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The Copyrightability of Twitter Posts

TechDirt has an interesting look at some of the questions arising about the copyrightability of Twitter messages. I haven't seen any actual copyright lawyers weigh in yet, but it certainly will be interesting to watch the feathers fly until someone nails down the answer. "[...] it seems like there would be two issues here. The first is whether or not the content is covered by copyright — and, for most messages the answer would probably be yes (there would need to be some sort of creative element to the messages to make that happen, so a simple 'hi' or 'thanks' or whatever might not cut it). But, the more important question then would be whether or not ESPN could quote the Twitter message. And, there, the answer is almost certainly, yes, they could, just as they could quote something you wrote in a blog post."

32 of 183 comments (clear)

  1. 140 Characters? by morgan_greywolf · · Score: 5, Funny

    140 Characters? You can copyright 140 characters? Maybe. Can you copy this post?

    Copyright © 2009 Morgan Greywolf. All rights reserved.

    1. Re:140 Characters? by ObsessiveMathsFreak · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There are some things that can't be copyrighted.
      For everything else, there's Lawyers.

      (Accepted wherever greed is good)

      --
      May the Maths Be with you!
    2. Re:140 Characters? by Znork · · Score: 2, Informative

      I already have copyright on all possible combinations of 140 characters. You will soon be able to buy an anthology of Znork's collected works on Amazon. It'll be a few trucks and in really fine print, but for the true connaisseur it's definitely worth it.

    3. Re:140 Characters? by retchdog · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Here is an "anthology" of six-word-long short stories; maybe you'd agree that at least a few of them are art?

      http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.11/sixwords.html

      (Of course, there might be a problem with "derived works" here - Alan Moore and Darren Aronofsky independently wrote basically the same thing.)

      --
      "They were pure niggers." – Noam Chomsky
    4. Re:140 Characters? by gilleain · · Score: 2, Informative

      Well, given an alphabet of just 'a-z' + ' ', that would be 26 ^ 140 or:

      1, 248, 155, 560, 712, 888, 693, 721, 116, 035, 178, 646, 463, 649, 590, 092, 724, 076, 699, 557, 919, 198, 775, 318, 840, 655, 335, 967, 337, 203, 969, 601, 545, 498, 350, 937, 608, 330, 255, 529, 112, 180, 176, 094, 892, 997, 792, 623, 787, 890, 917, 357, 870, 916, 489, 701, 094, 150, 005, 153, 729, 071, 148, 146, 282, 725, 376

      which is quite a few possibilities.

    5. Re:140 Characters? by TheRaven64 · · Score: 3, Informative
      I take it you missed this at the bottom of the page:

      All trademarks and copyrights on this page are owned by their respective owners. Comments are owned by the Poster. The Rest © 1997-2009 SourceForge, Inc.

      You own the copyright on all of your posts.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    6. Re:140 Characters? by langelgjm · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Ok. Plan B: I'll write a perl program to enumerate all possible 140 character combinations and post them all to Twitter. Then I'll sue anyone else who posts for copyright infringement! That'll show them who's boss!

      27^140 = 2.45995398 x 10^200

      Good luck with that... and that's assuming that twitter posters are only using 26 letters and a space!

      --
      "Anyone who [rips a CD] is probably engaging in copyright infringement." - David O. Carson
    7. Re:140 Characters? by eln · · Score: 4, Funny

      Strangely enough, out of all of those 664476756947807176715034333311766515110070489754984251115127044065335\
      958723421280563932610202817364857562965301326676439580847882136233622\
      470228337349221780394017946865300500917686923368657379455054140638838\
      860621536007842505308434547056289460001 combinations, there are only about 23949324789628367456963242 that are actually worth copying, none of which have ever appeared on Twitter.

    8. Re:140 Characters? by TRRosen · · Score: 2, Funny

      of course you need to eliminate all those that don't form words in some language. Those that make no sense. and only keep those that clearly no human has ever spoken before in the last 3000 years and billions of people talking for hours every day.

