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A History of Storage, From Punch Cards To Blu-ray

notthatwillsmith writes "Maximum PC just posted a comprehensive visual retrospective about data storage, starting with the once state of the art punch card and moving through the popular formats of yesteryear, including everything from magtape to Blu-ray discs. It's amazing how much data you could pack on a few hundred feet of half-inch magnetic tape!"

46 of 160 comments (clear)

  1. Incomplete by fahrbot-bot · · Score: 4, Funny

    The article fails to include the Library of Congress, to which all other storage mediums should be compared...

    --
    It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
    1. Re:Incomplete by Farmer+Tim · · Score: 4, Funny

      A good metric in general, but in this case the first page would consist of a zero, a decimal point, and lots of other zeros followed eventually by a significant digit.

      If I want to read a whole lot of nothing I'll go to Digg...

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    2. Re:Incomplete by gnick · · Score: 2, Informative

      Indeed. Who in the world uses bites when the Library of Congress is the standard measurement for data storage. Let's call 1 LOC approximately 20 TB and use the max storage quoted in TFA:

      Punch Card (960 bits) ~= 0.000000006 LOCs
      Magnetic tape (35 kB) ~= 0.00000175 LOCs
      IBM Magnetic Tape (1 TB) ~= 0.05 LOCs
      Audio Tape (1400 kB) ~= 0.00000007 LOCs
      T10000 Magnetic Tape (1 TB) ~= 0.05 LOCs
      8" floppy (1.2 MB) ~= 0.00006 LOCs
      5.25" floppy (1.2 MB) ~= 0.00006 LOCs
      3.5" floppy ~= 0.000072 LOCs
      CD (700MB) ~= 0.035 LOCs
      Magneto-optical drive (2.6 GB) ~= 0.13 LOCs
      MiniDisc (1 GB) ~= 0.05 LOCs
      Colorado backup (14 GB) ~= 0.7 LOCs
      Compact flash (100 GB) ~= 5 LOCs
      Zip drive (750 MB) ~= 0.0375 LOCs
      Jaz drive (2 GB) ~= 0.1 LOCs
      DVD (8.5 GB) ~= 0.425 LOCs
      LS-120 (240 MB) ~= 0.012 LOCs
      SmartMedia (128 MB) ~= 0.0064 LOCs
      Microdrive (8 GB) ~= 0.4 LOCs
      2.5" portable hard drive (1 TB) ~= 0.05 LOCs
      SD (32 GB) ~= 1.6 LOCs
      USB flash (64 GB) ~= 3.2 LOCs
      HD-DVD (30 GB) ~= 1.5 LOCs
      Blu-ray (50 GB) ~= 2.5 LOCs

      Now we have some perspective. Much more useful.

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    3. Re:Incomplete by gnick · · Score: 4, Informative

      Crud. That big long post and I had GB == TB all the way through... The only places I had it right are where I screwed up TB v GB on both sides... To be fair, though, you mangled it too - 1.6/1000 != .16. Let's try that again:

      Punch Card (960 bits) ~= 0.000000000006 LOCs
      Audio Tape (1400 kB) ~= 0.00000000007 LOCs
      Magnetic tape (35 kB) ~= 0.00000000175 LOCs
      8" floppy (1.2 MB) ~= 0.00000006 LOCs
      5.25" floppy (1.2 MB) ~= 0.00000006 LOCs
      3.5" floppy ~= 0.000000072 LOCs
      SmartMedia (128 MB) ~= 0.0000064 LOCs
      LS-120 (240 MB) ~= 0.000012 LOCs
      CD (700MB) ~= 0.000035 LOCs
      Zip drive (750 MB) ~= 0.0000375 LOCs
      MiniDisc (1 GB) ~= 0.00005 LOCs
      Jaz drive (2 GB) ~= 0.0001 LOCs
      Magneto-optical drive (2.6 GB) ~= 0.00013 LOCs
      Microdrive (8 GB) ~= 0.0004 LOCs
      DVD (8.5 GB) ~= 0.000425 LOCs
      Colorado backup (14 GB) ~= 0.0007 LOCs
      HD-DVD (30 GB) ~= 0.0015 LOCs
      SD (32 GB) ~= 0.0016 LOCs
      Blu-ray (50 GB) ~= 0.0025 LOCs
      USB flash (64 GB) ~= 0.0032 LOCs
      Compact flash (100 GB) ~= 0.005 LOCs
      IBM Magnetic Tape (1 TB) ~= 0.05 LOCs
      T10000 Magnetic Tape (1 TB) ~= 0.05 LOCs
      2.5" portable hard drive (1 TB) ~= 0.05 LOCs

      Better?

