. I had not heard of him, but that's no surprise since I'm not a number theorist. But he has published several refereed papers in this area, has a position at BYU, and really ought to have known better than to explode on the scene like this.

      BYU? The same place that prematurely launched the cold-fusion claim?
             

    37. Re:Why "fortunately"? by xiaomai · · Score: 1

      You're mistaken. It was the University of Utah that made the false cold-fusion claims.

    38. Re:Why "fortunately"? by Doug+Merritt · · Score: 1
      I seem to have accidentally lost my longer response, so tersely: no, he doesn't have a reference, because strictly, he's just plain wrong. He's expressing an opinion; by no stretch of the imagination is he expressing a mathematical truth.

      Worse, there are actually counter-examples -- although they are a curiosity only, being slower than the more widely used and known algorithms.

      I hope he's not a mathematician, because it's rather bad form to claim opinion as fact in that field.

      --
      Professional Wild-Eyed Visionary
  2. what does it all mean, Basil? by Coraon · · Score: 2, Funny

    I have to ask, I know for mathematicians this is a big deal and all, but what are the piratical applications for this?

    --
    -Ours is the wisdom of Solomon, the magic of Merlyn, the fall of Icaris.
    1. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by HappySmileMan · · Score: 4, Funny

      Well it doesn't have any piratical applications, but the ninjas will definitely find a use for it

    2. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 4, Informative

      There are a lot of results based on assuming the conjecture is true, including a variety of factoring and root finding algorithms that are computationally very useful.

      Until it is proven you really don't know if these algorithms are giving correct answers.

      This is why it is so important and has a big prize associated to it.

    3. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by DriedClexler · · Score: 1

      Can't you still use those algorithms though? I mean, it's pretty trivial to check if a purported root or factorization is correct, right? So they don't really need to wait for a proof of Riemann, do they?

      --
      Information theory is life. The rest is just the KL divergence.
    4. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by zappepcs · · Score: 1

      I had to go look it up after you asked... apparently to mathematicians, there are plenty of practical applications. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis for a few examples. Neither of them made sense to me yet, and I've already had coffee. If they are looking for one example where this theory is not true, and offering a million bucks, someone is sure to put a couple yellow dog games console clusters together and find out soon enough. (either that or prove Doom is written by zombies who don't know calculus)

      Sounds like a real challenge for someone with the mad math skills to understand the problem.

    5. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The problem comes when the speculative algorithms tell you that there is no factor.

    6. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by Strilanc · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Unless it says the number is prime (you have to trust there are no factors) or gives factors that aren't primes.

    7. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by thermian · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Since the work based on the assumption that the hypothesis is true is in itself valuable, it will still be used.

      It's just that a proof, if found, will elevate who-ever finds it to the status of mathematical superstar.

      Consider this, we are still finding proof of various of Einstein's theories, but work based on his has been of real value for decades.

      Here's another example that makes me sound all clever because I know it.

      Newtons equations, and his entire body of work, completely failed to explain how it is that the moon can orbit the earth while the earth orbits the sun, and we *still* don't have the equation to explain that bugger.

      There are specific n-body solutions, I've written one myself, but a solution for the general case? Nope, never been done.

      Louis Pasteur spent most of his life on that particular problem, as have many other prominent scientists, all to no avail. We found a use for Newtons work regardless, and Einstein extended it successfully, even with that glaring hole.

      --
      A learning experience is one of those things that say, 'You know that thing you just did? Don't do that.' - D. Adams
    8. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by MadnessASAP · · Score: 1

      I am not a mathematician or an astronomer but I though we already had a general 3-body solution.

      --
      I may agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to face the consequences of saying it.
    9. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by Splab · · Score: 1

      No its not trivial to check that. Factorizing a 1024 bit number you really really want to get it right in the first go, if the algorithm isn't proven you can only hope whatever you get returned is correct.

    10. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by thermian · · Score: 3, Informative

      Nope. We can do calculations that involve n-bodies, of which obviously 3-body is part, but they involve using the 2-body solution of Newton for all unique pairs in a simulation.

      A separate general three body solution probably does exist, but no-ones found it.

      If found, it would quite possibly revolutionise n-body modelling, and prove useful to space science (if, and only if, it sped up calculations), but I doubt astronomers would care much.

      --
      A learning experience is one of those things that say, 'You know that thing you just did? Don't do that.' - D. Adams
    11. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by MadnessASAP · · Score: 1

      Yep you're right only 3-body solutions for certain restricted cases exist.

      --
      I may agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to face the consequences of saying it.
    12. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by thermian · · Score: 1

      If your interested my specific solution resides in this software (of my own creation).

      http://code.google.com/p/nmod/

      --
      A learning experience is one of those things that say, 'You know that thing you just did? Don't do that.' - D. Adams
    13. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 1

      Ok, so you use this algorithm, checked the results and find the result is wrong. Guess what!! YOU HAVE JUST WON $1,000,000 because you have proved the Reinmann Conjecture is wrong. But that won't help you very much if you are using it to calculate a re-entry trajectory.

      Up until then though all that code you have put in your systems is worthless, a waste of time and is probably generating false alarms due to bugs every now and then.

      Nah, it really is much better to have the proof.

    14. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 4, Insightful

      You are mixing the basic tenants of physics and mathematics, not a good thing to do. Science is a mix of inductive and deductive logic, math has a higher standard and doesn't admit inductive proofs.

      Three guys were vacationing in Scotland. One was an astronomer, one a physicist and one a mathematician.

      In their travels they chance on a black sheep grazing in a field.

      Astronomer: All sheep in Scotland are black
      Physicist: Some sheep in Scotland are black
      Mathematician: There is one sheep in a field in Scotland that is black on at least one side.

    15. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by ZombieWomble · · Score: 2, Informative
      While what you say is somewhat correct, there is a glaring difference between "proof" as it corresponds to physics, and "proof" as it corresponds to mathematics, and indeed what constitutes a failure of a given theory.

