IBM and AMD Create First 22nm SRAM Cell

arcticstoat notes an announcement from IBM that, along with technology partners, they have produced the first working sample of a SRAM cell built on a 22nm fabrication process. According to the article, this represents the next generation after 32nm process chips and won't be in products for some years. "The technology was developed with several partners, including AMD, Toshiba, STMicroelectronics and Freescale, as well as the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, where IBM performs a lot of its semiconductor research. IBM says that the cell's development involved 'novel fabrication processes,' including high-NA immersion lithography..., high-K metal gate stacks, extremely thin silicide, damascene copper contacts, and advanced activation techniques."

Comments

When will it stop?

[4D6963]

22 nm?? Aren't we dramatically approaching the theoretical limit? What is the theoretical limit by the way?

Re:When will it stop?

[TheMeuge]

Well, a single silicon atom has a radius of 110pm. I assume silicon dioxide molecule is ~500pm, which is something like 40X smaller than the 22nm process.

However, silicone dioxide is not perfectly stable and can "leak", as far as I understand it, which limits the process somewhat.

Again, assuming you need something 100X larger area-wise, you're looking at maybe a factor of 4X remaining until the process can't be shrunk any further.

But I am not an engineer.

Re:When will it stop?

[x2A]

I think the limits we're hitting at the moment are not so much due to the material we're cutting into, but the light we're using to do so. To cut finer we need narrower wavelength (=higher energy) light. We're already hitting the very high end of the ultra-violet spectrum (around 10nm) and approaching x-ray light. As the wavelength decreases, all sorts of other things start to change. Materials the used to reflect the light now start letting photons through, lenses no longer have any effect etc, so new ways have to be found to control light at higher frequencies.

But even here there are ideas to get around the problems, such as using quantum effects like creating interference patterns (I believe I read recently, but don't quote me on it) to cut details finer than the wavelength of the light.