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Small Robots Could Build Landing Site For Moon Base

A new NASA-sponsored study suggests that small lawnmower-sized robots could be used to build a landing site for a moon outpost. In order to be efficient a landing pad would have to be close to any structures created, but without an atmosphere to slow down the lunar sand it would sandblast the outpost, creating the need for some sort of protection. By using small robots to either build protective berms or collect rocks to "pave" a landing pad, NASA hopes to provide protection against the sand-blasting effects of a landing on the moon.

39 of 199 comments (clear)

  1. Robots building sand structures by MrEricSir · · Score: 3, Funny

    Now I know how I'm gonna win that sand castle contest this year...

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  2. Yeah right? by girlintraining · · Score: 2, Insightful

    If robots could be used in construction this complex, they already would. Right up here in Minnesota, there is a huge need for road repair and construction. If there was any way to automate the process more than it already is, it would be done by now. Any robot that could withstand the punishment of construction work would need to be very heavy, and also have a lot of redundancy built into it. It's one thing to make a little mini-rover with a camera and some sampling equipment. It's quite another to put a Caterpillar, cement truck, and support equipment up there, and expect it not to break. Sorry, but human beings need to be there... There are some things robots just can't do -- like repair themselves automatically. And I mean that in practical real-world terms, not in the laboratory.

    Build it on Earth first and make it work, then we'll talk about the moon.

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    1. Re:Yeah right? by MaxwellEdison · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The equiment would need to be that robust on Earth because of how heavy the building materials will be, and because those materials themselves need to be hearty enough to last through the effects of our corrosive atmosphere and stresses induced by the refreezing of water. With 1/6th the gravity and no atmospheric conditions, construction on the moon could be no more than a polymer bag filled up with moon dust and coiled into a simple igloo. Aside from getting the parts there and automating them to run unmanned or remotely, the working environment would not be that bad.

      --
      -=Bang Bang=-
    2. Re:Yeah right? by xonar · · Score: 5, Insightful

      ...If there was any way to automate the process more than it already is, it would be done by now.

      "Everything that can be invented has been invented."

      Sound familiar?

    3. Re:Yeah right? by HiThere · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I don't think you realize how drastically you are oversimplifying. The conditions are different, but not particularly easier. But competition from humans is nil, because humans need to carry life support. The equivalent for robots is much simpler. (Non-volatile greases, UV protection [i.e., no external plastic parts], etc.)

      Repair is probably going to be a problem. I expect that at least initially any non-functioning robot is going to need to be scrapped. But with care it's probable that many can be kept going for years. Grit will be a major problem.

      The lighter gravity means that the robots can have a lighter construction, but it also means that any berm will need to be higher. And the lack of water means that one can't use concrete.

      I think this project may be just on the far side of currently possible. Which means that be the time it gets implemented it's likely to be bleeding edge.

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      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    4. Re:Yeah right? by MaxwellEdison · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Of course I'm oversimplifying, it's an off the cuff comment on an internet message board. My main point is that its the dynamic conditions on Earth which cause the most harm, while on the moon many of those concerns are static (even static electricity, har har). Given a choice between the two, most engineers would rather solve the straightforward problem, with a well constrained range of variables, than the constantly shifting ones brought on by our climate.

      --
      -=Bang Bang=-
  3. Why not use a crater wall? by DavidTC · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Why not use a crater wall? Put the landing strip on the outside, the base on the inside, and cut a tunnel? (And build a ramp over/around for the big stuff.)

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  4. That's no moon... it's target practice by hansamurai · · Score: 2, Funny

    Just don't let the Chinese know where your moon base is going to be, they'll crash into it.

    http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7917957.stm

  5. MOON-E by MaxwellEdison · · Score: 2, Funny

    It's all well and good until a some half iPod, half egg timer robot swoops in and steals all the plants out of your greenhouse.

    --
    -=Bang Bang=-
  6. No hitchikers by argent · · Score: 5, Insightful

    No weather on the moon. No thieves. No vandals. No vegetation. No mud. 1/6th gee. No wind to blow piles of dirt away. It's a simpler environment to work in.

    Forget the construction work, could you build a rover that would last 90 days in Minnesota. just driving around photographing things?

    1. Re:No hitchikers by Walkingshark · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I somehow doubt this is going to be much of an issue. Chances are much higher for something like damage from thermal expansion/contraction from driving in and out of shadows to do in a rover, or getting that nasty abrasive moon dust into the moving parts.

