Silicon As the New Lithium
hduff writes "While lithium-ion batteries offer better performance than lead-acid or ni-cad batteries, the supply of lithium is limited and the batteries can pose problems. Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute are building a better battery with easily obtainable sand and air."
Don't you need a lot of copper to actualyl do anything useful with a battery?
Is'nt the world reserve of copper basically mined out?
Is if the best sand is in Saudi Arabia and the factory in Australia, then we would ship send both ways from desert to desert and be sure the aliens NEVER contact us!
MMO Quests are like orgasms:
You may solo them, I prefer them in a group.
Phew!
I thought I was going to have to inject silicon under the skin on my shoulder. Funny, didn't think all those implant leakages produced well adjusted, although a little quiet and drooley, bar wenches.
.
Wouldn't you know it. You turn the desert into an environment that supports agriculture and the very thing you got rid of in mass quantities turns out to be the main ingredient in the technology of the future. Doesn't that just rub you the wrong way.
While new battery technology is very important in our current time, the sheer number of duplicate stories and borderline advertisement/marketing stories on Slashdot about these new batteries, WITH a combines lithium FUD scare at the same time no less, sours these stories.
Chemically very similar to Lithium. Plenty of Natrium around.
Deleted
And there is the fact that salt water has lithium. In fact, some startups are trying to extract it now. If the price goes high enough, it will be practical to extract lithium from the ocean.
Still in prototype (seems he might have only made one, and he tested it for 600 hours ). Not rechargable. More powerful than current hearing aid batteries. May be made rechargable in 10 years (how on earth do people estimate this stuff? How can you estimate how long it will take to do something no one has ever done? It might not even be possible). Rumors abound. If it works out it will be great, but don't hold your breath.
Still, it's kind of cool that you can make a battery out of sand.
Qxe4
in a daze 'cause i found juice
10 PRINT CHR$(205.5+RND(1)); : GOTO 10
they'll be treating manic depression with silicone?
Then again, I guess they've been doing that for years with breast implants...
Paper at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1388248109003889
The capacity of the prototypes was very small, but they are hoping to acchieve 10 Ah/g.
The article does not help understand how it actually works, so I read around and went to the Technion-friends website.
Basically normal sand is Silicon-Dioxide. If you take pure silicon and build a battery from it, and expose the battery to air, the silicon will interact with the oxygen in the air. So the pure silicon will become silicon dioxide - sand. In the process, it releases energy.
The neat trick in the battery - is that they set it up so that the energy is released NOT as heat (which is the usual thing), but some of it as electricity. They do this with some kind of membrane that allows oxygen ions to flow through, but electrons must come the other way - hence an electric flow.
Like any innovation, will take some years to be fully researched and commercialized. Small batteries will probably come first, bigger ones (for cars) later. And how to recharge does not seem obvious - at least not from the description so far.
A lot of people above are skeptical - but really this kind of innovation is what science and engineering are all about. Innovation goes hand in hand with raising ever more questions; we should be used to that by now.
Really really cool. And smart. My hat off to the Israeli guys and their collaborators in USA & Japan.
I have read the original publication (doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2009.08.015) and cannot understand much of the (electro-)chemistry of it.
The electrode potential is strongly dependent on the doping of the silicon, which makes sense, but the I/V curve looks less than impressive. It's mostly a bad fuel cell, at the moment.
Also, the chemistry of the electrolyte is not clear to me. In principle the battery should work according to dissolution of Si from the anode, transport through the electrolyte (an ionic liquid with fluorine) and reaction with oxygen at the air cathode. The researchers claim that they observe a white deposit at the cathode, and that this deposit is SiO2.
Silicon-fluorine chemistry is quite complicated, IIRC, and I cannot for the life of me imagine transport of Si4+ ions in the electrolyte. Also, HF as such does not dissolve Si, but it need some strong acid to start the etching. How this phenomenon can happen in the ionic liquid is beyond me.
Also, in the introduction, the researchers claim that the battery has an "infinite shelf life", but then talk about corrosion currents in the paper. If there is corrosion (i.e. self discharge), then the shelf life is quite limited.