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    4. Re:Incomplete by Bromskloss · · Score: 2, Funny

      The article fails to include the Library of Congress, to which all other storage mediums should be compared...

      You should see how much information there is at the Congress of Libraries!

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    5. Re:Incomplete by slyn · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Was I the only one who thought it was odd that Betamax disks don't make the list at all? They mention it at the very end, they go over the HD-DVD and Blu-ray competition, and feature more obscure storage options (magneto-optical?). Why they actually left it out completely is beyond me

    6. Re:Incomplete by Hatta · · Score: 5, Funny

      It's nicer with metric prefixes.

      Punch Card (960 bits) ~= 6 picoLOCs
      Audio Tape (1400 kB) ~= 70 picoLOCs
      Magnetic tape (35 kB) ~= 1.75 nanoLOCs
      8" floppy (1.2 MB) ~= 60 nanoLOCs
      5.25" floppy (1.2 MB) ~= 60 nanoLOCs
      3.5" floppy ~= 72 nanoLOCs
      SmartMedia (128 MB) ~= 6.4 microLOCs
      LS-120 (240 MB) ~= 12 microLOCs
      CD (700MB) ~= 35 microLOCs
      Zip drive (750 MB) ~= 37 microLOCs
      MiniDisc (1 GB) ~= 50 microLOCs
      Jaz drive (2 GB) ~= 100 microLOCs
      Magneto-optical drive (2.6 GB) ~= 130 microLOCs
      Microdrive (8 GB) ~= 400 microLOCs
      DVD (8.5 GB) ~= 425 microLOCs
      Colorado backup (14 GB) ~= 700 microLOCs
      HD-DVD (30 GB) ~= 1.5 milliLOCs
      SD (32 GB) ~= 1.6 milliLOCs
      Blu-ray (50 GB) ~= 2.5 milliLOCs
      USB flash (64 GB) ~= 3.2 milliLOCs
      Compact flash (100 GB) ~= 5 milliLOCs
      IBM Magnetic Tape (1 TB) ~= 50 milliLOCs
      T10000 Magnetic Tape (1 TB) ~= 50 milliLOCs
      2.5" portable hard drive (1 TB) ~= 50 milliLOCs

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    7. Re:Incomplete by Divebus · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Betamax was used for digital storage starting in 1981 - using the PCM-F1 digital audio processor and the SL-2000 Betamax recorder, you had an excellent portable digital audio recorder and mastering machine.

      --

      Most of the stuff on /. won't survive first contact with facts.
    8. Re:Incomplete by kitgerrits · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I remember ads for devices that will hook your PC to a VCR, so you could use is as a 'tape drive'.
      Although, that was in the 90s and I can't find any on Google...

      Apparently there has even been a D-VHS drive (I neever heard of it before).

      --
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  2. The one-page version by damn_registrars · · Score: 4, Informative

    For those who don't want to go through several pages of ads, is here.

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  3. to Blu-ray by Daimanta · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Personally, I don't see Blu-Ray working like DVD and CD did. When the CD was released it was huge compared to HDDs. I remember possessing a 4GB drive, 7 CDs would match that. And CDs were pretty cheap by that time. Then came the DVD which was 100 times better than old magnetic tapes(I still have some of those lying around, dumb spacefillers).

    Now we have expensive Blu-ray which is 25GB per disc(50 for dl) and it's not at all impressive. It doesn't kick the ass of DVD. I can live with the quality DVD for a quite a while it's nothing compared to the ugly mess that we call VHS-tapes. They are not impressively big(with 1TB drives around for ca. eur. 100) and they cost a ton. Not only is the optical drive prohibitly expensive, the discs themselves do not come cheap). When the price of a Blu-Ray disc is 6x that of a DVD(they carry around 6 times the storage, sounds fair to me) call me again. Until that time, HDDs and DVDs will do just nicely.