      Addressing the latter first, Newton's equations describe to a very high degree of accuracy (perfectly, in the limit of ignoring relativistic and other high-order corrections) the interaction of any arbitrarily large number of bodies. The fact that we cannot solve these equations is in no way a failure of the models - the only possible failure is if we found them to be incorrect in some way. Provided they continue to produce correct results (as can be verified by two-body experiments and extended to n-body through numerical modelling, if nothing else) then the models are correct. That they are hard (or impossible) to solve in general has no bearing on the validity of the model - it tells us how they work, the fact it doesn't fit neatly into analytic mathematics is an irrelevance to how the universe proceeds.

      With regards to the nature of proof in physics as opposed to mathematics - it is not generally correct to say that a "proof" of a physical theory has been found, but rather that its predictions have been verified against experimental evidence. A (correct) mathematical proof is by definition irrefutable: proving the Riemann Hypothesis would mean it is true, with no dispute. On the other hand, every bit of evidence supporting Newtonian mechanics, relativity, or any other physical theory is only valid until an exception appears, and then the theories must be updated, leading to a series of increasingly exacting tests.

      The recent "proofs" of theories which have been around for decades are really only these more stringent tests - and as applications typically require orders of magnitude less precision than the level required to test a theory at a given time, it is unsurprising that theories can be easily be applied to these much less difficult test cases.

      Something like the Riemann hypothesis is quite interesting, as it falls somewhere between the two - there is a certain degree of "experimental mathematics", if you will, where people are valiantly trying to find the limits of the hypothesis, which thus far indicates that it holds for a very wide range of numbers, which is comparable to the tests physicists must perform to attempt to determine physical laws. These results are encouraging as they validate any proofs which only put similar requirements on the hypothesis, but there is a higher level of proof in mathematics which would verify it in all conditions, everywhere, which would in turn validate all theories based on the hypothesis completely, and close the loophole that they will break in some (obviously ill-defined) conditions.

      (Also, as an addendum, I assume you meant Poincaré spent a long time on the n-body problem, as opposed to Pasteur who was more of a biologist, as far as I recall)

    16. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by MillionthMonkey · · Score: 1

      Ok, so you use this algorithm, checked the results and find the result is wrong. Guess what!! YOU HAVE JUST WON $1,000,000 because you have proved the Reinmann Conjecture is wrong. But that won't help you very much if you are using it to calculate a re-entry trajectory.

      If you won the $1,000,000, you could easily just hire someone who can calculate the re-entry trajectory if disproving the Riemann conjecture doesn't help.

      Of course the ultimate would be to demonstrate the proof or disproof of the Riemann conjecture using a rechargeable lithium battery that is efficient enough to win the John McCain Battery Prize. That would earn you a cool $301,000,000 in total.

    17. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 1

      If you are in the vehicle that is re-entering you aren't going to care about the prize nor have time to hire anyone.

    18. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by exp(pi*sqrt(163)) · · Score: 1

      And you're mixing your tenets and your tenants which makes for entertaining reading.

      --
      Doesn't it make you feel good to know that our freedoms are protected by politicans, lawyers and journalists.
    19. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by Dr.+Blue · · Score: 1

      The conjecture doesn't affect whether the answers are correct - that's easy enough to verify (even, despite several follow-ups, if the algorithm claims values/factors are prime - even before it was shown that primality testing is in P, there were known ways to prove a value was prime, showing that PRIMES is in NP).

      However, it does affect the running time analysis. There are several algorithms that have a run-time analysis that says something like "Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, the running time is ...."

      So while correctness isn't an issue, the fact that there are no worst-case instances that will take far longer than expected is an important thing to know.

    20. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by pbhj · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Mathematician: There is one sheep in a field in Scotland that is black on at least one side.

      I thought he was going to say all sheep in Scotland are grey?

      Anyhow, what's with there's no inductive proof in Mathematics? There are many many inductive proofs, even at high-school you write "proof by induction" quite a lot. Google it, all the top hits are mathematical.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_induction

    21. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by MoeDrippins · · Score: 1

      Can't you still use those algorithms though? I mean, it's pretty trivial to check if a purported root or factorization is correct, right? So they don't really need to wait for a proof of Riemann, do they?

      I was thinking the same thing; not having the proof doesn't mean there's no possible way you can show that the answers provided for a given problem aren't correct. (Or does it?)

      --
      Before you design for reuse, make sure to design it for use.
    22. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 1

      Yes you are right - I should have been more clear about the difference between induction in the context of science vs. math.

      An inductive proof in math is the process of proving A is true for all members of B by first proving that A is true for one member of B and then proving that if A is true for one member of B is it is true for other members of B instead. Mathematicians call it an inductive proof however it is proven for all possible existing cases using deductive logic.

      In science induction is the concept that so long as there are no counter examples of a theory, the theory is considered correct. A theory like the Reinmann Conjecture would stand as correct in science because science does not have a set of axioms from which its theories can be proven so it must rely on the absence of counter examples.

    23. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by DavidShor · · Score: 2, Informative

      Inductive is a philosophical term, the inference of new facts based on previously known ones. In Physics, this means using experimental data in order to make general assumptions about the universe.

      In mathematics, we use the term tongue-in-cheek, to refer to a particular and useful consequence of the least-element axiom. It resembles inductive reasoning, but it is indeed quite more rigorous.

    24. Re:what does it all mean, Basil? by Doug+Merritt · · Score: 1
      Trivially false. If a probabilistic algorithm returns a potential but not guaranteed factor of N, it takes merely one trial division to see if it was an actual factor or not.

      You're probably mixing it up with probablistic primality tests, although even there "you can only hope" is not how we proceed in practice. Further details widely available via google.

      --
      Professional Wild-Eyed Visionary
  3. Stopped reading! Whee! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Not just refuted, but rebuked!