Cherry on top, they claim that SiO2 is easily reducible to reobtain Si. I am not familiar with silicon metallurgy, but I am not sure it is easy to do it electrochemically, let alone replate Si at the anode upon recharge.
On the plus side, they used metallurgical grade Si, which is dirt cheap when compared to semiconductor grade Si.
I would love for this to work, but at the moment the authors have omitted quite a bit of information. If I were the referee, I would have asked at least the questions above. Think of it, there is a corresponding author for a reason.
Disclaimer: I work in battery research, and I am hence jealous that they made it to the front page of Slashdot.
(sorry may be some confusion - a double post since the previous one inadvertently was anonymous)
To better understand how this works, I went to the Tehnion website.
Sand is actually Silicon-dioxide (combined silicon and oxygen). Pure silicon interacts with oxygen form the air to create sand. That's first-year normal chemistry. Usually such an interaction produces heat not electricity.
They built the battery from pure silicon, and the trick is that Oxygen from the air has to pass through a membrane to get to the silicon and oxidize it. The membrane will allow only oxygen ions through, so electrons have to flow the other way to match up with the ions and maintain overall neutrality. Hence you get a current instead of only heat.
Of course it will take some years to commercialize. Small applications will come first (small batteries), only later will we get big batteries (for cars?) and even later rechargeable stuff (if at all). I noticed many people are skeptical - but this is normal in science and engineering. Any real innovation raises new questions that must be answered. Kudos to the Israeli team, and their collaborators from USA & Japan.
Natrium is called SODIUM in English.
The chemical name is Natrium. Clearly English is wrong.
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what happens when we run out of sand? :)
Every day obviously, but which peak are you referring to? Mania or Depression?
Thank you. Thank you. I'll be here all the week.
off-topic, but...
How can you estimate how long it will take to do something no one has ever done? It might not even be possible)
Heh. That's what folks in my industry (software) do all the time.
(/me runs to skirt the customer hitting me over the head)
Wonderful, but there are an awful lot of warning signs that this thing is not a world-beater:
* It's not rechargeable. And I don't know of any simple electrochemical process that reverses the oxidation of silicon.
* It requires a Flourine-carrying electrolyte! Lithium is bad enuf, but Fluorine is really bad stuff.
* Usually "air-powered" batteries are limited to very low current, slow discharge applications, such as hearing-aids.
So it's very unlikely these could ever work like in a laptop or car, where you need amps, not microamps.
* Any practical and competitive battery would have to have a good power-density and be stable and manufacturable at a reasonable price.
Peak Oil is past. Peak oil isn't "we're running out" or even "we're not able to get it out quicker" but merely that you can't increase supply to match demand.
That's all.
And that passed us by in the 70's in the US, 90's in South America and North Sea and depending on which country, the 80s to the 00's in the Middle East.
Increased oil prices are the proof. OPEC tries to keep the price low enough to be sold quickly and high enough to be profitable, thereby maximising the rate of profit making in the oil industry.
That they have been unable to control the prices shows Peak Oil is past.
If this is your specialty, then please contribute more good articles about new batteries. It's hard to sort through the "coming soon in 10 years to never" from "coming soon, works pretty dang good now, perhaps on sale as early as next year" from "on sale now, here is a link" stuff.
Battery tech to me today is sort of like solar PV tech. I've read hundreds of articles of new amazing break throughs, yet when I go check prices, the PV panels I got ten years ago are still a deal compared to what I see offered for sale today. They are marginally more efficient today, but at twice the price. Same with ancient tech lead acid batteries for bulk stationary storage, or short range urban electric vehicles, still the best deal out there. As soon as you go to anything else, zooba, whip out the platinum card and prepare to pay as much for a battery bank as a new mid range conventional car.
That's what people are looking for, the currency unit to watts or amphours deal.
Except for the smallest portable gadgets using lithium ion, I am just not seeing any affordable and practical major breakthroughs hitting the market with either solar PV or batteries, compared to say the advances in the last ten years with computers/cellphones, what you can get for the same or less dollars.
So you argue that National Semiconductor is a CIA front (having "National" in its name and being American)? American Express was founded in 1850 but the olderst three-letter agency I can think of, the FBI, is half a century younger. Who does AmEx work for?