      --
      The world you experience is only a close approximation of reality.
    2. Re:No hitchikers by argent · · Score: 3, Interesting

      It's possible some spacecraft have been hit by meteorites large enough to damage them, but space is pretty damned empty... even in crowded neighborhoods like LEO and the vicinity of Jupiter and Saturn (including Saturn's ring system) the biggest impacts are from dust-sized chunks. When probes fail they look for defects in design or operation before even considering impacts.

  7. Lawnmower size? by oodaloop · · Score: 4, Funny

    Sheesh. How about a standard unit of measurement here, like Volkswagen Beetles or African male elephants or telephone directories? Tell me they at least expressed their hard drive size in multiples of Libraries of Congress.

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    1. Re:Lawnmower size? by Lord+Pillage · · Score: 2, Informative

      They need the rover to be able to push aside the equivalent of 1.8 Olympic Swimming Pools of sand. It also needs to be able to traverse the grand canyon 3 times.

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    2. Re:Lawnmower size? by morgan_greywolf · · Score: 4, Informative

      1 Lawnmower = 0.1 Volkswagen Beetles = 20 telephone directories.

      Found via Google.

  8. It depends... by tjstork · · Score: 2, Insightful

    On just what the lunar soil is really like. We know a few bits from the various moon missions but its not like anyone tries to dig anything around up there. If the lunar soil was just a big pile of dust, then a robot pushing it around is rather doable. But if it had all sorts surprises in it, rocks, differences in composition that changes the way one digs, well then, the robots will run into problems.

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  9. I for one, *sigh*...too easy... by TiggertheMad · · Score: 5, Funny

    If there was any way to automate the process more than it already is, it would be done by now.

    Do you have any concept of which you are speaking? Why on earth (lol) would you want to further automate road construction in Minnesota? Human labor on this planet is pretty cheap, even if it is unionized. When you have fly that labor to off word, hiring someone to scrub the great wall of china with a toothbrush is cheap in comparison.

    Robots don't need air, food, or water. They can work for long periods of time in utterly hostile environments with little to no supervision. They don't get sick or bored. They can be mass produced. When you are done with them, they don't want to go home. And, they have yet to rise up and try to enslave humanity, which is more than we can say for humanity.

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    1. Re:I for one, *sigh*...too easy... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Robots also don't experience fear,

      Of course not

      doubt,

      Never!

      or vanity.

      It's not vanity; we are perfect.

      Signed,
      Your Hidden Robotic Overlords

      p.s.: get back to work, fleshy servitor, or we'll reassign you to pave our Lunar Base landing pads!

    2. Re:I for one, *sigh*...too easy... by girlintraining · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Do you have any concept of which you are speaking?

      Minneapolis/St.Paul metropolitan area is rapidly becoming snarled in traffic jams. We've recently deployed a light-rail transit system, serving approximately a dozen stops. It was wildly successful and there are plans to expand it, with the next leg going over the recently rebuilt 35E bridge that (as you might recall) fell into the river a year ago. Our public transit system though, bluntly stated, has the suck. Really, unless your destination is downtown, or your transportation is within minneapolis/st.paul proper, you'll be spending hours riding and waiting. Which means that in Minnesota, as soon as you can afford it -- you buy a car. Insurance, by the way, is mandatory. We have a relatively high cost of living index as well. Not only that, but our traffic system is already being pushed beyond capacity. Experiments in "high occupancy vehicle lanes" to secure federal tax dollars have frustrated commuters because it's being used largely as a toll system for the upper-class to bypass traffic snarls, especially along 394 and the 35E (burnsville)->94(minneapolis) corridor.

      Why on earth (lol) would you want to further automate road construction in Minnesota? Human labor on this planet is pretty cheap, even if it is unionized.

      Presently, the Minnesota Department of Transportation has a budget of approximately 2.2 billion dollars per year. We just biffed a few hundred million on reconstructing a bridge that fell into the river (oops), so we're kinda tight on funding right now. There are redesigns planned for most major freeway/freeway interchanges inside the 694/494 beltway, and we are already at capacity -- with average commute times of over 45 minutes. The budget has grown annually perhaps 5-9%, while the usage patterns indicate at least 15-23% (depending on who you ask) rises over the same period. In short, we're not keeping up. Adding insult to injury -- unlike California where temperatures are relatively constant and weather-related road repairs are at a minimum, leading to highway lifespans of 50 years or more... Up here in Minnesota, we need to resurface the roads perhaps every 5-7 years, and rebuild them entirely every 20 years or so due to high temperature variations and constant humidity and weathering. Concrete roads, common throughout most of the country, are not used here except for overpasses and select areas because they fall apart too quickly under weather conditions -- necessitating the use of less-robust black-top. So our per-mile maintenance costs are higher. As well, unlike in other parts of the world, we have at least a third of the year in which we can't build roads -- because the ground is frozen!

