Slashdot Mirror


Proposed NASA Mission Would Sail the Seas of Titan

The BBC has a report on a proposal that will be submitted to NASA for funding — a mission to Saturn's moon Titan that would deposit a lander on its hydrocarbon sea. (We recently discussed the widely-circulated photo of sunlight glinting off one of Titan's seas.) "The scientific team behind the idea is targeting Ligeia Mare, a vast body of liquid methane sited in the high north of Saturn's largest moon. ... 'It is something that would really capture the imagination,' said Dr Ellen Stofan, from Proxemy Research, who leads the study team. 'The story of human exploration on Earth has been one of navigation and seafaring, and the idea that we could explore for the first time an extraterrestrial sea I think would be mind-blowing for most people,' she told BBC News. ... The Titan Mare Explorer (TiME) has already been under study for about two years. It is envisaged as a relatively low-cost endeavor — in the low $400m range. It could launch in January 2016, and make some flybys of Earth and Jupiter to pick up the gravitational energy it would need to head straight at the Saturnian moon for a splash down in June 2023."

46 of 197 comments (clear)

  1. Sailing the myriad seas? by newcastlejon · · Score: 5, Funny

    The story of human exploration on Earth has been one of navigation and seafaring, and the idea that we could explore for the first time an extraterrestrial sea I think would be mind-blowing for most people

    Oh come on, everyone knows that once you invent satellites the whole map is revealed!

    --
    If God forks the Universe every time you roll a die, he'd better have a damned good memory.
    1. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by msauve · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Your point is correct. "The story of human exploration" and seafaring was purposed on finding the distant shore, and what was there. On Earth, other than finding new life forms, the surface of the sea is pretty uninteresting. For a space mission, you can go to that distant shore directly. Not much chance of finding life in a sea of methane (and if there were life, you'd expect it to be everywhere in that sea).

      Other than providing a gimmick to make this different than previous missions, what's the point? Land something in a sea of methane and look for what? Sail around to find more liquid methane?

      --
      "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    2. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by geckipede · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The gravity is weak enough and the atmosphere thick enough that you barely even need a parachute. In any case, the only thing rockets could do to the methane there would be to boil some of it - there's no free oxygen out there to react with.

    3. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by Lord+Pillage · · Score: 2, Informative

      Unfortunately both of those incidents require oxygen to occur. Tough luck there's not much of that on Titan.

      --
      try { Signature mysig = new CleverAttempt(); } catch(NonCleverSignatureException e) { postanyway(); }
    4. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by Sanat · · Score: 2, Informative

      I did know that actually, but thanks for sharing it in more detail.

      It was just my pathetic attempt at being silly.

      --
      And in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make
    5. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by SleepingWaterBear · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, conditions on the earth vary dramatically with location, even ignoring biological and biogenic variation. It seems to me that a vessel capable of performing tests over a wider area can't help but provide better data. One of the big downsides of the Mars rovers is that they're restricted to such a small portion of the planet's surface, especially since for the Titan mission this can apparently be achieved on a low budget. I mean, what reason do we have to think that the chemical composition of the ocean and atmosphere don't vary with location? What about things like currents, and winds? Maybe we'll find something that's entirely unexpected!

      Maybe Star Wars was right and planets other than earth are all 'desert' planets or 'ice' planets with uniform conditions all around, but if not, this seems worthwhile!

    6. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by FiloEleven · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There are a number of good reasons for doing this.

      The primary objective of the mission would be to determine the precise chemistry of one of these lakes; but also to do meteorology, to help scientists better understand how the "methane-ologic cycle" on Titan actually works.

      It would give scientists the opportunity to study shared climate processes at work under very different conditions.

      "If we have models that will work on Earth and on Titan then we can be much more confident that those models understand the fundamentals of what's going on," explained the researcher from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.

      "The photogenic appeal and the mystique of exploring a sea on another world speak for themselves, but there is a genuine practical application to do with the science that will help us address problems here on Earth."

      Plus it's already been under study for two years, and it would test a "novel power system," the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator.

      ASRGs would give TiME sufficient energy to support a very capable instrument suite and a direct-to-Earth communications system to get its data home.

      Not to mention that Titan looks like one of the best nearby candidates for life, specifically in its seas and not on its surface. Landing on Titan's shores is apt to be far less interesting than in its seas.