Also, this battery is interesting but hardly going to revolutionize the automotive world. From the specs they have released it sounds more like a replacement for zinc-air batteries used in hearing aids. Unless they invent a car that runs on ~1V these batteries are unlikely to power one.
So we have "hey, let's use a company with a name that will immediately put all the conspiracy theorists on high alert to release research data about a somewhat nice but not very exciting new battery technology so they will let us get away with whatever we want". Sorry, but either the Israelis are complete idiots or this is not a scheme to somehow keep us from scrutinizing them.
USE HOT GRITS WITH STATUE OF NATALIE PORTMAN (NAKED AND PETRIFIED)
i wish calling Lithium batteries "Li-on" (Li + ion) had taken root. Maybe we'll get it this time with Si-on.
Utilizing the synergization of benchmark e-solutions to pre-workaround action items!
As much as I despise how Israel behaves as a nation, do not mistake the actions of it's government for that of it's scientists.
Much simpler to just cut the population then the supply of everything (per capita) suddenly increases.
What we ought to be working on are technologies to help look after all those old people (you and me) as their proportion increases over time.
Stop trolling around, you stupid biatch!
As the other guy said, you can't connect the actions of the government to the actions of the scientists.
So next time, before you write crap, make sure to clean your ass beforehand, ya stupid jerk!
Now buzz off before I scrape your ass from the sky.
BTW: I am looking for a girlfriend.
Will it spontaneously combust the way some lithium batteries do? If not, then it's hardly a replacement!
"Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past." -- George Orwell
So we have "hey, let's use a company with a name that will immediately put all the conspiracy theorists on high alert to release research data about a somewhat nice but not very exciting new battery technology so they will let us get away with whatever we want". Sorry, but either the Israelis are complete idiots or this is not a scheme to somehow keep us from scrutinizing them.
You give the population of the Earth, (and certainly the internet), far too much credit, IMHO.
And I notice you had a hard time coming up with company names with the word, "America" (or similar) in them. I did too, otherwise I wouldn't have pointed out the Israeli name thing.
Now. . , the question is, was I modded into Troll Dust because of an unprovable speculation, or because I pointed out the truth of Israel's crimes against humanity in a world where people would prefer to pretend that psychopathic barbarity is A-okay?
-FL
As much as I despise how Israel behaves as a nation, do not mistake the actions of it's government for that of it's scientists.
I'm sure the guy working on batteries is just a guy working on batteries, and more power to him. But it's the Israeli self-promotion machine using him which I am pointing out here.
Scientists have a long history of tunnel vision. I'm sure the guys making the atom bomb were fine people as well, but that doesn't mean politics aren't always present.
For one, I hope this battery works out well. I want my laptop to last longer on the road. But there is still evil afoot and it's silly not to look at it and recognize its forms. The fact that my post has been modded into the ground as a 'Troll' is evidence that there is some serious dementia at work here.
Truth hurts.
-FL
Man also deliberately changes the face of the earth in an adverse manner, for purposes of warfare. In the ancient world, invading your neighbor's territory and destroying crops was a routine practice. See also: Salting the earth, Entomological warfare, Weather warfare.
-kgj
No lithium?! Here they are talking about taking him off his meds again... it's gonna make him anxious, and you don't wanna make Bunny anxious!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_company_name_etymologies
There's quite a few with "America" or "American" in them. Note though, putting "America" in your name when, to be competitive in the modern world market, you have to be an international corporation, is not the smartest business move.
"You give the population of the Earth, (and certainly the internet), far too much credit, IMHO."
It's interesting to me how almost all conspiracy theorists have the shared characterizations of being both elitist and ignorant at the same time.
Having recently read an article in the "New Scientist" as to how Carbon could be the new Silicon, thanks to Nanotechnology, this got me wondering whether Carbon could do the same thing for batteries, so I decided to see what the research status is. From what I can see Zinc-Carbon is the current cheap solution in non-rechargeable batteries (according to Wikipedia), though a few hits turn up Lead-Carbon batteries, with this following article suggesting it could be a "game changer":
http://seekingalpha.com/article/115257-lead-carbon-a-game-changer-for-alternative-energy-storage
As to whether that pans out we will have to see. The advantage of Carbon over Silicon and Lithium is its availability.