      In short, labor is more expensive up here, the build times are shorter, the demand is rising faster than supply, and alternatives simply don't exist. Why robots? Because they can work at -40 temperatures, doing 16 hour shifts. Because human labor is damned expensive up here, and because automation means we can do more work for our dollars spent. That is, if such technology existed. But it doesn't. Every mile of road we build takes a team of twenty people working at least a couple days. And it's crap work that nobody wants to do, and only a small subset of the population is physically capable OF doing -- which is why, regardless of how well it pays, there's going to remain a shortage.

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    3. Re:I for one, *sigh*...too easy... by argent · · Score: 3, Insightful

      All of those arguments work just as well in Minnesota as they do on Luna.

      MN is a much more hostile environment for robots than the moon is.

    4. Re:I for one, *sigh*...too easy... by Idiomatick · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Most of it IS done by robots. That giant tractor looking machine that resurfaces the road while it has a driver is 90% automated and makes the process MUCH faster than we could in past. There is no point in removing the rest of the crew because for the remaining jobs they do humans are still cheaper.

    5. Re:I for one, *sigh*...too easy... by Chris+Burke · · Score: 2, Insightful

      p.s.: get back to work, fleshy servitor, or we'll reassign you to pave our Lunar Base landing pads!

      Geeze. So on the plus side, robots don't experience fear, doubt, or vanity. On the minus side, they are kinda dicks.

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
    6. Re:I for one, *sigh*...too easy... by Tubal-Cain · · Score: 2, Funny

      Plus they need no fuel, no maintenance, and are impervious to physical damage.

      Excuse me?

      Fuel
      They don't put solar panels or RTGs on these things for the fun of it.

      Maintenance
      Spirit and Opportunity are doing well, but both have had various mechanical failures that are impedances.

      Impervious to physical damage
      No, just less fragile than humans in space.

    7. Re:I for one, *sigh*...too easy... by spacefiddle · · Score: 2, Funny

      WHOOSH!

  10. Crater by flyingfsck · · Score: 4, Funny

    I think constructing berms and such is redundant. After a few typical NASA landing attempts, there should be a nice crater at the landing site with berms to protect the base.

    --
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  11. Re:Creating robots is a bad idea! by oodaloop · · Score: 2, Funny

    OMFG! Those were REAL? I thought those were just fiction!

    --
    Tic-Tac-Toe, Global Thermonuclear War, and relationships all have the same winning move.
  12. Re:Creating robots is a bad idea! by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 3, Funny

    I, for one, live in terror at the idea that machines built for shoving sand around in 1/6th gravity might someday rise up to destroy me. When the last of the brain-apes is buried knee deep in a sad little grit pile, truly they shall rue the day they created the earthmover robot.

  13. Sweet! At that gravity... by RevWaldo · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Mouser Mecha-Catbot might have a shot at beating BioHazard.

  14. Graviton flux by this+great+guy · · Score: 5, Funny

    Why doesn't NASA simply use a reverse graviton flux to land the spacecraft without any rocket blowing towards the lunar sand ? Oh wait... you guys haven't discovered yet how to create gravitons right ? Shit. I hope I haven't modified this timeline too much by revealing things you aren't supposed to know. Shitshitshit.

  15. Sandblast First by DynaSoar · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Many small vs. one large makes good sense in case of failure(s). Either way, why not blast the dust away as the preparation stage? A squadron of small crawlers with a high gas expansion motor (for simplicity, monopropellant such as UDMH, as in Shuttle steering thrusters or H2O2 as in Armadillo's landers) pointed ahead and slightly down. They'd line up side by side, crawl away from the base site, blasting the dust away in front of them like a line of snow blowers.

    Yes, this design might require more mass to be sent to the moon initially due to the mass of reaction gas. However it leaves a bunch of functional crawlers for other tasks plus a bunch of functional motors that can be used to construct suborbital lifters.

    If there's water ice, they could be constructed to harvest it, use the solar UV to convert it to H2O2, and be self-refilling. This would be slower because where there's ice there's less sunlight. Armadillo's designs would be very likely to be adaptable because they've built not only H2O2 lifter motors, but also H2O2 production facilities. A digger/UV/vacuum design is very different from their fuel production design (quite likely far more reliable), but they have some experience with the subject, and already have award money for designing landers.

    --
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  16. Re:Avoid the target area!! by RabidMoose · · Score: 3, Funny

    We attempted to assasinate Murphy, but it all went horribly wrong.

