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Reprogrammed Skin Cells Turned Into Baby Mice

InfiniteZero writes "According to this WSJ story, 'Two teams of Chinese researchers working separately have reprogrammed mature skin cells of mice to an embryonic-like state and used the resulting cells to create live mouse offspring. The reprogramming may bring scientists one step closer to creating medically useful stem-cell lines for treating human disease without having to resort to controversial laboratory techniques. However, the advance poses fresh ethical challenges because the results could make it easier to create human clones and babies with specific genetic traits.'"

46 of 284 comments (clear)

  1. others trying to force their morales on us by timmarhy · · Score: 3, Insightful

    one persons moral code should never prevent someone else getting medical treatment. bottom line, if you don't believe in that you don't believe in freedom. this kind of research is what will save lives in the future.

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    1. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by yincrash · · Score: 3, Insightful

      the question is when is something considered a separate sentient being, (or a living human). i'm pretty sure punishing people for killing other innocent people (even to save another) is not considered shoving morals down throats.

    2. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by timmarhy · · Score: 4, Interesting
      "i'm pretty sure punishing people for killing other innocent people (even to save another) is not considered shoving morals down throats"

      but that's got nothing to do with stem cell research - you can kill other people to harvest their organs right now. and it does happen. so that's adding nothing to the discussion.

      the point is, we should be given the freedom to get to the point where we need to answer such moral questions like "when is an cloned organ donor human?" for ourselfs, and not have that taken away by the moralist right.

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    3. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by timmarhy · · Score: 2, Insightful

      wtf isn't precise about it? maybe you need to learn to read without the tinted glasses on.

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    4. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Darkness404 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      the point is, we should be given the freedom to get to the point where we need to answer such moral questions like "when is an cloned organ donor human?" for ourselfs, and not have that taken away by the moralist right.

      Just because you don't believe it doesn't mean its not right. Or are you ok with the "moralist right" saying that we were created because they have the right to answer it for the world? You see, the problem is, you end up possibly killing someone else if you are wrong. And really, the least you can say is that its not human even though it is A) living B) has human DNA and C) if developed would be a functioning human being. But I'm sure you also believe that each parent can choose what to do with their kid including abusing or even killing them right?

      --
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    5. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by timmarhy · · Score: 5, Insightful
      "But lets say for a moment that a fertilized egg is a human being"

      this is exactly what i'm talking about - i don't agree that a couple of cells constitutes a human being, so why should someone like yourself who this has zero impact on get to deny 100,000's of people potentially life saving treatments? i'd like to see these people against stem cell research look a kid dieing from organ failure in the eye, and tell him they don't believe cloned organs are worth looking into.

      i think part of the problem is a lot of people have romanticised the idea of conception, if they were to actually go to a lab and see what they are protesting about they might alter their views.

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    6. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Thiez · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I for one find it ridiculous that a single cell would enjoy the same rights as a real person with a personality, experiences, and so forth. The moment a single cell can be a legal human is the moment I'll embrace the concept of 'lesser' humans that can be slain for the convenience of 'superior' humans (where one human would be superior than another one when the cellcount of the former is at least 9 orders of magnitude larger than the cellcount of the latter.

      No wait, screw that. Why again does being a 'human being' make something special? Maybe that's worth examining.

    7. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by timmarhy · · Score: 3, Insightful
      "But I'm sure you also believe that each parent can choose what to do with their kid including abusing or even killing them right?"

      your talking about a functioning child there, while i'm talking about less then a dozen cells in a test tube. i appreciate you need to muddy the waters to try discredit my point but lets atleast compare apples and apples ok?

      i guess your next argument is that those cells MIGHT become a child, but by that logic i'm a murderer everytime i jack off since every sperm MIGHT have been a child, right?

      --
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    8. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      So given that they just managed to reprogram skin cells into an embryo and have it mature into viable offspring, it would be immoral for me to cut away live skin while cleaning off a wound because it could develop into a functioning human being? Please... if it isn't neurologically advanced enough to be aware it is a human being, it does not deserve to live over a person.

    9. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Attila+Dimedici · · Score: 2, Informative

      one persons moral code should never prevent someone else getting medical treatment. bottom line, if you don't believe in that you don't believe in freedom. this kind of research is what will save lives in the future.

      So, if Bill Gates needs a liver transplant and there is someone in a database who is a donor match for him, you have no problem with him hiring people to go out and harvest that liver from an otherwise healthy person? After all it is just some people's moral code that murder is wrong.
      Or is it that it is only moral codes that you don't agree with that you want to ignore?