Jumpstart the tartan drive.
I could pose the counter-question of whether you think there is an Israeli consipracy and want others to know or whether the Israelis hired you to post unprovable speculation under the banner of an Israel critic to discredit all such critics? Can you undeniably prove you're not involved with them?
That's the problem with this kind of question: They're completely without substance because no matter what the answer is, you can always discount it by applying the question to the answer.
USE HOT GRITS WITH STATUE OF NATALIE PORTMAN (NAKED AND PETRIFIED)
In Friday, Heinlein made the point that the problem is not an energy shortage, but a shortage of really good, efficient, cheap ways to store and transport energy. He invented a technology called "Shipstones" to overcome this--which were essentially a sort of supercharged storage battery. This in turn enabled a world where fossil fuel use was all but unknown. (This was one of the few Heinlein books to address anything resembling environmental issues--and while I think some elements of his "solution" are far-fetched, such as a return to horses and animal power except for "Authorized Power Vehicles"--it's interesting to see how he dealt with it.)
There is a point to be made here. A really good battery technology is potentially a world changer. With such technology, we could get back to using oil for plastics and medicinal uses, just like the Romans did. :)
"He who would learn astronomy, and other recondite arts, let him go elsewhere. " -- John Calvin, commenting on Genesis 1
Always funny to see how knee-jerk people are about Israel, yet how silent/uncaring they are when it comes to similar, and mostly much bloodier, situations - the Algerian government's actions in Darfur, the Chinese in Tibet, Rwanda back in the '90s, etc.
I wonder why this is?
You suggest cutting the population AND preserving old people? I was hoping for a Logan's Run scenerio after that first sentence :(
Because they won't let us use the sand we already have instead we will have to import it from those crazies....
Tsukasa: All I really want, is to be left alone...
Lithium can be extracted from sea water, and even using current known methods, it would only raise the cost of lithium batteries by about 8%.
http://gas2.org/2008/10/13/lithium-counterpoint-no-shortage-for-electric-cars/
The killer problem for battery powered cars isn't weight, or energy density, it's cost.
The battery pack in the Tesla model S is an estimated $30,000 of it $55,000 price.
-- Should you believe authority without question?
Just use gold instead!
But really, we have a lot of otherwise useful metals being punted around in the form of money at the moment. We should use digital money and put the metal stuff to better use.
You make a good point, but why stop there?
We need these electrical conductors to get electrons from one place to another, right? If we could just tell the people at the other end to use the electrons they've already got at the other end, we'd save all sorts of trouble...
The only possible downside to this plan is we'd have to go out to the local pharmacy from time to time, buy a box of electrons to sprinkle over everything to de-ionize it again...
Bow-ties are cool.
Bolivia, on the other hand, has a socialist government and has been playing hardball with their lithium reserves.
And believe me, nothing hurts like having a ball of Bolivian Lithium thrown at you... It's not worth it, just for a walk...
Bow-ties are cool.
Well, please explain then, if possible, why panels-watts per dollar, are just not getting any cheaper. People really don't care that much about watts per square meter of modules, they want watts per buck deals. Watts per square meter are more a metric for spacecraft arrays, because of launch costs, folks in suburbia couldn't care less if they have to cover half their garage roof or all of it, as long as it gets much cheaper watts per dollar.
Near as I can see, we hit a plateau of affordability around 2002 (last year I bought any myself, started in 99) and they are getting more expensive, if anything. I know all about the fabs and how they were forced to use silicon rejects for so long, the demand for microchips has been so high, etc, but seems PV demand would have increased enough by now to overcome that limitation, along with all these thin film "printable" cells we keep hearing about. Nanosolar allegedly ships some cheaper stuff, but it is pure unobtanium retail inside the nation they are manufactured in, they go to Germany last I knew because of the guaranteed grid tie pay back figures, which are really good for the owners there. That leaves everyone else with still expensive stuff as the only option.
Like I said, hundreds of articles about new amazing breakthroughs over the past *decade* but it ain't hitting retail yet, same with any amazing batteries except for real small cheap gadgets, and even those are spendy, many dollars for a replacement cheap tiny bare bones cell phone or laptop batt still.