      That should get it down to roughly 167.

      "Hey I'm going to light my penis on fire with a blowtorch" I betcha nobody ever said that... opps 166.

    9. Re:140 Characters? by maxume · · Score: 2, Funny

      "Znork's third edition, now with only 16 trillion characters per page!"

      (It would still require ~1^187 pages...)

      --
      Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
    10. Re:140 Characters? by Faylone · · Score: 4, Funny

      So, everything on one page?

    11. Re:140 Characters? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2, Funny

      So, does that mean that all the music that's being put out by the music industry that nobody gives a shit about is not covered by copyright?

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    12. Re:140 Characters? by Workaphobia · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I call shenanigans on your keyboard mashing. You made the number of combinations an odd number.

      --
      Evidently, the key to understanding recursion is to begin by understanding recursion. The rest is easy.
    13. Re:140 Characters? by TRRosen · · Score: 2, Funny

      Actually I sorta stole it from a George Carlin bit. His estate's lawyers are at the door now!!!

    14. Re:140 Characters? by p!ngu · · Score: 2, Informative

      For those playing at home, the number of atoms in the universe is about 10^80. Of course, it's pretty difficult to grasp these kind of numbers anyway, but it should give some kind of scale. And remember, space is BIG.

  2. isn't anything created... by Lordfly · · Score: 4, Informative

    ...automatically assumed to have copyright attributed to the author?

    I had no idea Twitter had some mystical "copyright-defeating aura" about its service.

    --
    hookers and grits.
    1. Re:isn't anything created... by Microlith · · Score: 2, Informative

      Works must meet some level of "creativity" before they can be copyrighted. Many Slashdot posts would qualify as such, as people stop and take a second to put thought into them (sometimes.) Twitter encourages lots of little posts that are more like wafts of thought, things you'd say to someone. The exception here is that it's printed text and that "someone" is an audience of a bunch of people.

      I'd wager that most twitter posts probably (frequently) fall below the line of value in terms of being copyrightable. But if it's a paragraph in length or longer then it's probably a given that it is, however few people will ever go through the effort of actually -securing- the copyright (printing it out, filling out the paperwork, and filing it.) It generally isn't worth it. If anything, I suppose that stuff you publish on boards that isn't explicitly copyrighted beforehand (you tag everything with a copyright notice and archive it with a date and time) falls into that weak unregistered copyright realm that is harder to defend.

      tl;dr: It probably is copyrighted, but good luck defending it unless you have it printed, dated, and stuffed in a sealed envelope. IANACL.

  3. yes.... by inerlogic · · Score: 2, Informative

    as soon as you create something, it is protected by copyright.... as long as you're in the US (YMMV in other countries)

    and yes, ESPN can quote.... as long as its newsworthy.... news is covered by fair use...

    plus, ESPN is owned by Disney.....
    they can get away with anything....

    1. Re:yes.... by JWSmythe · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That makes it interesting for copyright law. It's my understanding that if you quote an insignificant piece, that's simply a quote. If you quote the whole work, then it's infringement.

          Like, it's generally (but not always) ok to quote say one line from an article in a magazine. But if you copy the entire article that's a little fuzzier. If you copy the entire publication, you're just not going to win no matter how it's argued.

          So, to quote an insignificant but complete phrase from a twitter is almost always going to be the whole thing.

          The 1886 Berne Convention states that the © mark (the circle around a c) indicates that the document is copyrighted by declaration. The Buenos Aires Convention of 1910 established that some sort of copyright warning was required, such as the simple statement on the publication "all rights reserved". To the best of my knowledge, both currently apply inside the United States.