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    1. Re:to Blu-ray by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      It sounds like you don't remember the costs of CD and DVD burners and media when they first came out. In 1997 or 1998, a CD burner cost about 300 bucks, with media easily being 5-10 bucks a pop. When DVD burners came out a few years later, the prices were similar. Now we're onto Blu-ray, and again, the prices are about the same. Give it a few more years and prices will be about $40-50 for the burners and $20-25 for 15 blanks.

    2. Re:to Blu-ray by jasonwc · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You're assuming Blu-Ray disks will continue to have only one or two layers. However, 8 and 16 layer disks have been produced, and would be readable by any current Blu-Ray player with a firmware update.

      Pioneer produced a 16 layer, 400 GB disk a few months ago, and they're attempting to produce a 1 TB disk by 2013.

      Also, I dispute your claim that there is not much difference between 480p and 1080p video. The detail level on some Blu-Ray's is simply staggering (e.g. Dark Knight, Planet Earth, Lost S04). Differences are especially apparent on animated content where production is all digital.
      For example, Wall-E and Ratatouille look amazing.

        It is far superior in color reproduction, vibrancy, and detail than DVD. There's also the benefit of lossless audio. Most Blu-Rays now come with lossless 24/48 khz tracks 5.1 or 7.1 tracks. This is significantly superior to the 448 kbit Dolby Digital tracks provided on most DVDs.

      Source: Wikipedia

      "In December 2008, Pioneer Corporation unveiled a 400 GB Blu-ray disc, which contains 16 data layers, 25 GB each, and will be compatible with current players after a firmware update. A planned launch is in the 2009-2010 time frame for ROM and 2010-2013 for rewritable discs. Ongoing development is under way to create a 1 TB Blu-ray disc as soon as 2013.[92]."

    3. Re:to Blu-ray by timeOday · · Score: 4, Interesting
      But paying a few hundred bucks for a hard drive was normal then, too, and now it's not.

      And when data CDs first came out (mid-80s), they stored several times more than a high-end hard drive. Somewhere along the way, optical media fell far, far behind.

    4. Re:to Blu-ray by comm2k · · Score: 4, Insightful

      It is far superior in color reproduction

      No it is not, it is still 8bpc and uses the same color sub-sampling (4:2:0) as DVD/DVB/ATSC etc...

    5. Re:to Blu-ray by je+ne+sais+quoi · · Score: 3, Interesting

      For me the issue is not the technical merits of the blu-ray discs, it's the fact that as a distribution format for movies, they are loaded up with the most asinine DRM that I could possibly imagine. I recently built a new home PC and thought I'd finally take the plunge and buy the newest media and I got a blu-ray player for it. Since I don't own a television, I was looking forward to watching blu-ray movies on my monitor. As I discovered however, my monitor is DVI so I wasn't allowed to actually watch my legally purchased blu-ray movies on my legally purchased blu-ray player. Wow... To boot, I like to run linux and I couldn't get dumphd to run so to watch movies I have to buy each one, copy it to the hard drive while stripping it of DRM using the windows program anyDVD, and then I can watch it using linux. Wow, what a load of crap! Somebody needs to take a class action suit against whoever is pushing this HDCP nonsense.

      While there isn't any real connection between blu-ray as a distribution medium and blu-ray as a storage medium, if I find the standard blu-ray movies repulsive, I don't care what the technical merits of the disc are, I'm going to avoid it like the plague. I swear I'm not buying another blu-ray disc until this DRM HDCP virtual engine nonsense is removed (or reverse-engineered) and the movies play on linux and play easily.

      --
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    6. Re:to Blu-ray by Sir_Lewk · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Sure it may techincally be better, but I really couldn't care less. First off, I don't care that much to make the purcase of a better TV and a bluray player worth it. Secondly, even if I did have the hardware, I still wouldn't care enought to wear my glasses while watching the movie. My eyesight isn't perfect, but it's good enough for everyday use, wearing glasses offers little benifit for most activities, including watching movies. Honestly I don't see what's the big deal with being able to make out every single pore on the actor's face. Being blasted with tiny little details doesn't make a movie any better for me.