    1. Re:Stopped reading! Whee! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm glad it wasn't repuked.

  4. I don't know about you all... by pongo000 · · Score: 5, Funny

    The "proof" is that of Theorem 7.3 page 29 in Li's paper, but I stopped reading it when I saw that he is extending the test function h from ideles to adeles by 0 outside ideles and then using Fourier transform (see page 31). This cannot work and ideles form a set of measure 0 inside adeles (unlike what happens when one only deals with finitely many places).

    ...but this certainly cleared things up for me!

    1. Re:I don't know about you all... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      yes I stopped reading after the step 2 + 2 =5

    2. Re:I don't know about you all... by brunokummel · · Score: 1

      The "proof" is that of Theorem 7.3 page 29 in Li's paper, but I stopped reading it when I saw that he is extending the test function h from ideles to adeles by 0 outside ideles and then using Fourier transform (see page 31). This cannot work and ideles form a set of measure 0 inside adeles (unlike what happens when one only deals with finitely many places).

      ...but this certainly cleared things up for me!

      ...this brings me back so many memories from my old grad days... the books usually brought a demonstration of a simple theorem , and the exercises were to demonstrate theorems WAY harder, stuff like " Using the theorem that states that 0+1=1, prove that if God exists he doesn't want you to finish College." =)

      --
      What is best in life? To crush your enemies, to see them driven before you and to hear the lamentations of their women.
    3. Re:I don't know about you all... by Beardo+the+Bearded · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It's called "Proof by Intimidation":

      using the formula:

      [ some formula ]

      it is trivial to see that:

      [ some other formula out of nowhere ]

      therefore, combining the above, we can arrive at the easily obtained answer:

      [ some MATLAB result ]

      Don't forget, it works both ways; the people marking your assignment don't want to admit that they can't see the so-called "trivial" derivation.

      --

      ---
      ECHELON is a government program to find words like bomb, jihad, plutonium, assassinate, and anarchy.
    4. Re:I don't know about you all... by Beardo+the+Bearded · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Use the "Star Trek" filter:

      he is extending the test function h from [ tech ] to [ tech2 ] by [ tech 3 ] and then using Fourier transform ... This cannot work and [ tech ] form a set of measure 0 [ tech 4 ] (unlike what happens when one only deals with finitely many places).

      When he moved from one set to another and did the Fourier transform, he forgot that he ended up with an empty set instead of a finite number of points because that's apparently a property of whatever the hell he was talking about.

      --

      ---
      ECHELON is a government program to find words like bomb, jihad, plutonium, assassinate, and anarchy.
    5. Re:I don't know about you all... by Naomiah · · Score: 1

      Well kinda sorta he had a function h valid for integers, and he wanted it to be valid for all rational numbers, so he just defined it as 0 everywhere else. Then he took a continuous and not a discrete Fourier transform of the resulting function, maybe getting an infinite series of coefficients that diverge. Of course keep in mind that I'm just talking out of my ass.

      --
      "Yes, I am a lawyer." - Star Jones
    6. Re:I don't know about you all... by MatanZ · · Score: 1

      It does not work the other way, at least not when I (or anyone else I know) grade exams.

      Of course, I also don't use this method in class.

    7. Re:I don't know about you all... by saigon_from_europe · · Score: 1

      Well kinda sorta he had a function h valid for integers, and he wanted it to be valid for all rational numbers, so he just defined it as 0 everywhere else.

      I remember the example from my university math class about function defined in exactly that way. The question was if it is possible to calculate an integral of the function. The conclusion was that it is impossible, because of something I forgot, but it is related to definition of the integral, which requires some very basic kind of continuity and this function lacks such feature. (I guess that some limes must exist, and it does not exist here as it always go 1 to 0 unpredictably.)

      Then he took a continuous and not a discrete Fourier transform of the resulting function, maybe getting an infinite series of coefficients that diverge. Of course keep in mind that I'm just talking out of my ass.

      Since the definition of Fourier transform requires integration, I guess that it might be the problem.

      But on the other side, proof that mentioned function was not possible to integrate did not use those strange words as this professor does.

      --
      No sig today.
    8. Re:I don't know about you all... by piojo · · Score: 1

      I agree. And on the occasion that it does work, it's because of a grader's laziness, not pride. And I would think that the chance of pissing off a grader will be higher than the chance of getting away with this.

      --
      A cat can't teach a dog to bark.
    9. Re:I don't know about you all... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Don't forget, it works both ways; the people marking your assignment don't want to admit that they can't see the so-called "trivial" derivation.

      UNCLEAR. NOT CONVINCED.

      When marking a proof, it's your job to convince me, not my job to figure it out.

    10. Re:I don't know about you all... by Larsrc · · Score: 2, Insightful

      No shit. I took a minor in math, really loved and grokked things, up to a certain level. Beyond that I suddenly have no fscking clue what they're even talking about. When looking at similar levels of, say, biology, I at least have a faint idea of what it's about. High-level math is weird.

    11. Re:I don't know about you all... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      The function you remember is f(x)=1 for rationals and 0 else. It isn't possible to integrate this function as a Riemann integral, but it is still Lebesgue integrable. If f(x)=1 only for integers then the function is integrable also in the Riemann sense.

    12. Re:I don't know about you all... by FearForWings · · Score: 1

      This is actually a simple mistake to make after reading too much Zen and the Art of Mathematics. This once caused me to fail a calculus test after leaving all the answers blank, I apparently was under the mistaken philosophy that the empty set represented all correct sets.

      --
      I don't know about angles, but it's fear that gives men wings. -Max Payne
    13. Re:I don't know about you all... by UnixUnix · · Score: 1
      You are thinking about Riemann integration... the function that is 1 on the rationals and 0 on the irrationals is not R-integrable. Lebesgue integration has fixed this problem.

      The issue under discussion is that a set M of measure 0 is negligible when integrating, so when you define a function to be 0 outside M then integrating it amounts to integrating the identically 0 function. This seldom yields interesting results :))

    14. Re:I don't know about you all... by Neil+Strickland · · Score: 3, Interesting

      This is not all that bad.