    7. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by Tumbleweed · · Score: 2, Funny

      Just imagine what'll happen when they circumnavigate Titan and figure out it's actually round!

      So is a pizza. That doesn't mean it isn't also flat. Titan could be the same way. They always warn you about falling off the edge - but what if something comes FROM off the edge?! Didn't think of THAT, DID you?!

      That's right...I went there.

    8. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by thrawn_aj · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Other than providing a gimmick to make this different than previous missions, what's the point? Land something in a sea of methane and look for what? Sail around to find more liquid methane?

      You're probably right. Aw hell, scratch the 'probably'. Speaking purely personally though, this is the first time in the past 10 years I've actually felt a stirring in my heart about space exploration. This Titan thing actually brought back some of the magic of space that used to come through so vividly in the science fiction of the 80s (before the post-modernist hacks stank up the place). Huh, let's just say that as a taxpayer, I wouldn't be in the least upset if this mission actually happened. In fact, I'd be out there cheering it on all the way. Go figure :). Guess science is far from unemotional eh?

    9. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by thrawn_aj · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Heh, yeah. First thing I thought of too. This better be a sailboat they're planning to use. Wait, does Titan have strong winds?

    10. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by aldo.gs · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The Apollo Program used to reveal cities back in the day :P

    11. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by John+Hasler · · Score: 3, Interesting

      > Sail around to find more liquid methane?

      Sail around and observe thousands of miles of shoreline. Study the atmosphere and seabottom at widely separated points. This ship will travel farther in a day than a Mars rover can in a month.

      --
      Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    12. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by Nadaka · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Navigating by sea is easy and cheap. By targeting the sea, you may be able to visit and study its entire shoreline. If you landed on the shore instead, you are limited to that area you land in.

    13. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by Sir_Lewk · · Score: 2, Informative

      Wow, you clearly are not a rocket scientist are you? Rockets always carry their own oxidizers. How do you think we landed on the moon, that place doesn't even have an atmosphere.

      --
      "linux is just DOS with a UNIX like syntax" -- Galactic Dominator (944134)
    14. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by mangu · · Score: 2, Informative

      Oxygen leaking out near nozzles or methane/other hydrocarbons leaking IN could be just as bad

      No worse than oxygen leaking in or methane leaking out of a natural gas powered car on earth.

    15. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? by mangu · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Or it could be like a Swiss cheese: round, flat, and hollow at the same time.

  2. Odds of finding alien life? by gmuslera · · Score: 4, Funny

    At least it could find a few sirens.

    1. Re:Odds of finding alien life? by newcastlejon · · Score: 5, Funny

      Europa? But we're not allowed to attempt any landings there!

      --
      If God forks the Universe every time you roll a die, he'd better have a damned good memory.
    2. Re:Odds of finding alien life? by Ash+Vince · · Score: 4, Informative

      Come to think of it, whatever happened to that Europa lander they were planning which was supposed to bore through the ice?

      As soon as you do this you risk contaminating what is underneath so you have to do this incredibly carefully. Last I heard it was on hold until they had figured out how to do it such a way that they did not introduce any contaminants in the process. They are looking to use a lake under the south pole for practice:

      http://www.spacedaily.com/news/mars-driller-02b.html
      http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/earth_sciences/report-11000.html

      --
      I dont read /. to RTFA, I read /. to offend people in ignorance.
    3. Re:Odds of finding alien life? by Foobar+of+Borg · · Score: 4, Funny

      Europa? But we're not allowed to attempt any landings there!

      Well, we still have a few weeks before we're supposed to get the warning.

    4. Re:Odds of finding alien life? by Yvan256 · · Score: 4, Funny

      Don't be silly. There's no sharks in space.

    5. Re:Odds of finding alien life? by apostrophesemicolon · · Score: 2, Informative

      The Europa lander did go up there, landed and took some video for a few second until some kind of mecha broke it. And that's the last we heard from it.

      Care to buy my ancestor's glasses?

  3. Are any non-profits doing anything like this? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I would seriously be interested in donating maybe a hundred dollars toward something like this, and I can't be the only one. Are there any non-profit organizations that fund similar missions?