      Now, being able to store a terabyte of data on optical media? That is something to be excited about.

      --
      "linux is just DOS with a UNIX like syntax" -- Galactic Dominator (944134)
    7. Re:to Blu-ray by fm6 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, if everybody had run out and purchased big huge HD TV sets (which was the whole point of this analog-to-digital snafu), then DVD would be just unacceptable. Everybody would have to upgrade to Blu Ray to eliminate the pixelation.

      But people aren't running out and buying HD TV sets. This is partly because of the recession, but I think that people are just tired of getting soaked a lot of money for high-tech couch potato technology. VCRs. DVDs. HD TVs. (Coming soon: 3D TV!) Monthly cable bills that run past $100. People pay and pay and pay, and then they realize that they're still pretty bored, and go off looking for more creative ways to amuse themselves.

      I think the market's long past saturated. Any new passive entertainment technology would lay an egg, regardless of the "wow!" factor.

  4. Forgot one. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Clay tablets. The oldest technology and most reliable to date.

    1. Re:Forgot one. by JustOK · · Score: 5, Funny

      Clay tablets!?!?!? You young whipper-snappers with yer mobile devices. In my day we used a cave wall. Better resolution.

      --
      rewriting history since 2109
  5. Drum by WillKemp · · Score: 2, Informative

    It's not that comprehensive - there's no mention of drums or hard disk cartridges.

    The first system i worked on as an assembler programmer at the start of the 80s was an old 60s machine based around a drum. We booted it with paper tape and punched cards. (Ultronics SGS)

    1. Re:Drum by Drishmung · · Score: 2, Informative
      Or DDS/DAT, DECTape, DLT, 'stringy' and a number of other tape media.

      No 96 column cards either.

      --
      Protoplasm. Quiet Protoplasm. I like quiet protoplasm.
  6. Back in my day... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 5, Funny

    ...we notched lines on sticks. And we LIKED IT THAT WAY. We even developed a counting system out of it. See?

    IIIVIIIX

    That's 10. Ignore the previous notches. Some young whippersnappers thought it would be funny to do "subtractive" forms whereby IV would be "four". Oooo. I'm so impressed. Not. GET OFF MY LAWN.

    Oh, and they forgot about magnetic drums. :-P

  7. the good old days of data storage by Octel · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I had an older friend who was a CS student in college during the late 70's. He had his final semester program on punch cards. Like a typical student he was rushing to class to turn in his project but tripped on the stairs thus sending the cards all over the place. You could hear his anguish miles away!

    1. Re:the good old days of data storage by Muad'Dave · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I'm not saying it didn't happen to him (it is a good urban myth), but there were tools and procedures available to prevent it. Punched cards (for Fortran programs at least) had a sequence field in the last 8 columns for sorting decks, and usually you'd draw a diagonal line across the top of the card stack with a marker so that you could manually resort them if a sorter wasn't available.

      If you look at the layout for a fortran program, you'll see that it was heavily influenced by the punched card layout, or vice-versa.

      --
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    2. Re:the good old days of data storage by cbelt3 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      NOT an urban legend. Happened to me with a 550 card program at Mizzou in 1975. I was running through the halls to go get it punched on the auto-collator (I think that's what it was called- a machine that punched the extra columns on the right (73 through 80) in sequence so you could resort the cards. And I tripped, and the cards went flying.

      Fortunately I had a printout because I'd just run the program, so I just went back and keypunched the whole damn thing. And left the cards in the hall. I was a faster typist than a sorter.

    3. Re:the good old days of data storage by markana · · Score: 2, Funny

      Yup, the line across the top trick saved me once or twice in High School. I moved from a school with PDPs and TTYs for the students to one with an 029 keypunch and daily trips to the computer building. Talk about a downgrade... But you quickly learn to protect your card stack.

      On the last day of our Senior year, the computer geeks brought out the carefully-collected chad from the keypunch - and rained it down the 5-story main stairwells. I'll bet there's chad in there to this day...

    4. Re:the good old days of data storage by ebh · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Happened to me too. Only I didn't drop the deck down the stairs, I dropped it into a mud puddle. I was able to salvage about a quarter of the cards, and had to repunch the rest. Fortunately, I'd used one of those fancy Univac keypunches that printed the characters across the tops of the cards. Also, I wasn't close to deadline, so it was just a PITA instead of a disaster.