      Probably many slashdotters are familiar with the discrete Fourier transform (used in JPEG encoding, incidentally). The DFT for sequences of length n fits together nicely with the DFT for longer sequences whose length is a multiple of n. If you try to put all these DFTs for sequences of different length together in a certain way and combine them with the continuous Fourier transform, you end up with something called the adelic Fourier transform. (That's a little bit different from how it is described in the usual books, but it is essentially equivalent.)

      Next, if n has many factors then most integers will share a common factor with n; the proportion of integers that do not have a common factor will be small. Connes's statement that 'ideles form a set of measure zero' is what you get from this by taking the limit for large n.

      Suppose you have a sequence a_1,...,a_n, where a_k is zero whenever k has a common factor with n. If n has many factors then a_k is usually zero and so the DFT of the sequence will be small. The limiting version of this fact is that if a function is supported on the ideles, then its adelic Fourier transform is zero. Thus, adelic Fourier theory is useless for studying such functions.

      Connes is probably right that this is a showstopper.

    15. Re:I don't know about you all... by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      I know a paper that uses that approach. "And it is obvious that the inverse operation may be be accomplished by departitioning the spectrum...."

      A colleague and I actually looked into the "obvious" problem and found some pretty powerful results that the author of that paper is going to be kicking himself for missing.

    16. Re:I don't know about you all... by novakyu · · Score: 1

      And I would think that the chance of pissing off a grader will be higher than the chance of getting away with this.

      Yes, you are right. When I was a grader, when someone said things like "it is easy to show" or "trivial", I took a point off for every step skipped.

    17. Re:I don't know about you all... by piojo · · Score: 1

      Well, it's sort of like gambling. At times, I think I'm just missing one step in an otherwise complete proof. And I'll write "I can't get this step", or "We see that...", depending on how honest I'm feeling. But what if it really is a trivial step that I just can't see because I'm so short on sleep? In this situation, I could see an advantage in bluffing. Not that it's nice to do so--a student grader might frustratedly try to see whether the claim really was true, while a teacher would know at a glance and grade accordingly.

      --
      A cat can't teach a dog to bark.
    18. Re:I don't know about you all... by smartdreamer · · Score: 1

      The good old Proof by Intimidation. Reminds me how I got my PhD.

      This can also save your ass or at least give you a good laugh.

    19. Re:I don't know about you all... by linzeal · · Score: 1

      That is the beauty and some would say aim of science. That a theory may produce accurate predictions far removed from the original theorist's ability to conceive them means he produced a viable and well-founded theory.

    20. Re:I don't know about you all... by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      I agree that's the beauty of science... I don't think the situation I described was quite the same though.

      I was pointing out that because the guy used the "proof by intimidation" approach (I love that term) instead of actually properly working out the theory himself, he missed all the elegance that was waiting to be discovered.

    21. Re:I don't know about you all... by deblau · · Score: 3, Informative

      Not quite. A set of measure zero is not necessarily empty. For example, the set of rational numbers is measure zero inside the reals. See here. Also, 'place' is a technical term. See here for a definition.

      --
      This post expresses my opinion, not that of my employer. And yes, IAAL.
    22. Re:I don't know about you all... by PresidentEnder · · Score: 1

      I wrote a proof for abstract algebra. My professor handed it back, with "I am unable to follow your reasoning" in the margin. I found that I couldn't for the life of me follow my own reasoning. 'Twas a clever proof, too. Can't remember what it was.

      --
      I used to carry a bottle of whiskey for snake bite. And two snakes. -Nefarious Wheel
  5. Ow my head by Jailbrekr · · Score: 4, Funny

    The proof, and the rebuke, only proved my theory that there is a distinct surge in advil usage when something like this is posted on /. or digged.

    --
    Feed the need: Digitaladdiction.net
    1. Re:Ow my head by Austerity+Empowers · · Score: 2, Funny

      I stopped reading when I saw that he is using Advil, this cannot work when it is well established that Excedrin is the preferred migraine reliever.

    2. Re:Ow my head by hostyle · · Score: 1

      Yeah, but what have the Romans ever given us?

      --
      Caesar si viveret, ad remum dareris.
    3. Re:Ow my head by linzeal · · Score: 1

      The preferred stuff around here is Butalbital, the grad students eat it like candy.

  6. Preprint, not a reviewed paper by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Well duh this is what we have been saying - this is a preprint and is likely to have errors. Whether or not they can be repaired is open to question.

    Wiles' proof of Fermat's last theorem took a long time to go through the review and repair process. And there was at least one pretty hard problem that had to be fixed.

    Slashdot's "journalistic" process really suxors when it comes to this sort of stuff.

    1. Re:Preprint, not a reviewed paper by proverbialcow · · Score: 4, Funny

      Slashdot's "journalistic" process really suxors when it comes to this sort of stuff.

      Wel of course it does. Slashdot is journalology, not journalonomy.

      --
      The only surefire protection against Microsoft infections is abstinence. - The Onion
    2. Re:Preprint, not a reviewed paper by Lamil+Lerran · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The comments made by Tao and Connes are the sort of comments one would make if the paper was irrevocably flawed. For instance, Tao notes that "the decomposition claimed in equation (6.9) ... is, in fact, impossible; it would endow the function h ... with an extremely strong dilation symmetry which it does not actually obey. It seems that the author was relying on this symmetry ..."

      In more simple terms: Partway into the paper the author proved something that is definitely false; he then relied on this false theorem to complete the proof.

      It's possible that Tao is wrong in his analysis or that the rest of the proof is actually independent of the false theorem that it appears to depend on. However, it's reasonably likely that this proof cannot be repaired.

  7. sorry by Nyall · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    you got pawned

    --
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_nullification
  8. Lazy title selection by ActusReus · · Score: 5, Funny

    Oh come on, you were almost there! How about:

    "Renowned Researchers Rebuke Recent Riemann Reasoning"

    1. Re:Lazy title selection by Gazzonyx · · Score: 1

      You're lucky I ran out of mod points a few articles ago!
      -1 Alliteration
      ;)

      --

      If I mod you up, it doesn't necessarily mean I agree with what you've said, sorry.