      --
      The truth is that all men having power ought to be mistrusted. James Madison
    10. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Penguinshit · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Only half, if counting complete chromosome sets.

    11. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      [quote]the point is, we should be given the freedom to get to the point where we need to answer such moral questions like "when is an cloned organ donor human?" for ourselfs, and not have that taken away by the moralist right.[/quote]

      So the ends justifies the means? Welcome to the scientific worldview of Nazi Germany.

      As is rather obvious, both sides of the stem cell debate tend to be rather myopic point of view. The proponents of embryonic stem cell research tend to emphasise the source of the material, and the opponents the potential of the material.

      I think we'd all do well to take a longer term perspective. There is no question in my mind that within the next 10 years we will be able to do with adult stem cells all that we can currently do with embryonic stem cells and much, much more. The question we should be asking ourselves, how will we be viewed in 200 years time? Will we be seen in a different light to the Nazi medical experiments of the 1930s and 40s? At the moment, unfortunately, I suspect not. It just seems barbaric to engage in ethically controversial practices when a non-controversial alternative is just around the corner.

    12. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Bobb9000 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That's interesting information regarding fetal development timing, but I'd be careful about what you mean by "sentient" here. Is a cow sentient? It has a quite well-developed nervous system, interacts with its surroundings, and will attempt to avoid being killed. Does that mean hamburger is murder? I've never seen any evidence that infants in the womb, or even recently outside of it, possess the sort of self-aware consciousness that we tend to consider uniquely human.

      I'm also somewhat skeptical of your math regarding birth control, because I know too many people with active sex lives who have somehow managed to have neither abortions nor babies over the years. It might work out in theory, but in practice...not so much.

      --
      Bobb9000 - raised by the wolves,
      Oxford education as phrased by the wolves.
    13. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Schadrach · · Score: 5, Informative

      I actually watched that video you linked. At what point does something similar to your link text occur? I must have missed it.

    14. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by shentino · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The moral side of me agrees with you.

      The "I'll do whatever the fuck I wanna" side thinks you should go to hell. How dare you infringe my right to do as I please?

      Sadly, people think that free sex is a god given right and don't give a shit about the consequences.

      I dare say that if sex were more restrained, we could cure AIDS in a heartbeat, along with every other STD out there.

    15. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Um... no... First of all at the 18th day of pregnancy fetuses have a rudimentary nervous system, they have no provable manner of sentience. Furthermore any attempt of a baby of that age to "fight off" an abortion has never been shown to be a conscious action and is much more likely to be reflex loop. Finally statistics don't work like that, in reference to the pill. Now, please don't refute it as a moral argument without any shred of supporting evidence. Please read "Principles of Biomedical Ethics" by Beauchamp before wasting other peoples time.

      Thanks!

      Biomedical Engineer

    16. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by OeLeWaPpErKe · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Cows are a ridiculous example, since they've long made the evolutionary choice of serving as human's food.

      For them (well ... for their genes), there has never been a better decision. There is no single large mammal, anywhere in history, that had numbers that even approach the number of cows alive today.

      Unfortunately, there is also another side to your question. A human, 2-year-old child is perfectly able to not become sentient, or at least lose the ability to respond in what we'd consider a sentient way to other humans. Several human babies have, obviously by accident, been raised by various large animals. Wolves, dogs, apes, ... all have raised human infants, and in all cases the resulting adults were not capable of developing sufficient cognitive ability to live in human society. Only one of them ever learned basic speech.

      Some psychologists claim that any human being, if isolated from communication for a long enough period, will actually lose sentience. Or at the very least will lose the ability to speak, read, or even feel pain.

      So the problem is simple : a 2-year old child would not be sentient by the criterion that you imply. And there are human adults alive that would not satisfy this criterion either. Entire uncivilized tribes would fail that distinction, and would be considered animals. Taken to the extreme, certain ideologies could be taken as distinctly non-sentient (or less sentient) than others. I assume you at least consider every adult human (in this case, say > 12 years) sentient, so your implied criterion would be a non-starter.

      So any real useful criterion for sentience would have to focus on the potential of becoming a feeling, growing, loving, talking, thinking ... being. It would not do to focus on actually having achieved anything, but merely on the potential. Any such criterion, of course, would consider a feutus sentient, which is correct, imho.

    17. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by bill_kress · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Do you really not see the flaw in this analogy, or are you just trying to make a point to support a belief?