    1. Re:Are any non-profits doing anything like this? by Darkness404 · · Score: 3, Informative

      The problem is, even the best commercial spacecraft can't even go to the moon, let alone further. The best thing that could be done is donating money to a college or university that develops the technology that is used by NASA or the ESA that would allow them to do it. Any money put into non profits would quickly go to waste, theres just no way you can send something to Titan without governmental assistance.

      --
      Taxation is legalized theft, no more, no less.
    2. Re:Are any non-profits doing anything like this? by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Interesting

      A better place to donate for space projects would be the Planetary Society's solar sail proof-of-concept project.
         

    3. Re:Are any non-profits doing anything like this? by sznupi · · Score: 3, Interesting

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_Space_Exploration_&_Technology_Initiative might be closest to what you want, they are building lunar orbiter, to be launched in 2012 (and they already have some major successes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSETI_Express_Satellite ); though I don't know if there's a way to donate, or if they even need it.

      Or pick one of the teams from Google Lunar X PRIZE; not only you should find some with great chance of success, but also accepting donations.

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
  4. Titan Landing Probes by ranson · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Interestingly enough, the Cassini Orbiter's landing probe, the Huygens, which landed on Titan a few years back, was designed with floatation devices, just in case it hit liquid instead land (ultimately it hit land). An interesting fact about Titan: the high density of the atmosphere, combined with a much lower gravitational force than that of earth results in very soft probe landings. In fact, it is hypothesized that on Titan, a human could strap fake wings on his arms and fly -- now if only we breathed methane and could survive at temperatures colder than -200F...

    1. Re:Titan Landing Probes by MichaelSmith · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I suppose another way would be to build a balloon borne probe, probably using hydrogen for buoyancy. It could compress the hydrogen to land, and release hydrogen to lift.

    2. Re:Titan Landing Probes by deglr6328 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      What's missing from this discussion, and so far as I can see from any proposal site discussions on this mission, is how to get the data back from the probe! If this is going to be a lander without an orbiter, you have a SERIOUS problem of how to get data back to earth. We talked about this very topic 5 years ago here after Huygens landed. People are going to want high-res images, audio and at least some video in addition to all the other basic science data from this mission. That is a HUGE amount of information to get back to earth from a billion miles out, while floating on a lake of CH4 under a thick atmosphere. The Huygens probe had 2 redundant, 8 watt, medium gain (partially directional) on board radio transmitters that sent all the data from the probe through the Cassini orbiter relay system. It took VLBI aperture synthesis, simultaneously using ~20 of some of the largest radio telescopes around the world JUST TO HEAR THE CARRIER SIGNAL of Huygens as it descended on Titan. We couldn't get any actual data directly from Huygens, we couldn't hear modulation of the signal clearly from that far away.

      Huygens had a power budget from its NaS batteries of ~250W, you're not going to do much better than that with a sterling radioisotope generator for this proposed mission. So you have maybe 20W of radio power to use on this mission in order to get all your data back from Titan, you NEED to use a directional (high gain) antenna to do that. How the hell do you accurately and consistently point a high gain antenna directly at earth when rotating and bobbing around wildly while floating over the waves of a Titanian lake?!

      --
      - "Hear that?! The percolations are imminent! Cease your ingress!"
    3. Re:Titan Landing Probes by tftp · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I don't know about the "small influx of energy," that's basically one of objects of research here. The Sun is definitely far away, but Saturn is close, and its gravitational interference should be considerable, so far that Titan is locked in position just as our local Moon is. There are also clouds forming and dissolving, which must influence the weather.

      perhaps the lander will use strong signals transmitted to it from Earth as a beacon?

      Let's say the distance from Earth to Saturn is 10 A.U. (it varies, obviously). That would be 149.60×10^10 meters. The path loss (using the Friis transmission equation) is 300 dB at 30 GHz. Antennas of Deep Space Network give you gain of 80 dB. The antenna on the lander, as a guess, will give you 40 dB at best if it is a fixed parabolic dish. 300 - 80 - 40 = 180 dB (in either direction.) If we transmit from Earth at 1 MW, that would be 90 dBm. Then the signal at the front end of the receiver on Titan will be -90 dBm. This is not a problem in itself, modern receivers can work with even smaller signals. A ham receiver (like K3) will detect a signal at -136 dBm within 500 Hz.