    2. Re:Lazy title selection by MarkRose · · Score: 1

      Recall: Rewarding Results Returned Requiring Rework Rarely Reach Reporters, Regretably.

      --
      Be relentless!
    3. Re:Lazy title selection by thetorpedodog · · Score: 1

      "Renowned Researchers Rebuke Recent Riemann Resolution's Reasoning". Even better!

      --
      This sig is certified free of self-referential humour!
  9. Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by Nom+du+Keyboard · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    ...is so badly flawed that he stopped reading it.

    You're not making yourself look good here. Read the entire proof and then critique it objectively, rather than just insult the proof and the mathematician behind it. That would be taking the high road. Remember, you haven't proven this conjecture either yet.

    --
    "It's the height of ridiculousness to say for those 9 lines you get hundreds of millions."
    1. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by allanw · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The submitter used stronger language to describe the comment than the comment itself. Connes just said "The 'proof' is that of Theorem 7.3 page 29 in Li's paper, but I stopped reading it when I saw that he is extending the test function h from ideles to adeles by 0 outside ideles and then using Fourier transform (see page 31). This cannot work... "

    2. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by gstoddart · · Score: 1

      You're not making yourself look good here. Read the entire proof and then critique it objectively, rather than just insult the proof and the mathematician behind it.

      I'm not sure, but the way I read that is the quote is saying that the mathematician whose work was the basis for the proof started to read it and he (the mathematician) stopped reading.

      From the link pointing to Connes blog ...

      The "proof" is that of Theorem 7.3 page 29 in Li's paper, but I stopped reading it when I saw that he is extending the test function h from ideles to adeles by 0 outside ideles and then using Fourier transform (see page 31).

      Of course, I don't understand anything in the above other than "I stopped reading". Meaning, "your work was so wrong on page 2, pages 3 and up are irrelevant".

      Cheers

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    3. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by retchdog · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Yes, why don't you tell the Fields medalist how to make himself look good? I'm sure he needs your help desperately. Jeebus, you know that a Fields medal is objectively harder to get than a damned Nobel prize, right?

      He did critique the 'proof' objectively. The claim was that by looking at the function on a certain domain ("ideles" whatever those are), one could look out from there and see how it would have to behave elsewhere ("adeles"). However, the "ideles" aren't big enough to give a good viewpoint of what's going on (i.e. the function at the ideles is not necessarily representative of the rest of the function). If you only look at multiples of 2pi, you could "prove" that sin(x)==0. Just because you or I couldn't notice the obvious problem in the RH proof, doesn't mean that it doesn't merit quick dismissal. Sometimes obvious mistakes are made in math (some would say that only obvious mistakes are made - but they are only obvious once they are pointed out).

      --
      "They were pure niggers." – Noam Chomsky
    4. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...is so badly flawed that he stopped reading it.

      You're not making yourself look good here. Read the entire proof and then critique it objectively, rather than just insult the proof and the mathematician behind it. That would be taking the high road. Remember, you haven't proven this conjecture either yet.

      I am quite certain that just like in physics, in mathematics it also exists that laws aren't exactly hat described. Those are pretty close and certain approximations of true, and therefore at early stages uncertain in a way that there are uncertain answers for questions which are asked.

      -- Rawsom

    5. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by msuarezalvarez · · Score: 1

      If you are quite certain of that, then you are also quite wrong.

    6. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by thermian · · Score: 1

      A better translation would be 'FAIL!'

      Having been through the peer review process with my work many times I'm familiar with this sort of thing, believe me, the statement in the original comment is nasty if your the author.

      I can see why the submitter edited it, because people unfamiliar with the peer review process probably wouldn't get what a kick in the teeth the sentence is.

      --
      A learning experience is one of those things that say, 'You know that thing you just did? Don't do that.' - D. Adams
    7. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Meanwhile, why don't you go read the timecube and rebunk it objectively ? I for one will just disregard it as nonsense.

    8. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by azaris · · Score: 1

      When someone has a 40-page purported proof of a famous difficult theorem, any mathematician will stop reading it after the first blatant error. It is up to the author to fix his own mistakes, and before they do so the whole thing is worthless.

    9. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by kjs3 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Why? Li is stating "I base my proof on X". Connes says "I see you've based your proof on X. I'm quite content that X doesn't work." Game over. If the fundamental assumption is wrong, what is gained from going on? If you read a paper that started "assume the square root of 9 was 3.1", do you *really* need to read all of it before you decide "this fellow might be off track."?

    10. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by kjs3 · · Score: 1

      What? Fail.

    11. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by Chris+Mattern · · Score: 1

      When you come to the point in the paper where the author divides by zero, there's generally not much point in continuing on.

    12. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by jim.shilliday · · Score: 1

      I didn't mean to suggest that Connes disapproved of the proof, just that he found a problem that he believed was a deal-breaker and therefore saw no reason to read on. As others have noted, the proof's author has since revised it, apparently in response to the comments by Profs Tao and Connes.

      --
      Jim Shilliday
    13. Re:Not Making Yourself Look Good Here by KDR_11k · · Score: 1

      A proof is a chain of deductions, if one link in the chain fails catastrophically the entire chain is invalid. That's what happened here.

      --
      Justice is the sheep getting arrested while an impartial judge declares the vote void.
  10. So many errors by this+great+guy · · Score: 0

    The "proof" contained so many errors that a previously uncontacted amazon tribe could have debunked it.

    1. Re:So many errors by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      not funny.

    2. Re:So many errors by porcupine8 · · Score: 2, Funny

      Yeah, the AC is a member of a previously uncontacted Amazon tribe, you insensitive clod!

      --
      Warning: Apple/Nintendo fangirl. Likes her electronics cute & cuddly. May be rabid.
    3. Re:So many errors by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      From one of the mathematicians in the article,

      This also has appeared on Slashdot. If your comment is like any of the ones there, please don't submit it, but comments from the well-informed are strongly encouraged.