      Anyway, in case you really don't see it, the larger point of the original post was that you don't have the right to force something on someone else. Murder is the most sever of the things you could force on someone else, denying medical treatment less so...

      This leads to some pretty large topics like health care and abortion--cases where people don't all agree to the terms (Is it the fetus or the mother who is having their rights violated today?), but regardless of other topics, that's what the original poster meant and your post completely missed.

    18. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by Scrameustache · · Score: 4, Informative

      Just so you the human nervous system activates on the 18th day of pregnancy. You know, about 10 days before even a very attentive woman would realise she's pregnant. At that point the nerves fire, they move the muscles, they register the impulses coming from the sensory organs. It is not just active, but it starts learning about it's environment (for example, many stick their thumbs in their mouths, even if the mouth is but a little bump in the face at this point).

      What thumbs?
      Embryonic age: Week nr 3. 2 weeks old. 15-21 days from fertilization.

              * A notochord forms in the center of the embryonic disk. (day 16 of fert.[2])
              * Gastrulation commences. (day 16of fert.[2])
              * A neural groove (future spinal cord) forms over the notochord with a brain bulge at one end. Neuromeres appear. (day 18 of fert.[2])
              * Somites, the divisions of the future vertebra, form. (day 20 of fert.[2])
              * Primitive heart tube is forming. Vasculature begins to develop in embryonic disc. (day 20 of fert.[2])

      It takes a few more weeks for thumbs to appear:
      Embryonic age: Week nr 6. 5 weeks old. 36-42 days from fertilization.

              * The embryo measures 13 mm (1/2 inch) in length.
              * Lungs begin to form.
              * The brain continues to develop.
              * Arms and legs have lengthened with foot and hand areas distinguishable.
              * The hands and feet have digits, but may still be webbed.
              * The gonadal ridge begins to be perceptible.
              * The lymphatic system begins to develop.

      --

      You can't take the sky from me...

    19. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by lavaboy · · Score: 2, Interesting

      let's make it even more fun. Suppose that, as is actually the case, liver donation doesn't necessarily have to be fatal - you can in fact donate a part of your liver to someone in need of one, and it will grow in them if everything works out right. So, who is immoral in the situation where the posited homeless guy makes a deal with the posited CEO to sell him a chunk of his liver? Homeless guy? CEO? Some idiot(s) proclaiming the the sanctity of the abdominal cavity? hmmm...

      --
      Steve -- If you have to call it a system, you don't know what it is.
    20. Re:others trying to force their morales on us by gunnarstahl · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I can tell you from my own experience that a baby in the fifth week of its life is capable of surviving. Like my son, who was born week 25+2 (meaning 25 weeks plus two days), weighing 740 grams. My wife had developed a condition called hellp syndrome. Now he is six years old. I have videos of his very first hours of life and although this little thing might not be even close to what you think of as a baby I can tell you that this little person has feelings and emotions.
      Odd thing: even minutes before his birth it would have been legal to abort him. Doing the same five minutes after his birth would constitute as murder. Who decides that this baby, when it is still in the womb, can be killed?

      Yt,

      Gunnar

  2. Ethical challenges? by phantomfive · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I am sure I am not the only one who is tired of hearing about ethical challenges that come with every small new incremental step in stem cell/cloning research. The issues haven't changed, they are the same as when cloning was first brought to the public spotlight when dolly was cloned; and they are the same as have been discussed in science fiction circles way before that.

    Seriously, they freakin' took skin and turned it into another living creature! That is by far the coolest thing I've heard this week, and the only thing you can think of to say about it is something about ethical issues? That's like saying, "I invented artificial intelligence, but I don't know what to do about my ugly computer case, where can I get a nice one?" seriously, this is a problem that, while somewhat interesting, can be solved, is not particularly relevant, and really doesn't need to be discussed here.

    --
    Qxe4
    1. Re:Ethical challenges? by GrantRobertson · · Score: 3, Interesting

      In free countries, how did the powerful become powerful? Have they done something you couldn't do?

      Often they have done something (or a series of things) that most people wouldn't do, and that many believe one shouldn't do. It is rarely or ever a simple matter of the ones with the power having been the ones who were merely more capable. Free countries still have social norms, standard ethical codes, and even laws that a few choose to ignore. That those few who choose to ignore the norms, codes, and laws sometimes gain power is not an excuse for the rest of us to ignore them as well. An "every man for himself" culture often sounds great until that "every man" happens to be someone who is willing or able to take from you to get what they want.