      But there is still a problem. High gain antennas have, by definition, a narrow beam. It's like a telescope. But you can't look through a telescope to find a star! Your field of vision is too small. But if you make the beam wider the signal disappears! So here is the catch 22 - you can receive the signal from Earth only if you already know where it is coming from :-) Phased antenna arrays are kind of convenient for beam-forming on the fly, but they are typically not as good as a simple dish (or else we'd all use only them.)

      There may be a way to do it still. First of all, you may make your receiver so good that it will detect the signal even with antenna configured for a wide beam. You only need a few bits per second at that stage. It helps a lot that you are swimming in the sea of cryogenic liquid, you can cool your front stage somewhat - not as He would allow, but still -160C is better than nothing.

      Alternatively, look for a signal with a wide beam, but that signal won't be coming from Earth. Find a stronger signal - from the Sun, or from some pulsars, or from anywhere else that can be used as a good astronomical marker. That assumes that your communication system covers the right frequency band.

      But all in all, it's too much risk for such a trivial [today] problem. Your mission may easily fail just because the lander can't find Earth - and that happened more than once with other probes, it's not unusual. Especially when you don't have a clue what you are landing into. If I were to plan the mission, I'd splurge on a proper set of one orbiter and one or two landers. It's a good distance to Saturn, many years in transit, so you want to make one mission count. Cost should not be such a concern when you are doing the most complex rocket science that there is.

  5. Picture by MichaelSmith · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Wikipedia has a picture showing the probe floating on Titan.

    One question I can immediately see an answer to is whether the ASRG generates as much power in vacuum as it will on the surface of Titan. My assumption is that having a weaker heat sink will reduce power output but I can't confirm that.

  6. I'm glad they admitted their motivations by RepelHistory · · Score: 2, Insightful

    'It is something that would really capture the imagination,' said Dr Ellen Stofan, from Proxemy Research, who leads the study team. 'The story of human exploration on Earth has been one of navigation and seafaring, and the idea that we could explore for the first time an extraterrestrial sea I think would be mind-blowing for most people,'

    Sometimes the point of science need be be nothing more than to capture our imaginations and/or blow our minds.

  7. Re:Low cost? by wizardforce · · Score: 4, Insightful

    That "boat ride" is about .01% of the federal budget or what we spent on Iraq in less than 10 hours.

    --
    Sigs are too short to say anything truly profound so read the above post instead.
  8. Re:Can't wait to fund this. by Brett+Buck · · Score: 4, Insightful

    This sort of BS analysis has been around forever. What do you think it going to happen with the $400 million? Think we are going to launch it into space? That goes to creating jobs, and the various space programs are *a lot* more effective than the close to $2 *trillion* spent on the other bogus stimulus plans in actual job creation. Even Governor Moonbeam himself has recognized the value of the space program in economic terms.

            Now, if all we were going to do was pay someone to tell us what Titan is like, certainly the information would not be worth it. Pure science has never been and will never be the purpose of NASA. But building things to find out (and this creating movement in the economy and jobs) pays off.

            Brett

           

  9. Re:Can't wait to fund this. by wizardforce · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It never ceases to amaze me what we'll spend money on.

    It's certainly a better use for 400M than bailing out a bunch of banks...

    What exactly is the point of this $400M venture, other than it would be "really cool" to sail the seas of ass gas?

    Furthering human knowledge and exploration of our solar system.

    Oh, wait, I forgot. We have no debts on Earth to worry about right now, financial or otherwise for the human race. Nevermind. It's all good, obviously.

    Sitting here on Earth for perpetuity won't solve our problems. Most of the problems we have here on Earth that are able to be addressed at all are largely the result of a poorly structured economic system in one form or another.

    --
    Sigs are too short to say anything truly profound so read the above post instead.
  10. This is exactly what we should be doing by DesScorp · · Score: 2, Interesting

    This idea is beyond awesome. Sending a "ship" to sail the seas of another world. And the price... $400 million... is uber-cheap in the world of space exploration.

    Unless we can send a man to a near-Earth asteroid, this is the kind of exploration NASA should be doing... not manned attempts at Mars. Not yet.

    --
    Life is hard, and the world is cruel
    1. Re:This is exactly what we should be doing by QuoteMstr · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Not yet.

      What exactly are your prerequisites for a manned mission then?

    2. Re:This is exactly what we should be doing by DesScorp · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Not yet.

      What exactly are your prerequisites for a manned mission then?