          By quoting a copyrighted work, you'd better be clearly inside the lines of "fair use". Of course, fair use is not clearly defined, so it can be fought by both sides, and the bigger meaner (and usually richer) side will win. The considerations for fair use are:

            1. the purpose and character of the use;
            2. the nature of the copyrighted work;
            3. the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
            4. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

          By quoting a few lines from a New York Times article in a high school student essay, they're likely going to be ok. It's frequently looked at as the impact on the original publication. A blogger with 4 daily readers probably won't get a C&D by the NYT either, even if they publish the whole article. A blogger with 400,000 daily readers, who reguarly reposts NYT material may have an economic impact on the NYT, and therefor be in a bit of trouble. The C&D will generally say "cut it out, or we'll play rough."

          So, if some twit you wrote (err, twitter twittlie doo, whatever) got quoted by ESPN.com, either you can be happy that someone actually looked (because the rest of us don't care), or you can call your lawyer and have a C&D sent over. They'll retract that part of the story, and never quote you again. Or they won't really care, and you can take them to court for your (oh my gosh) serious economic losses and personal suffering.

          Really though, if you didn't want it quoted, you shouldn't have posted it for the world to read.

          © (c) 2009, JWSmythe
          All Rights Reserved
          For Republishing Information, Please Reference http://jwsmythe.com
          IMHO, YMMV, RTFM MF. :)

      --
      Serious? Seriousness is well above my pay grade.
    2. Re:yes.... by langelgjm · · Score: 2, Informative

      as long as you're in the US (YMMV in other countries)

      Signatories of the Berne Convention are not allowed to impose formalities for the granting of copyright. Meaning in Berne Convention countries (the vast majority of the world), you don't need a registration to have a copyright.

      You may need a registration for other purposes; e.g., in the U.S., you have to register your copyright before bringing a suit for infringement.

      --
      "Anyone who [rips a CD] is probably engaging in copyright infringement." - David O. Carson
  4. Why? by arizwebfoot · · Score: 2, Funny

    Why are we all a twitter over something that was twittered when it should have been tweeted. Or are we tweeting over something that was twittered by using a twitter that refused to tweet?

    Tweet tweet?

    --
    Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy.
  5. Twitter? Mystical? Hardly. by geekmux · · Score: 4, Interesting

    ...automatically assumed to have copyright attributed to the author?

    I had no idea Twitter had some mystical "copyright-defeating aura" about its service.

    The only thing about Twitter that is "mystical" is its ability to stay popular and relevant well past its 15-minute window...

  6. Re:Who really cares? by $1uck · · Score: 3, Funny

    Seriously... you're an idiot if you are going to twitter about taking a shit or a piss. If you're going to twitter something meaningful, like hey I'm on the subway and its being delayed b/c some jackass jumped off the platform and I'm going to be late to (wherever). Then supposing you're friends are following you they will know... where you are and why you're late.

    Twittering is no more idiotic than instant messaging. Its like an email list for instant messaging. It has qualities a chat room lacks like a degree of permanence.

    But hey lets make another joke about twittering your bathroom habits and maybe you'll get modded +5 funny and not just redundant.

  7. Re:Copyrightable expression by TinBromide · · Score: 3, Informative

    from the cache page.

    Names, titles, and short phrases or expressions are not subject to copyright protection. Even if a name, title, or short phrase is novel or distinctive or if it lends itself to a play on words, it cannot be protected by copyright. The Copyright Office cannot register claims to exclusive rights in brief combinations of words such as:

    * Names of products or services
    * Names of businesses, organizations, or groups (including the name of a group of performers)
    * Names of pseudonyms of individuals (including pen name or stage name)
    * Titles of works
    * Catchwords, catchphrases, mottoes, slogans, or short advertising expressions
    * Mere listings of ingredients, as in recipes, labels, or formulas. When a recipe or formula is accompanied by explanation or directions, the text directions may be copyrightable, but the recipe or formula itself remains uncopyrightable.

    --
    Is it sad that I am more likely to recognize you and your posts by your sig than your name or UID?
  8. It's a *lot* more complicated than that by Rix · · Score: 4, Informative

    You can't copyright facts, for example. If you get up on a soapbox on Main St. and yell that the Mayor is a space alien, the local paper can report that you did so without any invocation of copyright. They can quote parts of your screed under fair use. TFA discusses this part, if you'd read it.