    2. Re:Ethical challenges? by maharb · · Score: 2, Insightful

      This is just about as unethical as your parents choosing to conceive you. Why does a scientist not have the right to make a human in his lab but a man and a women do have that right? What can be argued is how that created animal is treated after it is created. If it is neglected/abused/treated badly then you can start bitching.

  3. "Controversial laboratory techniques" by religious+freak · · Score: 2, Interesting

    What bullshit. If you support stem cell research (as I do) have the balls to call it what it is...

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    1. Re:"Controversial laboratory techniques" by radtea · · Score: 3, Interesting

      There is no scientific consensus on when life begins, but most would agree that the thing is a living human whenever the egg is fertilized.

      It appears we are now on a slippery slope that some of us have been predicting for a long time. From the article: "All you need are somebody's skin cells to create a human baby."

      That isn't quite true yet, but it will be soon. The technique these guys are using injects reverted skin cells into an existing embryo, so you still need an embryo to start with. But that's just a temporary thing. At some point we will be able to revert skin cells to zygotes, and at that point all the crazy "life begins at conception therefore abortion is wrong" folks will go really nuts, because the completely nominal line between "ordinary somatic cell" and "living human being" will be entirely erased. Every cell in our bodies will clearly have the potential to become an independent, living human being, just like a zygote made the old fashion way.

      Every human society has practised some form of defacto infanticide, and abortion is WAY better than any alternative, and pregnant women are FAR more qualified than anyone else--both on an information-theoretic basis and a moral basis--to decide what happens to their offspring and their body. Ergo, life begins at conception, and abortion is not wrong.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
    2. Re:"Controversial laboratory techniques" by GlassHeart · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Whether life begins at conception depends entirely on what you mean by "life", and that's a matter for philosophy or religion, not science. Science can never change one's mind about what constitutes life, because life is life by definition.

      Whenever necessary, the people who want to believe a certain thing will refine their definitions to suit what they want to believe. Take, for example, the loophole in some laws that forgot to mention that "marriage" must be between a man and a woman that anti-gay folks are trying to close.

      While most might "agree that there is a living human at fertilization", the same most would probably not be willing to investigate every single miscarriage as an accidental death, or even potential murder case. Clearly, they're not quite fully "life", both morally and logistically.

  4. Controversial? by dov_0 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I really don't understand how this experiment could be seen as controversial, as the cloning effort was to prove that an adult's cells could be reprogrammed to form any type of tissue, as opposed to harvesting our own young, which is clearly a practice with ethical question marks all over it. The focus was not cloning. We can do cloning well enough now. The technology already exists. What this research does mean is a glimpse into a future with no waiting lists for donor organs, no harvesting from the dead and far fewer rejection issues for new organs, as they would be your own tissue, from your own cells. Good stuff.

    --
    sudo mount --milk --sugar /cup/tea /mouth /etc/init.d/relax start
    1. Re:Controversial? by Starlon · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The problem is some spirituals, such as Christians, believe cloning is like playing God, and should be eschewed by all means.

      --
      Health Freedom is almost as popular as Freedom itself.
    2. Re:Controversial? by nawcom · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The problem is some spirituals, such as Christians, believe cloning is like playing God, and should be eschewed by all means.

      In that sense, we are in fact playing a role of their "God". Why don't they pray to their god and tell him to finally show himself in a physical sense and then we can discuss what his little rules are regarding this. This reminds me of that quote, "God did not create man in his own image, rather, man created God in his own image." Science is becoming God.

    3. Re:Controversial? by srmalloy · · Score: 3, Informative

      Read the article more closely; it's not about cloning at all. The reprogrammed stem cells were injected into already-developing embryos to create artificial chimeras -- mice that contained cells from the donor line, not just the parents'. The intent of the research is to achieve true cloning, but they still have to get past the hurdle of starting the embryonic development. However, using this technique to grow organs, since the organs will grow as part of the embryos' normal development, will be "harvesting our own young" -- taking normal embryos, usurping them to grow organs with another genotype, and then removing them for use as transplants. Getting organs to grow in vitro is a much more complex and daunting prospect.

    4. Re:Controversial? by Belisarivs · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It's more complicated than that. There are those who believe in genetic diversification, and see genetic manipulation as a threat to that, much as they see GM crops along those lines. This is more of a niche ethical argument, but it's out there.

      Additionally, and this is the ethical argument that Charles Krauthammer, (hardly a "spiritualist" and he's pro-choice), that it becomes an ethical dilemma if we create life simply to destroy it. At that point, there is a breakdown in the fundamental moral underpinnings of our concept of "natural law" and fundamental rights, and you encourage a very real threat from an ethical slippery slope.

