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Superconducting Power Grid Launches In New York
EmagGeek writes "IEEE is running a story about a new superconducting power grid that was energized in April in New York State. The lines operate at 138kV and are cooled to 65-75K to maintain superconductivity. These lines are run underground and can carry 150 times more electricity than copper lines of the same cross section. The project is funded with taxpayer dollars through the Department of Energy."
A related story at MarketWatch indicates that this is part of a large-scale effort to upgrade aging infrastructure.
Besides economics, another advantage the company is touting is that the cables can prevent fault currents, surges that are caused by grid-scale short circuits. Superconductors have an inherent current-limiting ability in that if the current increases past a certain threshold, they lose their superconducting abilities and become normally resistive, damping the current.
Hmm, interesting, but there's more. simply follow the links in TFA and you'll come to these:
"So there's been a stir over the disclosure that AMSC is under investigation by the office of Representative John Dingell, a Democratic congressman from Michigan, one of the most influential U.S. legislators, and an aggressive inquisitor."
"The incident that aroused Dingell's suspicions was the award in 2006 by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security of a multi-million dollar no-bid contract to AMSC to develop and test what it's calling Secure Super Grids in New York City. Working with the local utility Consolidated Edison Co., AMSC plans to develop and install superconducting cables that would connect substations in a much tighter mesh, so that if stations or feeder cables fail, power can be instantly rerouted. Feeder cable failures were implicated in the 1999 and 2006 New York City neighborhood blackouts."
Wow, I didn't know the DHS was responsible for awarding no-bid contracts to energy interests. There ain't no business like no-bidness!
What happens when a 'Terrorist' finds a way to purge/rupture the coolant? *POOF*
What happens if lightning directly strikes the conductor's coolant jacket? Could that cause a coolant jacket leak?
Maybe the US will now leapfrog from an antiquated power distribution system to the most advanced in the world. Maybe. One positive aspect of this is the reduction of energy loss due to the superconductivity. This may also allow long distance lines to be run (even though the cooling will be a problem) which might help balance out the grid when needed.
According to Wikipedia, super conducting cables will use roughly half the energy saved for cooling, but since losses are around 7%, that's still a rather high amount of energy saved.
What about if photovoltaic research increases the efficiency of solar cells to the point where having a roof full of them supplies more power than your house would ever need (even if, say, you were doing arc welding in your garage)? What about advances in hyrdogen fuel cell technology to the point where your water heater is replaced by a combination unit that heats water for your house, and also supplies electricity, yet still runs off of natural gas (BTW this is available in Japan as we speak)? These technologies aren't very far off now, and the combination of them, plus high efficiency batteries for storage of excess power generated would give every homeowner the option of being completely off the grid.
In a standard copper line the value is zero: we don't cool them
Conventional underground transmission lines are oil cooled. Superconducting transmission lines have almost zero resistance and should require less cooling once they reach working temperature.
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ConEd (NYC's electric supplier) got approvale for a 23% rate increase yesterday
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You might want to ask anyone who's ever been in a MRI why the dang thing works at all without it's superconducting super magnets.
According to Wikipedia and your information, MRIs generally use Liquid helium to cool things down to 4K. That's not a high temperature even in the superconductor world.
oh hey, and what about the maglev train in japan, or various ones in germany?? do you honestly think that doing magleg based on normal electromagnets would be energy efficient?
Only one major Maglev line, the JR-Maglev, uses high temperature superconductors. JR-Maglev is not commercial; it's just research. Currently, there are two major commercial Maglevs, neither of which use high temperature superconductors (let alone any superconducting at all).
These are the reasons I felt that high temperature superconducting is vaporware. It gets a lot of research and demos, but not much real world application. The Japan demo maglev is close, but it was never put in large scale or commercial use. The power grid in TFA seems to be one of the first mass commercial uses of superconducting used. YMMV, someone point out my fail if there have been more uses of high temperature superconductivity in the public space.
For places with high-density population such as Manhattan, generating locally isn't feasible for now, and won't be for a long time to come. Improving the grid here is worthwhile.
If you are an American and work, you most like did. This one was funded by federal taxpayers.