  11. What a shock... by porcupine8 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    My husband is a mathematician, and he gets emails weekly from crackpots claiming to have disproved the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem or having proven the Riemann hypothesis or whatever. You can submit anything to the ArXiv, this shouldn't have even been news in the first place until it was confirmed.

    --
    Warning: Apple/Nintendo fangirl. Likes her electronics cute & cuddly. May be rabid.
    1. Re:What a shock... by onkelonkel · · Score: 2, Funny

      [Sir Bedivere] How do you know she is a girl? [/Sir Bedivere]

      --
      None of them can see the clouds; The polished wings don't care.
    2. Re:What a shock... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just remenber that the Poincaré conjecture demostration was provided on the arXiv. Later this led to Perelman being offered a Fields Medal.

    3. Re:What a shock... by njj · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I work part-time for a couple of mathematics research journals and we do get the occasional crank submission. There's one guy who's been sending us, on average, a 'paper' every week or so for the past few years: typically a single, badly-written page of gibberish (we're talking Time Cube standard lunacy here) which is clearly not the work of someone who's ever seen a real mathematics paper. We've never responded to him, or even acknowledged any of his submissions (helpfully he prints his return address on the back of the envelope, so these days they go straight in the bin, unopened and unread) and yet he still keeps sending them in.

      The arXiv also tends to get its fair share of crank submissions, usually elementary attempted (but trivially broken) proofs of things like the Goldbach Conjecture, Fermat's Last Theorem and the like - I'm assuming that the really mad stuff is filtered out by the moderators.

      In contrast, at a quick glance to my nonspecialist eyes (I'm a knot theorist) Xian-Jin Li's preprint looks like a genuine (if flawed) attempt by a serious, qualified mathematician who specialises in the relevant area. Fair play to him for trying, though. I'm also not sure I'd characterise Terence Tao or Alain Connes' refutations as 'rebukes' - they looked more like dispassionate analyses of the paper's flaws to me, the sort of discussion you'd expect from the peer-refereeing process.

    4. Re:What a shock... by colinrichardday · · Score: 2, Funny

      See if she weighs the same as a duck?

    5. Re:What a shock... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Note to self... change return address and place on front of envelope for further submissions of trilateral energy helix, and stop writing in crayon..

      Must get the cold fusion free energy from water proof out there!

    6. Re:What a shock... by djdavetrouble · · Score: 1

      (I'm a knot theorist)

      So how is work coming on the time cube knot ?

      --
      music lover since 1969
    7. Re:What a shock... by Gnavpot · · Score: 1

      helpfully he prints his return address on the back of the envelope, so these days they go straight in the bin, unopened and unread

      This person is obviously a lawyer. He is preparing you for the real and very important letter that he is obliged by law to send you but really does not want you to read before it is too late.

    8. Re:What a shock... by ConceptJunkie · · Score: 1

      IANAM, but I love to read about it. Maybe you can answer this for me, since you are a knot expert. ;-)

      I've read that you can't have knots in 4-space, so how do 4-dimensional beings tie their shoes?

      --
      You are in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike.
    9. Re:What a shock... by Artifakt · · Score: 1

      I've read that you can't have knots in 4-space, so how do 4-dimensional beings tie their shoes?

      Velcro, but unfortunately there are eight pieces to a velcro set there. (The proof of this is, of course, trivial, per novakyu (636495)). All sentient creatures in 4-space must therefore have at least a pair of hyper-thumbs (thumbs cubed), and not just supra-thumbs (thumbs squared), QED.

      --
      Who is John Cabal?
    10. Re:What a shock... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      IANYGP (or a topologist, but I do graph theory). Your reading should be supplemented with a trivial google search. I suggest the term: 4-space knot. The first several hits will "undo" your understanding, and explain how knotted surfaces work in four (or more) spatial dimensions.

    11. Re:What a shock... by njj · · Score: 1

      You can't knot ('nontrivially embed') 1-dimensional string in 4-space, because the fourth dimension (degree of freedom) means you can get rid of the knot by lifting a small section of the string perpendicular to the other three dimensions, which means there's now a gap in the string in the original 3-dimensional 'slice' of 4-space, through which you can pass any awkward strands of the knot.

      But, although you can't knot 1-dimensional string in 4-space, you can knot 2-dimensional surfaces. This is less easy to visualise, but one way to get started is to picture a knotted length of string sweeping out a surface. A good place to start if you're interested in visualising higher dimensions is 'The Fourth Dimension' by the SF author, logician and mathematician Rudy Rucker.

    12. Re:What a shock... by njj · · Score: 1

      Strings snag on 4 corners of 24 hour time cube. Time cube knot will destroy evil humanity.

      I'm so sorry, I don't know what came over me. I do apologise.

    13. Re:What a shock... by ConceptJunkie · · Score: 1

      I've read some of Rudy Rucker's stuff, but don't recall if I've read that one. I'll have to look it up. I just discovered "Dimensions", the movie made by some French mathematicians with POV-Ray, which I've used since the early 90's. The movie is really cool and talks about geometry, particularly in regards to 4-space, and of course is very visual (we're talking eye candy). The coolest part was that my kids loved it. They sat with rapt attention while this movie is demonstrating geometry proofs and showing 3-D projections of rotating hypercubes and stuff.

      http://www.dimensions-math.org/

      I've read a fair bit on the topic, but frankly, the visualization part eludes me still. ;-)

      --
      You are in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike.
  12. Begs the question... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Did Dr. Li _really_ believe he had a solid proof on his hands or simply publishing bullshit in the hopes of...no verification? 15 minutes of fame? Some things we will never know.

  13. Prof Connes also a Fields medalist by HuguesT · · Score: 4, Informative

    Just wanted to point out that Professor Connes is also a Fields medalist (1982).

    I guess it is a testament to Xian-Jin Li excellent reputation and the importance of the topic that these two mathematical superstars took the time to look at his proof.