  9. Careful - A Cautionary Haiku by detachable_halo · · Score: 4, Informative

    Just a simple proof:
    Character count is less than
    One hundred forty

    Copyright © 2009 detachable_halo.

  10. Re:Who really cares? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Could it be that we make fun of Twitter because the majority of people actually think we care about their day-to-day bullshit? I've seen "accomplished" bloggers tell everyone how they went to a book store and found a great book they'd been looking for. Then 15 minutes later "ooooh, I'm reading the book", as though we thought they'd leave the damn thing unread for a year. Two hours later "This book is pretty intense".

    Might as well be:
    "Sitting down to take a shit"

    "eww, smells like asparagus doesn't agree with me"

    "damn, this one's gonna hang and break, and I'm gonna have to wipe even more"

    "remind me to never eat at Joe's again"

    Instead they could have written "hey, I read this great book I bought yesterday and it was awesome. I'd been looking for it for a while. Highly recommended." One post, under 140 characters and doesn't make it seem like they're a fucking attention whore.

    In short: Look, you aren't famous and you're not going to get your 15 minutes of fame by writing utter drivel. The odds are against you and if you're not famous now, writing bullshit ain't gonna endear us to you enough to get you nominated for an Oscar. You're probably mediocre and should accept it that most of us don't care any more than that 13 year old girl cares about your hemorrhoid problems when you tell her in the checkout line.

  11. Re:This is absurd. by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Whatever happened to the purpose of copyright being promotion of science and the useful arts?

    You have got to be kidding.

    If we ever get the "free market" that lots of people seem to believe in, we'll be paying fees for breathing. That's how it works: people who get lots of money get power. When they get power, they pass laws which help them get more money. The money has to come from somewhere, and the easiest target is the set of people who don't have lots of money or power. That's about all of us.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  12. Please for the love of god by biscon · · Score: 2

    Why are we even discussing this? no of course you can't copyright 140 characters in a specific sequence and of course I can write the same line everywhere I please, without giving a crap about what the original author thinks or having to pay him. Why you ask? because its frakkin' common sense. Slashdotters usually agree on not wanting to end up living in a police state, brought forth by the endless new IP legislation. By discussing and thus taken seriously that 140 chars, what amounts to a sentence, you're not doing yourself or the rest of us a favour. Its ridiculous and the courts should dismiss such claims outright.

  13. Re:Below the line by TaoPhoenix · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Nope. Quit that wager before you lose your shirt.

    Tweet posts are copyrightable works as long as trivial outliers are avoided. Ignoring issues like TOS grabs, the lower bound is much shorter, perhaps down in the 1 word range.

    You can fit two haikus per tweet - no one's going to deny the creativity there!

    Just because most people burn their characters on facile content doesn't automatically strip away the copyrightability.

    What's happening is that it's hard to find a Fair Use fragment since the whole is so short.

    --
    My first Journal Entry ever, in 8 years! http://slashdot.org/journal/365947/aphelion-scifi-fantasy-horror-poetry-webzine
  14. Re:Copyrightable expression by langelgjm · · Score: 3, Interesting

    You'll notice the conspicuous absence of the word "sentence" from what you quoted. Never have I read anywhere that a single sentence is ineligible for copyright. It's certainly not in Title 17. Part of the reason is that "sentence" is of an undefined length. Sentences can be very short. (like that one) Or they can be very long, like the kind you find in the last chapter of Ulysses.

    My point is that if a haiku contains enough creative content to qualify for a copyright, a sentence of the same length, containing the same amount of creative content would also qualify.

    --
    "Anyone who [rips a CD] is probably engaging in copyright infringement." - David O. Carson
  15. Haiku by Tokerat · · Score: 2, Funny

    One-hundred forty;
    that is all the space you get.
    Haiku is covered...

    --
    CAn'T CompreHend SARcaSm?