      And yes, I also remember the diagonal magic marker line trick.

    5. Re:the good old days of data storage by v1 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      You could hear his anguish miles away!

      The only significant risk would be losing or damaging a card. A damaged card would have to be repunched.

      The MOST POPULAR program on the mainframe was SORT. It would take a "shuffled deck" (out of order program deck) and sort it back into order. That program got ran quite a few times a day, every day. So getting your deck shuffled really wasn't that big of a deal. More dramatic than damaging.

      --
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  8. The Egyptians said it best: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Bird : Bird : Giant Eye : Pyramid : Bird : Giant Eye : Dead Fish : Cat Head : Cat Head : Cat Head :

  9. Jaz Drive by Thelasko · · Score: 4, Informative

    I worked with a bunch of Jaz Drives back in the day. One person dropped a disk, and it failed. The disk was inserted into a drive, and the drive failed. Another disk was inserted into that drive, and that disk failed. It spread like a plague through all of the machines.

    All of the money and data lost due to those things still makes me cringe.

    --
    One of our competitors trademarked the term "hypothesis". From now on, we will call them "boneheaded ideas".
    1. Re:Jaz Drive by Gat0r30y · · Score: 3, Informative

      The Jaz was just a bad idea is all. It was basically just an HDD, but instead of a single integrated system, you separate the media from the heads. Why is this a terrible idea? 1) dirty media will destroy heads right quick. 2) allowing people to move the media around, and even encouraging such behavior astronomically increases the chances you are going to get something bad onto the media. 3) Once a head goes, the whole thing is gone. Without fancy new stuff that goes into the freshest HDD's, this can mean that once the head goes you drive it straight into the media, forever destroying it and causing a general mess. 4) Instead of a nice pretty clean room environment (HDD's are sealed in a clean room), you introduce a bunch of dirtyness and nasty environmental particles every time you put a new disk into the reader.

      --
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    2. Re:Jaz Drive by jschen · · Score: 2, Informative

      This "click of death", or "hardware virus", affected the Zip drive, too. I let a friend borrow my computer once in 2000, and I returned to find my Zip drive affected. Iomega told me that since my Zip drive was an OEM part, I should contact Apple for a replacement. Apple wouldn't do anything about it (not for free, anyway) since it was out of warranty. So I called Iomega back up and explained what happened when I contacted Apple, and true to their recent (at the time) promise to replace every Zip drive that was affected with this problem, they replaced my Zip drive, free of charge. I continued to use it for some time after that, last using it in 2003. I assume it still works, though I haven't had reason to check.

  10. what about hard drives? by wjh31 · · Score: 4, Informative

    It manages to list lots of faliures and successes, but still managed to miss HDD's and SSD, y'know, the sporta thing where people probably store most of their data

    1. Re:what about hard drives? by fm6 · · Score: 2, Informative

      OOOh, right you are! Big lapse, that. A bit like listing key events in WW II while skipping over Pearl Harbor!

      A couple of other bits of sloppiness:

      No, Hollerith cards had nothing to do with the founding of IBM. John Watson did that much later, by merging several companies that included Hollerith's Tabulating Machines Company. People called them "IBM cards" because IBM dominated data processing during the period where punched cards were the only digital storage medium most people knew about.

      Although IBM did invent 9-track tape, I don't recall it ever being referred to as "IBM tape".

      Ironically, given their IBM-centric view of history, that they left out the hard disk. Nowadays, all hard disks use Winchester technology — invented at IBM!

  11. Was this published in 2001?? by AdmiralXyz · · Score: 2, Interesting

    This entire article seems a little anachronistic.

    and only recently has it become common to find new PCs with a naked 3.5-inch drive bay.

    What are they talking about? I haven't seen a new PC with a floppy drive in years.

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  12. Missed a lot... by Obfuscant · · Score: 2, Informative
    The CDC system Michigan State University used in the late 70's used drum as swap and booted from a program stored in toggle switches. Not "toggled in", a large panel of toggle switches that contained the initial boot code bit by bit.

    The article also forgot to mention that Jaquard (sp?) is the initial inventor of the punched card, since that's what controlled the looms.

