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What If the Apollo Program Had Continued?

proslack writes "The die had been cast years before Apollo 11 had even reached the moon. In the late 1960s, the Vietnam war was straining US finances. A fatal fire on the Apollo launch pad in January 1967 had blotted NASA's copybook. The Soviet moon effort seemed to be going nowhere. In the budget debates during the summer of 1967, Congress refused NASA's request to fund an extended moon programme. What if things had been different that summer? Suppose Congress had granted NASA's wish, then fast-forward 40-odd years..." A nice little what-if sort of story that makes sorta nostalgic for a non-existent present.

14 of 389 comments (clear)

  1. Bad news by elrous0 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The whole thing was fueled by the ongoing Cold War pissing contest. Continuation of the space race would have meant dealing with the ever-increasing tension of the Cold War. So I'm sad we never got our cities on the moon, but it's a damn good trade-off for not having to worry so much about all-out nuclear war.

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
    1. Re:Bad news by CAIMLAS · · Score: 5, Funny

      If we'd continued the Apollo missions, we'd have found either:

      1) That there was indeed a prehistoric alien civilization on the backside of the moon.
      2) That it was almost impossible to hide the continued war between advanced US and Russian spaceships on the backside of the moon.
      3) There was indeed a better alternative to space icecream.

      --
      ~/ssh slashdot.org ssh: connect to host slashdot.org port 22: too many beers
  2. If Apollo program had continued by freedom_india · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Highly likely that:
    1) We would have full time orbital manned space station at all times.
    2) Visits between Moon and Orbital station would be LESS frequent.
    3) Visits between Moon and Earth would be MORE frequent. (because Apollo lifts off from Earth. Public-Private partnership would see to it that NASA doesn't use the most economical way of transport)
    4) No Space Shuttle. Rockets all the way. (Why mess with something that works)
    5) Ion Spacecraft launched to Asteroids.
    6) Still no man on Mars. But a permanent computerized research station on Mars that operates from fixed locations.
    7) No Mars Rover. The Rover was a roaming answer. Fixed stations would necessitate no rover.
    8) SALT II would have long been abandoned and Earth would be surrounded by nuke armed stations.
    9) No Cruise missiles. Why build a Mosquito when an Elephant would be cheaper.

    --
    "Doing what i can, with what i have." ~ Burt Gummer
    1. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 5, Interesting

      4) No Space Shuttle. Rockets all the way. (Why mess with something that works)

      We would have a space shuttle. It simply wouldn't be the "jack of all trades, master of none" we got.

      The space shuttle was supposed to be a lightweight launch craft for transporting people to/from LEO where they could rendezvous with a space station and take a transport to a location like the moon. Economically, it made a lot of sense. It would have been fairly simple, cheap to operate, and with fewer disposable parts than the Saturn V. (Which basically throws away millions of pounds of hardware to return barely a few tons of mass. Very wasteful.)

      So what went wrong?

      Obviously, the same politics that killed the moon program. Nixon told NASA that they could have one launch vehicle, and the Saturn V was too expensive to be "it". Oh, and they needed to meet the military's needs for a launch vehicle as well, because the Titan rockets were also too expensive.

      NASA got out their abacuses, ran some numbers, decided that the shuttle was key to a future space station, and committed to producing a super-shuttle that could be all things to all people. After all, they had the technology, right? Right?

      Well, sort of. The engineers did an amazing job of producing the most sophisticated piece of space equipment ever designed. The power curves were incredible and the engines left the Saturn V in the dust. Only problem: It was a hellva lot of mass to send up and bring back, leaving little room for cargo. Worse yet, it was so complex that maintenance costs were through the roof. In the end, it would have been cheaper to continue operating the Saturn V with the economics of scale resulting in MORE cost reductions than the Shuttle ever realized!

      What I'm getting at is that if we're going to play along with this dream-world where politics don't kill off programs, we'd have the Saturn V, the space shuttle, the space station (with artificial gravity!), and transport tugs originally envisioned by NASA. Because all those pieces have to fit together to make this mythical lunar base of 5,000 people possible.