Luckily my old golf cart lead acid batts are still doing OK, I installed a desulphator to keep them clean, etc, but if I was to go shopping today for replacements..it would still be 18th century tech level lead acid as by far and away the best deal out there for bulk storage on the cheap. All these amazing breakthroughs with PV and batteries are not translating to anything joe six pack can get retail, so that's the question "why not"?
Ten years ago I really believed that by by now we would be able to slide on down to home depot and be able to grab 100 watt panels for 100 bucks, from a variety of makers. I thought it would be a lot more common and less expensive by now. I thought we might be able to grab NiMH or whatever for around 1/4th price they are still today, yet we can't, either product. And LiIon...just outtasite, ridiculous to even think about it for a home solar battery bank unless you are rolling in cash and don't know what to do with it. All the other exotic chemistry batteries..same deal, LiFe and so on, zinc/air, all that stuff, stuck in R&D land, while we potential consumers are still waiting for next week's amazing breakthrough article. In this same ten years, computers got three times as powerful for one third the cost..or is that not a fair comparison? PV is still around five bucks a watt retail, more or less the same as it was ten years ago. You can get marginally cheaper deals than that occasionally, scratch and dents, that's it. Where's the buck a watt stuff?
The history of NiMH batteries in electric cars more or less revolves around these guys
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobasys
from further down that same page, more on topic on why no large cheap NiMH yet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_encumbrance_of_large_automotive_NiMH_batteries
Always funny to see how knee-jerk people are about Israel, yet how silent/uncaring they are when it comes to similar, and mostly much bloodier, situations - the Algerian government's actions in Darfur, the Chinese in Tibet, Rwanda back in the '90s, etc.
Seems pretty obvious to me. It's all about cultural identity. --I went to high school with guys who now serve in the IDF. I know more Chinese people now, and consequently, the situation in Tibet is closer to my awareness as well.
Anyway, defending one's psychopathic behavior by pointing out other people who are doing the same thing is rather a bullshit defense. And calling people's reaction to butchery, "Knee Jerk" is a little strange, don't you think? After all, it's hardly an automatic response. It takes rather a lot of courage to criticize Israel openly in the current media environment. "Knee-jerk" would more aptly describe those people cringing with Pavlovian response to the threat of being called an Anti-Semite.
Labels are bullshit. What I see are people trying to justify genocide with a bunch of semantic nonsense. And you bloody-well know it.
-FL
There's quite a few with "America" or "American" in them.
No there's not. I saw a number of acronyms in that handy wiki-list, but none with the word "America" front & center. "AOL" doesn't pack the same punch as "Technion-Israel", now does it? In the game of media perceptions, this sort of thing makes rather a large difference.
It's interesting to me how almost all conspiracy theorists have the shared characterizations of being both elitist and ignorant at the same time.
Well, elitism is a natural by-product of seeking while others choose to hide. I certainly feel superior to those who repeatedly say and believe false things despite all evidence to the contrary. However the question of ignorance is the thing which is more interesting. Nobody knows everything, and the job is to seek and analyze the information and ideas which flow. This is all I am doing. I have simply come to realize that it is more efficient to assume guilt when it comes to the mainstream media and resolve innocence based on crucibles such as this very one we're in right now. --Anybody who assumes innocence from a main-stream media voice today is, frankly, a fool. --I say that based on what is readily knowable about the long series of endlessly repeating patterns we see in human nature, corporate nature, psychopathic nature, national policy and war.
-FL
I could pose the counter-question of whether you think there is an Israeli consipracy and want others to know or whether the Israelis hired you to post unprovable speculation under the banner of an Israel critic to discredit all such critics? Can you undeniably prove you're not involved with them?
Point taken. But it's curious that Israel is the villain in both your scenarios.
-FL
I don't tear olive trees.. :(
Well frankly I know that the Palestinians are being mistreated. But nobody knows how to deal with them..
And as said before, just because the soldiers misbehave, doesn't mean that the scientists misbehave as well. It's just plain mean to do that to my delicate soul.
And I'm still looking for a girlfriend. Any idea why I can't find any?