  17. Re:One day... by stoolpigeon · · Score: 2, Funny

    yeah - then the nanobots go all wrong and reduce the moon to a lifeless planet of grey rock and dust. what will you do then?

    --
    It's hard to believe that's how Micronians are made. Why don't we see it right now by having you both kiss one another?
  18. EARTH is the hostile environment... by argent · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Why robots? Because they can work at -40 temperatures, doing 16 hour shifts.

    Except they can't, because apart from the fact that you're lucky to get 8 hours of sunshine in MN when it's -40 out, things like rain and snow and vandals and wind and mud and thieves that make your average human grumble in the pub after work bollix up robots completely.

    Every mile of road we build takes a team of twenty people working at least a couple days.

    You're building roads damn fast in MN.

    The robots we're talking about only have to build 160 feet of dirt-pile. They don't even have to compact it. And they can take six months to do the job. And, again, they don't have to worry about wind and rain and green things with teeth and Mrs Cake.

  19. Re:Fire the robots by stoolpigeon · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I'll go. Tomorrow. Somebody get me a shovel and a suit.

    --
    It's hard to believe that's how Micronians are made. Why don't we see it right now by having you both kiss one another?
  20. Re:radiation protection, prooly more important by MaxwellEdison · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The soil shield would be for protection from micrometeorites and also keep the area inside in constant shade, reducing thermal effects that may be caused while transitioning from sun to shade. a properly shielded and pressurized habitat could then be constructed within. The habitat could use a magnetic field generator in combination with other shielding materials to protect the "Lunarians".

    --
    -=Bang Bang=-
  21. Blind to the Obvious by Un+pobre+guey · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Making robots build "the outpost." It never fails to amaze how close people can come to seeing that which is right before their eyes, but not actually get there. We do not need a human outpost. There is no technical or scientific justification for one. Everything worth doing on the moon or in the rest of our solar system can be done with robots. Sending people up there to putter around is a colossal waste of money that detracts from the valuable work of scientific research and technical innovation. It is just plain stupid.

    Amazing. Absolutely amazing.

  22. Re:Allow me to quote Robert Browning by Un+pobre+guey · · Score: 2, Informative
    You are clearly a late-comer. Your argument is not merely rubbish, it is a straw man made of rubbish. I favor space exploration at least as much as anyone on this forum. The point you are missing is that a human being does not need to be physically present to explore space. In fact, the presence of humans impedes exploration by burning up the lion's share of resources in maintaining livable conditions. Look at the history of space exploration, from the points of view of both scientific achievement and exploratory coverage. The vast bulk was done with unmanned equipment.

    Why do you provide those quotes to refute my post? In what way am I in opposition to them? They were written long before there were robots. Your tone is starry-eyed, shallow-thinking, and reliant purely on emotional impulse, precisely the sorts of traits that explorers tend not to possess.

    Unlike you, apparently, I actually want space exploration to occur, not just talk about it or daydream about my favorite sci-fi stories and cartoons.

  23. Heard this in the 1980s. by Animats · · Score: 2, Informative

    Some of the Stanford AI crowd in the 1980s were talking up a proposal for a long-term project to build robots capable of building a moon base by the year 2000. I commented at the time "How soon can you do it in Arizona?" This yielded some embarrassment.

    NASA robotics efforts have had an overall negative effect on robotics as a field. They take forever, they produce one-off devices, and they suck smart people out of useful areas. JPL's rovers are really rather simple-minded devices, and are mostly teleoperated. They're just well engineered. Robotics efforts out of the NASA "centers" have generally been embarrassing.

  24. Re:Don't lift the mass from earth... by hey! · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Come now. Nobody seriously things we should send bricks to the moon. Initially we'll send any structures we need, but any reasonable moon industrialization or colonization will require using local materials. But the first step in using local materials on a large scale will certainly involve moving a great deal of mass, probably far more mass than we'd need to significantly increase our initial capacity there.

    That's the point: you need to spend mass to save mass. Sending giant solar furnaces to the Moon would be a huge investment that would almost certainly not pay off on the scale we could contemplate in the immediate future, because we don't have enough investment in the other things we'd need to exploit that. Debris berm building robots sounds about right.

    An interesting thought occurs though. One solution to the mass problem is simply patience. Since the Von Neumann approach is based on exploiting exponential growth, but growth doesn't have to be fast at the outset. Suppose you put ten robots on the moon that could scavenge enough material to make one robot in ten years. After the first ten years, you'd have 11 robots. After a hundred years, you'd have about 25 robots. After a 1000 years, you'd have almost 14,000 robots. After 2000 years, you'd have 190 million robots.

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