      Back here in reality, all those ideas were doomed from the beginning. The politicians only ever supported the space program to combat the USSR. By the 1970's, the Soviet Union had already collapsed. They were just coasting on momentum from there on out. That's why (save for a push by Regan to push the USSR to the brink of bankruptcy) the space program never recovered. There was no political need. And anyone who knows anything about politics knows that there has to be a need commiserate with size of the solution before there will be a large commitment. Hopes, dreams, and peaceful exploration ala Star Trek just don't cut it. :-(

  3. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Darkness404 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ...Vietnam was effectively the cold war. Rather than fight each other an an arena that had very high stakes (an invasion of Russia and the USA) the USA and Russia decided to fight in a number of "proxy" wars such as Vietnam and Korea.

    And similarly, the cold war would have already ended itself. Soviet Russia while an interesting "experiment" ended up failing due to the fact that human nature plus the Soviet version of communism ended up with a government who could not financially sustain itself.

    --
    Taxation is legalized theft, no more, no less.
  4. If the Apollo program had continued... by sjfoland · · Score: 5, Funny

    Arizona would be littered with soundstages by now.

  5. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 5, Insightful

    And now the US looks like it will be emulating the USSR in decline.

    ???

    I presume you are talking about the economy? Capitalism has cycles. You can't take a 6-month period and extrapolate it indefinitely into the future.

    Who is modding this "interesting"?

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  6. What if Apollo had continued... by theendlessnow · · Score: 5, Interesting
    If the Apollo program had continued:
    1. Children would still be drinking Tang.
    2. Saddam could have hid his WMDs on the moon instead of a suburb of New Jersey (shhh! it's a secret).
    3. Even more things could have been made from "space age materials".
    4. Apple would prohibit the Palm Pre from using iTunes (arguably, this happens no matter what).
    5. Michael Jackson's funeral would have been in space. Saving LA the hassle.
    6. Mythbusters would get to see if a large scale nuclear explosion really would push the moon out of earth's orbit.
  7. We'd have another antarctica by petes_PoV · · Score: 5, Insightful
    ... but on the Moon (and without the penguins)

    What benefits would we have got? Hard to say, probably nothing tangible - just a group of half-a-dozen scientists and technicians spending a few months at a time far out of the public gaze. There might be the occasional documentary, but there's only so much footage of rocks and dust - and one patch of dirt looks a lot like any other. So I doubt there'd be much about it in the news (again, just like antarctica). Just about the only time it would make the headlines is when there's a debate about cutting funding (again), or when something goes wrong - or when there's an expose about the billions being spent on it, for not-much in the way of returns.

    Is that what we thought we'd get?

    --
    politicians are like babies' nappies: they should both be changed regularly and for the same reasons
  8. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You're assuming what O is turning our country into resembles anything like Capitalism. Just like Soviet Russia, we're moving towards Socialism.

    No, dumbshit, not just like "Soviet Russia". (It's just Russia now, FYI)

    There's a whole spectrum between unbridled capitalism and total socialism. When a 12 trillion dollar economy cannot provide basic health care to all (no, ER visits don't count) there's a goddamned problem.

    As we've recently seen, unchecked capitalism is not a good thing since the markets aren't rational after all. And as we've seen with USSR in the past, that doesn't work either. I see no problem emulating nations like Canada, New Zealand, or Sweden. Hell, I've got friends in South America with better basic health care for the poor than we have here in the states.

  9. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Foobar+of+Borg · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Just like Soviet Russia, we're moving towards Socialism.

    "You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means." - Inigo Mantoya

    Sorry, but remarks like this also reminds me Major Frank Burns - "When are you two going to learn about Chinese treachery? Did Pearl Harbor teach you nothing?"

  10. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by jedidiah · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The recent bust might not have anything to do with his assessment.

    The Soviet Union was done in by rampant corruption. Some see the previous
    administration as a repeat of what was going on in the Soviet Union prior
    to it's collapse. At a certain point, you need to reign in your own greed.
    This isn't just altruism, it's also enlightened self interest.

    If you steal too much ultimately the system won't be able to sustain itself
    anymore and it will collapse. "Greed with no rules" ultimately destroys itself.

    --
    A Pirate and a Puritan look the same on a balance sheet.
  11. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by mcgrew · · Score: 5, Interesting

    No, but history says you can extrapolate it twenty years into the future.

    Business was booming when Warren Harding died, and in a primitive Vermont farmhouse, by the light of an old-fashioned kerosene lamp, Colonel John Coolidge administered to his son Calvin the oath of office as President of the United States. The hopeless depression of 1921 had given way to the hopeful improvement of 1922 and the rushing revival of 1923.