    1. Re:Prof Connes also a Fields medalist by smartdreamer · · Score: 1

      Sorry but it only means that at this level it takes great mathematicians (or a computer) to invalidate Li's claim. Or... maybe it's pride that motivates them (hypothesis). Note that I could have refuted this proof, but who would have believed me?

      Anywany, Li lost his honnor and should seppuku himself to preserve it. Mathematics are a serious field Mr. Li, failure is not an option.

    2. Re:Prof Connes also a Fields medalist by Raenex · · Score: 1

      Note that I could have refuted this proof, but who would have believed me?

      So what papers have you published?

      Li lost his honnor and should seppuku himself to preserve it.

      Wrong nationality. Plus you spelled honor wrong. Failure all around.

    3. Re:Prof Connes also a Fields medalist by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The paper is certainly a serious attempt on RH (I'm a mathematician.).
      Since it refers to Connes' work and is an attempt on a famous problem it is natural that he would have a look at it.
      This hasn't done much to do with the "reputation" of the author, I guess some well-known people would have had a look at it, even the author was just a PhD student (given it was a serious attempt, i.e. no crackpottery).
      Remember we are talking about mathematics here and things work differently than in other sciences.

    4. Re:Prof Connes also a Fields medalist by AllIGotWasThisNick · · Score: 1

      you spelled honor wrong

      You spelt honour incorrectly as well, but 'wrong' is your real failure here.

    5. Re:Prof Connes also a Fields medalist by Raenex · · Score: 1

      You spelt honour incorrectly as well

      I use American spelling, not British.

      but 'wrong' is your real failure here

      I don't even know what this means.

    6. Re:Prof Connes also a Fields medalist by beuges · · Score: 1

      I don't even know what this means.

      I believe the correct way to put it would have been "Plus you spelled honour wrongly". Consider if you used the word 'incorrect' instead of 'wrong' - "Plus you spelled honour incorrect" is wrong - it should be "Plus you spelled honour incorrectly".

    7. Re:Prof Connes also a Fields medalist by Raenex · · Score: 1

      "spelled honor wrong" is perfectly correct, idiomatic American English. I did some quick searches to back this up:

      http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/ask-teacher/101-wrong-wrongly-spelled-spelt.html

      http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=wrong

      See the many examples of "wrong" used as an adverb in the dictionary reference. I think it's clear that the original poster is used to British English, and it sounds like you are too.

  14. there was no rebuke by phr1 · · Score: 5, Insightful
    And the slashdot post I think miscasts Connes's remark. It's not like Connes quit reading the proof because it so full of crap that Connes got disgusted. Proofs are chains of reasoning that don't hold together if there is a single link that's flawed. So as soon as Connes found an error that he didn't see how to fix, there wasn't any point to continuing, everything that relied on the erroneous step simply couldn't be supported. Like if I tell you my plan for making a 1000 mpg car, and it turns out to depend fundamentally on steel being lighter than air. This dependence might be subtle enough that neither of us realized it at first, so I'm not necessarily a crackpot for coming up with such a plan. But as soon as the problem is noticed, the rest of the details become irrelevant.

    The proof was a legitimate effort by a non-crackpot, but the ideas in it were well known to specialists in the field and were generally understood to not be powerful enough to crack the problem. So the errors were found fairly quickly. Scott Aaronson's post Ten Signs that a claimed mathematical breakthrough is wrong item #10 may be helpful in understanding what happened.

    1. Re:there was no rebuke by Lisandro · · Score: 1

      Like if I tell you my plan for making a 1000 mpg car, and it turns out to depend fundamentally on steel being lighter than air. This dependence might be subtle enough that neither of us realized it at first, so I'm not necessarily a crackpot for coming up with such a plan.

      I thought i was the only one who made those mundane mistakes.

    2. Re:there was no rebuke by khallow · · Score: 2, Interesting

      A failed proof can still be worth reading, if it has interesting proof techniques or novel math structures in it. For example, ring theory, algebraic geometry, and moduli spaces were (as I understand it) due in part to failed proof attempts for Fermat's Last Theorem.

    3. Re:there was no rebuke by jim.shilliday · · Score: 1

      I agree -- as I said in reply to an earlier comment here, I didn't mean to suggest that Connes disapproved of the proof at all, let alone became disgusted with it. I suspect that our editorial overlord used "rebuke" when he meant "refute," and even "refute" might be too strong. I hope that Li, Connes, Tao and their colleagues continue their conversation in public -- it's a privilege to watch them work. We spectators are lucky that Li published his proof in a relatively short paper, so that other mathematicians have been willing and able to examine it right away. There's a discussion on Tao's blog - http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2008/02/07/structure-and-randomness-in-the-prime-numbers/#comment-30767 - that outlines the current state of the saga.

      --
      Jim Shilliday
    4. Re:there was no rebuke by Raenex · · Score: 1

      Like if I tell you my plan for making a 1000 mpg car, and it turns out to depend fundamentally on steel being lighter than air. This dependence might be subtle enough that neither of us realized it at first, so I'm not necessarily a crackpot for coming up with such a plan.

      Your post makes a good point, but this is the worst car analogy I've ever seen on Slashdot :)

  15. Didn't read it through by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Connes posted a comment on his blog stating that the purported proof is so badly flawed that he stopped reading it."

    Yes, yes.. I stopped reading it for the same reason.

  16. Re: Sig by ISoldat53 · · Score: 1

    Yes it will. It's electric.

  17. Sensational by ardle · · Score: 1

    "Rebuke"is not a technical word and is certainly not what happened.
    The whole thing was a bit more polite than the way it has been descibed here - as anyone who follows the link will find, at least.

  18. Absurd moderation by INowRegretThesePosts · · Score: 1

    Who modded the parent "Troll"? I disagree with the parent, but I see absolutely no reason to call him "troll". I think people tend to assume bad faith, even when good faith is possible and often the most likely possibility.