      One of the common arguments against cloning and genetic modification from Christians (although it is espoused by non-Christians as well) that society will become increasingly intolerant of "defects", and that people considered such (like those with Down-syndrome, or even physical defects) will be considered "sub-human".

      Lastly, there is a worry that the "human" status of those cloned, despite being human, will be less than we attribute to those we consider "human".

      Our "enlightened" view of humanity took a long time to achieve. A lot of people (myself included) feel that we are pushing the limits of our shared morality is capable of dealing with. The fact that a lot of people aren't even considering the implications of these scientific advancements don't do much to alleviate that concern.

  5. The question keep becoming more complex... by Jugalator · · Score: 4, Funny

    Soon enough, there won't be a single, simple, answer to the classic question

    how is babby formed

    --
    Beware: In C++, your friends can see your privates!
  6. pups or it didn't happen... by kulakovich · · Score: 2, Funny

    If I hear one more "I turned stem cells into X" story without proof - real proof! - I think we're going to need to start posting these things under "comedy".

    kulakovich

  7. so wait by sonciwind · · Score: 4, Funny

    Scientists now how the power to turn people in to baby chickens? Delicious!

  8. Is it viable cloning though? by damn_registrars · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The summary is trying to bring up classic fears of cloning. However just because they raised pups from skin cells does not mean they can raise offspring from those cells that have a legitimate chance of living full lives. If they are indeed starting from adult skin cells, then they are starting with essentially old material; mammalian cells (excluding gametes and their progenitor cells) generally only can divide a certain number of times before they are no longer really viable for growth.

    So before we see people start banging the drum over "ZOMG! Teh humanz r cloning!" we need to see if these mouse clones are actually viableclonesof their parents.

    --
    Damn_registrars has no butt-hole. Damn_registrars has no use for a butt-hole.
  9. It has ALL been done before! by erroneus · · Score: 3, Interesting

    God did it when he made Eve from the rib [cells] of Adam. This is nothing new or remarkable. But, because God did it, we shouldn't... just like flight and other technologies man has managed to understand the develop. Have I said that right? What say you "Religious Right"?

  10. Every cell is sacred! by andersen · · Score: 3, Funny

    Every cell is sacred! When a cell is wasted, God gets quite irate.

    --
    -Erik -- --This message was written using 73% post-consumer electrons--
  11. Misleading summary, of course by Jiro · · Score: 4, Informative

    Though part of that is the fault of the original article.

    In their study published in the journal Nature, scientists led by Qi Zhou of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing described how they injected reprogrammed mouse cells into an early-stage embryo to see whether the introduced cells contributed to the tissue of the eventual fetus.

    In other words, they did not take a skin cell and turn it into a baby mouse. They took a skin cell and decided to see if an already existing mouse embryo would accept the stem cells created from it.

  12. Re:More importantly by trg83 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Brian who?

  13. Screw the ethical concerns by sukotto · · Score: 2, Funny

    Screw the ethical concerns

    I want them to grow a clone of me and start replacing the parts of me that are wearing out.
    They can start with my teeth, eyes, and knees.

    --
    Come play free flash games on Kongregate!
    1. Re:Screw the ethical concerns by freedom_india · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Forget that, old man.
      I would rather build a Jessica Alba or a Cindy Crawford for me.
      As history shows, ALL new technologies have been first used for pr0n: the printing press (am sure after printing the Bible, Gutenberg's 2nd book was an early edition of P1ayboy), the telephone, the cinema, BB's, internet, virtual reality, etc.
      If this stuff about creating new life out of a few cells is true, then the first few lives well be by own Alba, or heck, even Jessica Simpson.

      --
      "Doing what i can, with what i have." ~ Burt Gummer
  14. Drawing the line by TheLink · · Score: 5, Interesting

    > Where do we draw the line?

    I'm sure most of us agree we'll have to draw the line somewhere.

    The first problem as you say is "Where?".

    Whatever we choose will seem rather arbitrary, stupid and unsatisfactory to most people, but it's going to be even more stupid to not draw a line. Or worse- to draw many lines on a case to case basis.

    Analogy: when you invent cakes, sooner or later someone has to draw the line and decide what can legally be considered a cake. It be seem silly, and the line may be redrawn later, but it will still have to be drawn. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa_Cakes#Cake_or_biscuit.3F

    Once we give ourselves a "power", it becomes our responsibility.