    The prices of common stocks, to be sure, suggested no unreasonable optimism. On August 2, 1923, the day of Harding's death, United States Steel (paying a five-dollar dividend) stood at 87, Atchison (paying six dollars) at 95, New York Central (paying seven) at 97, and American Telephone and Telegraph (paying nine) at 122; and the total turnover for the day on the New York Exchange amounted to only a little over 600,000 shares. The Big Bull Market was still far in the future. Nevertheless the tide of prosperity was in full flood.

    Pick up one of those graphs with which statisticians measure the economic ups and downs of the Post-war Decade. You will find that the line of business activity rises to a jagged peak in 1920, drops precipitously into a deep valley in late 1920 and 1921, climbs uncertainly upward through 1922 to another peak at the middle of 1923, dips somewhat in 1924 (but not nearly so far as in 1921), rises again in 1925 and zigzags up to a perfect Everest of prosperity in 1929-only to plunge down at last into the bottomless abyss of 1930 and 1931.

    Hold the graph at arm's-length and glance at it again, and you will see that the clefts of 1924 and 1927 are mere indentations in a lofty and irregular plateau which reaches from early 1923 to late 1929. That plateau represents nearly seven years of unparalleled plenty; nearly seven years during which men an women might be disillusioned about politics and religion and love, but believed that at the end of the rainbow there was at least a pot of negotiable legal tender consisting of the profits of American industry and American salesmanship; nearly seven years during which the businessman was, as Stuart Chase put it, "the dictator of our destinies," ousting "the statesman, the priest, the philosopher, as the creator of standards of ethics and behavior" and becoming "the final authority on the conduct of American society." For nearly seven years, the prosperity band-wagon rolled down Main Street.

    The book chronicles a real estate boom (like our generation had a few years ago) and the aforementioned stock market boom. The similarities between that time and ours, economically and sociologically, are astounding.

    Give us another fifteen to twenty five years and our economy will be ok, most likely.

    In view of what was about to happen, it is enlightening to recall how things looked at this juncture to the financial prophets, those gentlemen whose wizardly reputations were based upon their supposed ability to examine a set of graphs brought to them by a statistician and discover, from the relation of curve to curve and index to index, whether things were going to get better or worse. Their opinions differed, of course; there never has been a moment when the best financial opinion was unanimous. In examining these opinions, and the outgivings of eminent bankers, it must furthermore be acknowledged that a bullish statement cannot always be taken at its face value: few men like to assume the responsibility of spreading alarm by making dire predictions, nor is a banker with unsold securities on his hands likely to say anything which will make it more difficult to dispose of them, unquiet as his private mind may be. Finally, one must admit that prophecy is at best the most hazardous of occupations. Nevertheless, the general state of financial opinion in October, 1929, makes an instructive contrast with that in February and March, 1928, when, as we have seen, the skies had not appeared any too brig

  12. Iterations by steveha · · Score: 5, Insightful

    While we are daydreaming about what might have been, I'd like to imagine an alternate history where NASA didn't stop iterating.

    NASA got the Saturn V through an iterative development cycle. Get Werner von Braun, have him build rockets very similar to ones he had built before; fly them, collect data, improve the design. Fly the new ones, collect data, improve the design. Over and over.

    And then, for the Space Shuttle, NASA essentially said "We don't need to do that test and improve cycle anymore; we are just going to design the Space Shuttle on paper, build it, and be done." NASA's unsung heroes of rocket surgery managed to make it work, but that's a triumph of hard work and overtime against management stupidity.

    It would have been cheaper to keep the test/improve cycle going than to spend ten years building the shuttle and flying nothing. According to Wikipedia, the Shuttle program will have cost $174 billion by its conclusion in 2010; the Saturn V program cost $32 to $45 billion in today's dollars ($6.5 billion in 1960's dollars; the inflation is depressing, isn't it?). But at the time the Shuttle project was started, the Saturn V had already been paid for; just keeping it flying would have cost even less than those numbers suggest. And besides, you wouldn't need a Saturn V for every flight; just for ones where you need that kind of crazy lift capacity.

    It would actually have been far cheaper to keep flying expendables, but keep developing them, and hopefully iterate into something reusable. Take the rockets from the 1960's, and spend 20 years flying and improving them, and what would you have in the 1980's? A lot more stuff flying, more safely, and a lot cheaper.

    The Shuttle was a mistake, of management more than anything else.

    steveha

    --
    lf(1): it's like ls(1) but sorts filenames by extension, tersely