  19. Mathemathicians? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Mathemathicians == Super mathematicians ?

  20. Obligatory Futurama Quote by orkysoft · · Score: 1

    "Oh, tough talk for someone with only one Fields medal!" -- Wernstrom (to Farnsworth)

    --

    I suffer from attention surplus disorder.
  21. I agree by ohell · · Score: 1

    The "proof" is that of Theorem 7.3 page 29 in Li's paper, but I stopped reading it when I saw that he is extending the test function h from ideles to adeles by 0 outside ideles and then using Fourier transform (see page 31).

    me too.

    --
    Three o'clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. - Jean-Paul Sartre
  22. Wrong problem! by chrisjrn · · Score: 1

    Actually, factoring prime numbers is not NP complete, as it has already been proven to be in P on Quantum computers. So, if factoring were NP-complete, then we could very happily say that P=NP.

    1. Re:Wrong problem! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      That's a meaningless statement for several reasons:

      1. Problems in P and NP return either true or false on each input, so "determine the prime factorization of N" is not really in either class. AFAIK it's unknown whether any sufficiently close problems of that form are in P, are NP-complete, etc.

      2. More importantly, "P=NP" is a conjecture about problems solved by Turing machines. Quantum computers are not equivalent to Turing machines (they're too strong), so having a polynomial-time algorithm for some problem on a quantum computer gives us no information about whether or not it's in P.

    2. Re:Wrong problem! by KDR_11k · · Score: 1

      BQP (Bounded error, Quantum, Polynomial time which that algorithm is in) is not the same as P.

      --
      Justice is the sheep getting arrested while an impartial judge declares the vote void.
    3. Re:Wrong problem! by chrisjrn · · Score: 1

      Point taken. Factoring primes is still not NP-Complete, which was the point I should have been trying to make.

    4. Re:Wrong problem! by Doug+Merritt · · Score: 1

      Point taken. Factoring primes is still not NP-Complete, which was the point I should have been trying to make.

      You meant "factoring INTO primes", of course. Your typo is a common one, but people tend to be extremely unforgiving about that one, since idiots who don't know squat about the subject (such as Bush) have famously made it, too, presumably without understanding how fantastically ludicrous the phrase is. (I'm sure in your case it was merely a slip; I'm just saying...)

      As for its complexity, you might want to refresh your memory. E.g.: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_factorization#Difficulty_and_complexity

      --
      Professional Wild-Eyed Visionary
  23. Other versions by obliv!on · · Score: 1

    Li's already posted revisions since the original two that were up when this first appeared here. I wonder if those being critical have read the most recent version.

  24. Preprints are not ideal. by pavon · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Yeah, this is becoming a real problem with the preprint journals. Media groups like New Scientist will run a hyped-up story on some "ground-breaking new development" which will have propagated through the blog echo-chamber before other scientists have even had a chance to review it. It's not enough for the media to completely butcher the science they do present, now they have to present results which haven't even had cursory review. It's no wonder the public doesn't trust science considering what is is being presented to them.

    It also creates unnecessary drama within the science community by means of the Leonardo DiCaprio affect - the more people hype a star the more everyone else hates them. The author of these papers are usually legitimate scientists who just made an honest mistake, whose only crime was submitting their preprint to ArXiv just like thousands of other scientists. But now they are suddenly being framed as "genius underdog" / "cocky attention whore" by the media and scientists.

    The only reason that the preprint journals exist is as a loophole to get around normal journals posting rules. I'm really hoping that preprint journals will fade away as more reviewed papers are published for free X months after their journal publication date.

  25. Refute, not rebuke by Cato · · Score: 1

    I think Connes was refuting the proof which is a more neutral term than rebuke (which means telling off).

  26. Also by Evildonald · · Score: 1

    Interestingly enough, this rebuke has also disproved what is known as the "Reindeer Effect"

  27. Some more variations of black sheep counting by patio11 · · Score: 1

    Particle Physicist: There is either a black sheep in Scotland or there is a stationary black sheep somewhere but I cannot say with certainty that there is a stationary black sheep in Scotland and, for that matter, I'm not really sure Scotland exists.

    Biologist: A sheep in Scotland is expressing the "black" phenotype.

    Geneticist: Color? Boring, solved problem. Ask me why he is antisocial.

    Evolutionary Geneticist: I know why there are black sheep.

    Creationist: No he doesn't!

    Philosopher: They're both right.

    Computer Scientist: black_sheep++

    C Programmer: q++

    Perl Programmer: $_[$&]++

    PHP Programmer: I'm busy looking for how to increase count of variable by one, but haven't found the answer on Google, and will eventually use a system call to execute the Perl guy's solution*

    Liberal Arts Major: Its a sheep of color, people.

    * You would laugh less at this if *you* were the guy trying to read through and analyze 125 pages of outsourced PHP which uses this "solution" 30 times, invariably calling code that has already been used for Perl golf practice, with sparse comments written only in Japanese.

  28. Re:Guess Again! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    According to Wikipedia "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-body_problem"
    There is a solution to th n-body case, but it converges very slowly and is impractical to use.

  29. Passing comment after my first comment by imag94 · · Score: 1

    I read some of the comments after I posted my first comment. I particularly point out one where the one who posted claims to be working partime for a Mathematical Journal. His comments that a Crank sents one page material on a weekly basis. He may be a crank but I don't subscribe to the fact that one page paper writen in some format is always a requirement for Mathematical publication. It implies that a person who does the hard part of the work also has to have the skill of a 'glorified stenographer or Secratary' to make his or her work published for others to scrutny. Such comments are illfounded. A page or many pages doesn't make any difference to me as long as the contents are valueble. Mathew Cherian

  30. My Proof by imag94 · · Score: 1

    Please check on httpp://www.riemann.co.in for my proof for Riemann Hypothesis. I believe it has meaning in the Engineering and Physical Sciences. May be some times in the Bhor Atomic Models etc; It is for other field specialists to figure out how this phenomenon is associated with their field. Mathew Cherian