    And, of course, my favoritest kind of memory, the CRT. Yes, that was a very early memory device. And CORE. And the paper format that Byte (or Compute, I forget which) magazine tried to get adopted in the 80's, a form of which appears on shipping labels today.

  13. They missed the Sinclair "stringy floppy" by SpinyNorman · · Score: 3, Informative

    Not that they really missed much by doing so...

    This was another of Sinclair's cheap and cheerful designs that never took off - it was used on the Sinclair MX and QL (remember that? - thought not!) computers. The stringy floppy was a small form factor hybrid between a floppy and tape drive. The tapes themself were about the size of a compact flash drive, although a bit fatter, and what they contained was a continuous loop of tape three-dimensionally arranged so that the bulk of it was looped around one spindle, and the other end was looped around another... I'm not sure what the point of it was really meant to be other than the physical small size.. I guess the endless tape loop was meant to give it some advantage.

  14. IBM Reference by HockeyPuck · · Score: 4, Informative

    To get a better look at where storage came from, head on over to IBM's Archives: http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_intro.html Then check out the historical product profiles, documentation and videos: http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_reference.html

  15. Re:18th Century? by maxume · · Score: 2, Insightful
    --
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  16. Re:geek points!! by SpinyNorman · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Yeah - those early "storage" media were more than just for transporting your program around. They were also patchable. Fixing typos on punched cards was always fun - you fed a fresh card into the machine and held down the auto-repeat duplicate button which sounded like a machine gun as it sucked in the old/new cards and punched the new one up to the point of the error where you'd start typing again. I loved that noise!

    I also remember burning programs onto EPROMs for early machines like the BBC Micro or embedded projects. You could edit those to a limited extent too... rather than so back and fix the source and reassemble for minor changes you'd just load the bad ROM image into the EPROM programmer and patch the hex directly and burn a new one...

    Get the fuck off my lawn you whippersnappers!

  17. Punch Cards by Mishotaki · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Back in my childhood, my dad took a couple thousands of those phased out punch cards... we used them to takes notes for YEARS, we just had a lot of them... at least all that paper was used for transferring information, even if not used for it's original purpose...

  18. MaximumPC helps IBM disseminate misinformation by metasonix · · Score: 4, Informative

    Quote: "The long length presented plenty of opportunities for tears and breaks, so in 1952, IBM devised bulky floor standing drives that made use of vacuum columns to buffer the nickel-plated bronze tape."

    Wrongo, buddy. Stop cribbing from IBM's website. IBM is notorious for making themselves out as "pioneers" for every computing technology.

    The first magnetic-tape drive for a computer to ACTUALLY BE SHIPPED was the Univac Uniservo drive. First system with drives went to the US Census Bureau in December 1951--more than a year before IBM shipped their first tape drive. (and yes, it used nickel-plated bronze tape.)

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_tape_data_storage
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNISERVO

  19. No WInchester drives ? by mbone · · Score: 3, Informative

    In 1980 a Gigabyte of memory was a large room full of Winchester drives. If you did computing on IBMs back then, you used (although maybe never saw) Winchester drives.

    I liked drum drives too - not much space, but they looked cool.

    But, watch out for fan-folded punched paper tape. As the paper aged, it would crack on the folds.

    1. Re:No WInchester drives ? by jtgd · · Score: 2, Informative

      Also conspicuously absent: DDS tapes.

      --
      J
  20. Missed ours by hurfy · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Seems to be focused on REMOVABLE media since they skipped most HD info entirely.

    They still missed what i used for many years, the removable platter or disk pack. I fought with our Wang computer for over 10 years doing backup onto a 13MB removable HD platter. 80MB drive with multiple platters, the top one being a removable cartridge. Lugged one (well, two actually) of those suckers home each week for ages.

    At least i won that fight...the Wang now sits vanquished in my dungeon...waiting until i get brave enough to turn off everything else in the house and see if it still fires up :) Everyone needs at least one Hard Drive that weighs more than they do!

    I agree some of the dates were a little premature...common manufacture dates perhaps, not usage.

    And then there is the not so common dates....we still use the T1000 Travan tape drive daily and the Jaz drive is still hooked up :)