I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
In order to keep liquid nitrogen from just boiling off (relatively) extreme insulation is required. Liquid hydrogen is much worse in this regard.
In cold boxes (which feature pretty complex, closely-packed piping) we'd use at least 12" of perlite insulation from exterior heat sources. For critical individual lines you're talking about vacuum jacketing with at least a 1" vacuum annular space and special shielding, which is what those "high-tech", stainless steel containers are (sort of). These containers and the similar piping are incredibly expensive to fabricate and install.
The notion that "supercooling" with liquefied gases anywhere outside of labs and special installations is just absurd.
But wait! Cryogenics were used to create the A-bomb, so there MUST be a conspiracy there!
In Canada in a place called crowleys ridge I came upon a truck sized super conductor based stabilizer used to connect the wind farm at that location to the power grid.
Not exactly mass market but definitely an application of superconduction.
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So it costs some significant amount of power to cool them down to their working temperature, but once there, the super conductors keep their temperature almost for free, you only have to make up for what is lost because of the insulation.
So if I turned off my freezer all I'd have to do to keep the low temperature would be to "top up" the cooling agent to maintain heat lost through the insulation? Isn't that what refrigerators do already?
Do you have any clue how cold it has to be for superconducting? "Making cool" is extremely power-intensive when you want to go down to those temperatures.
More reasons to do the power transport in DC, then convert it back to AC for the substation transformers.
The inductive losses should be zero if it is a DC current. I believe this to be true because I have a 7 Tesla SC magnet that has the same electrons running around inside of it that it did over 8 years ago. The only thing I have done to maintain this current is add liquid helium twice a year (it boils off) and liquid nitrogen every week. The liquid helium costs about 400-500 bucks a year, and the LN2 is virtually free- I use maybe 40 or 50 L a week, so over a year, that is MAYBE a thousand bucks, if even that. It is so inexpensive (cheaper than pop) that we don't pay for it out of our research group's funds, our department or perhaps the University just subsidizes it.
Why is the voltage so high ?
Surely, if there is zero resistance, then there is no need to reduce the current to save on energy loss, so why still transmit at such a high voltage with the superconductor ?
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Oh come now. It's perhaps a dream target for terrorists, perhaps even for radical fundamentalist Muslims, if you stretch, but I doubt that every one of the billion Muslims in the world goes to sleep dreaming about blowing up power grids and bringing the U.S. to its knees.
High voltage AC transmission lines are famously inductive, such that transmission line workers where metal mesh in their suits so they don't get the weird feeling of the oscilating magnetic field through their bodies.
That's wild... it is news to me that humans are able to directly perceive even very strong magnetic fields. For example, I don't think patients feel anything when undergoing an MRI procedure. Can you cite a source for this information? Thanks
That that is is that that that that is not is not.
Huge engineering problem nothing. They freaking pump water uphill to bring it from the north and diverted the Colorado river 242 miles to bring water into the central valley, I don't think it's at all undoable to bring a superconducting line a similar distance.
There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
I'm from the area (very close to said power plant) so I figured I could clarify on why Long Island is the NIMBY capital of the world:
There are very few rivers and streams on Long Island, and most of them are in located in parks or protected woodlands. This means that almost all the drinking water for LI residents comes from ground water - most of it is contained in large underground aquifers.
Nuclear catastrophes usually involve radioactive material finding its way into the ground - and eventually the groundwater. This is a very unlikely scenario, but if it happened the outcome would be devastating. Houses here tend to be very expensive (compared to other parts of the country) and land values are always on the rise, which makes them a great investment for many residents who plan to sell their houses years down the road, move somewhere cheaper, and live off the difference. Any contamination of the groundwater would make housing values plummet and stay that way for a very, very long time. This is just not a risk that homeowners here are willing to take for a tiny decrease in electricity costs. Whether or not they are well-informed is a different issue.
Add in the fact that shipping in drinking water from anywhere would be very difficult/expensive and a major evacuation of the island could take weeks. Both of these go double for the eastern parts of the island where there are few/no highways/ports. A major hurricane here would put New Orleans to shame.