    Which brings us to the next big problem. To me it seems like the scientists etc are merrily giving us "powers" way before we are ready.

    To me, certain areas of research should be postponed till we are ready to draw the relevant lines.

    Right now scientists and many other people keep saying stuff like "do it because we can", "don't stop progress", "don't be a luddite".

    BUT this is NOT the same as being luddites or sticking our heads in the sand, this is in fact the opposite. This is seeing a potential issue in the horizon, and choosing to not charge at it, until we have a more well thought out plan of what to do when we get there.

    The power to make "Jaffa Cakes" and biscuits is not a real biggie, but what should we do with human/animal/machine hybrids?

    What makes you legally human? Killing a stray aka "free" dog and unplugging a brain dead human are considered different things legally.

    At what points do we consider something human? Be very careful where and how the line is drawn, or many of us may end up not being legally considered human. If we draw the line another way, we might have to stop eating pigs, dogs, etc. The pigs might be happier (or not - since pig farmers will just close down their pig farms and leave them to fend for themselves aka die). It is no trivial matter. We already have enough problems convincing people what can and cannot be done with human embryos, imagine the problems with hybrid human-animal embryos.

    If we are not prepared to draw certain lines yet, "don't go there yet" then. If we charge into things, the judges may not have enough understanding when they draw the first line, could then be a long and troubled wait till it is next redrawn.

    There are plenty of other areas to do research in first (and limited resources anyway). Areas without such problems.

    Lastly, even if a human embryo isn't much in the early months (or weeks), for symbolic reasons we could draw a more cautious (early) line. After all we for various reasons have chosen to elevate humans and human life above all other creatures. If we are going to value humans so highly, giving special value to a near brainless human embryo doesn't seem that stupid to me.

    Plus if we don't, it might be harder to convince the future AIs or advanced hybrids to value humans and their embryos as highly ;).

    --
    1. Re:Drawing the line by fractoid · · Score: 4, Interesting

      At what points do we consider something human? Be very careful where and how the line is drawn, or many of us may end up not being legally considered human. If we draw the line another way, we might have to stop eating pigs, dogs, etc.

      This is the fundamental problem of performance-based definitions of sentience. You're never going to find a set of purely performance-based criteria that simultaneously allows all genetic humans, and disqualifies all non-genetic humans, and let us be perfectly clear - what we're trying to do is find a functional excuse for 'speciesism' that lets us justify treating some animals as livestock while retaining the concept that other animals are special.

      It will be a long hard fight for equality when we finally do meet or engineer sentient life from non-human stock. And of course, we'll then have to face the moral question of what rights are 'inalienable' to humans, and what rights should be granted to subhuman but still sentient creatures. Sooner or later we're going to have to face and deal with the fact that *not* all men (of whatever gender and species) are created equal. It's going to be interesting watch people try to decide whether they are all created with equal basic rights to life, liberty etc.

      --
      Rampant carbon sequestration destroyed the Dinosaurs' tropical paradise. I'm here to help repair the damage.
    2. Re:Drawing the line by TheLink · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That speciesism does help make it harder for one small group of people treating the rest of us as livestock. Or at least gives most of us livestock the illusion that we're not livestock :).

      The target of "equality amongst humans" has produced a fair amount good even if we don't get full marks on it. I daresay it's produced more good than harm, so it's a good target.

      > It will be a long hard fight for equality when we finally do meet or engineer sentient life from non-human stock.

      The sooner we engineer sentient (or near sentient) life, the sooner we have all these problems. We already don't treat most animals that well. OK many pets are treated well, but the rest not so well.

      Are we really ready? What's the benefit compared to the costs? We can repair a few thousand very rich humans? Or we get to revisit that slavery thing? At least dogs are mostly happy to serve us - we bred them that way over generations. But give them some "intelligence" genes that also make them not so "happy to serve" = big problem.

      It's not progress if we create opportunities for doing far more evil than good. Creating a new bunch of sentient creatures just to enslave or use as "spare parts" doesn't come under doing lots of good.

      So with certain fields I think it's best to wait till we can figure out how to do more good than evil with the proposed "advance" in science and tech.

      You can _augment_ humans, without creating "real" AI. You could augment animals too, without creating "AI" or making human-animal hybrids - e.g. use a computer to help a dog/ape/parrot "speak".

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  15. Sensationalism by julesh · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Damned popular press covering science stories...

    "All you need are somebody's skin cells to create a human baby.""

    And, you know, an embryo. Which will become a human baby all by itself anyway.