      My concerns here about manned exploration are twofold:

      One, unless we're going to build a real, permanent base on the moon, and actually keep men there for extended periods of time, then we shouldn't be going back to the moon right now. It'd be a waste, and nothing more than reliving old glories without breaching new frontiers. And with declining budgets, if we actually did go back to the moon, we wouldn't stay. Again, it would essentialy be doing it just to say that we still could. A waste. So the first argument is about needless waste of funds.

      Two, as far as the other oft-proposed trip... to Mars... we shouldn't do it because of cost, but mostly, because the technology just isn't there. Specifically, we're lacking a way to keep astronauts fed and healthy for the very long trip. Suspended animation is still science fiction at this point, so unless a true breakthrough in space travel speed is found, we currently have no way to send a bunch of men on a months-long journey to another planet and back, at least not in a manner that we can afford.

      The asteroid mission right now is the only place we can actually land a man involving fairly short distances, and with the virtue of it being real exploration, literally where no man has gone before.

      --
      Life is hard, and the world is cruel
  11. Europa or bust -- Titan sucks.. by tetrahedrassface · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Not trying to flame or troll, but these missions keep coming up. Even proposed and not funded like this one to Titan, take away from where we sorely need to explore. Poor Europa languishes! Europa quite possibly has the best odds of actually having something worth the funding of mission; namely life. While I note the Planetary Society has pushed for a Europa mission for what seems like years now, the date of even some weird overly complex multi-national mission in 2020 is suspect.. Why on Earth is a mission to Europa not fast tracked? A craft much like Cassini/Huygens with some radar to actually see under the ice could have been designed, built and launched 10 or 15 years ago. Titan has already had a lander. Cassini is in orbit around Saturn, and while neat and cool, only Enceladus might have life, but the odds of life on Enceladus seem dimmer and more remote. Despite statements that are politically motivated (read: funding) what is the fun factor of going to Titan when we have a fruit before us in Europa that desperately deserves to be explored? I don't know these answers but when you look at the frozen surface of Europa and notice the red striations that appear in cracks in the water ice it sure looks like iron or possibly sulphur, but most likely something along the lines of halobacteria just like this!

    Maybe our agencies don't want to find life yet, as some societal and religious aspects of there being life somewhere else would drive the religious folk crazy, or maybe they don't want to contaminate Europa. Whatever the reason they need to get off of their collective rear ends (asses) and do a mission there before even going back to Mars. I just get tired of the new bright and shiny and unpaid for missions, and some of the more dumb funded one that just go in circles snapping images of useless real estate, when Europa truly deserves, on all levels, a serious series of missions that bring light to what resides under the ice.

    1. Re:Europa or bust -- Titan sucks.. by Trapezium+Artist · · Score: 2, Informative

      Err, that is exactly where the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) currently under study by ESA and NASA is suppose to go, as the name suggests.

      Yes, it's more expensive than TiME and will, in principle, take longer to develop, because it's bigger and more ambitious than TiME, but it's much further along in terms of studying its technical feasibility, and so (IMHO) has a better chance of happening before TiME does. Plus, NASA is not exactly swilling in cash at the moment and if EJSM is chosen for implementation, it'd be a struggle to do TiME as well.

      More details at:
      http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=42291
      http://opfm.jpl.nasa.gov/europajupitersystemmissionejsm/
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Jupiter_System_Mission

      TiME does sound like a very exciting concept, but I too am worried about how they intend to get data back to Earth without an orbiter relay: the numbers don't immediately stack up for an omnidirectional broadcaster from the surface of Titan, as the power available is essentially the same as Huygens had (just much longer-lived) and there's no way we can count on Cassini to be working by then to act as a relay.

  12. Re:Can't wait to fund this. by wizardforce · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I wouldn't mind paying my taxes toward space missions like this; it's all the other frivilous crap like bailouts, corporate welfare, corn subsidies and unnecessary wars that are really disgusting uses of tax dollars.

    --
    Sigs are too short to say anything truly profound so read the above post instead.
  13. Re:Low cost? by c6gunner · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Hrm, let's see ... spend $400 million to explore grand new vistas and expand the sum total of human knowledge ... or spend $400 million on a website. I dunno, that's a tough one ...

  14. Kill the alien life while looking for it? by A+nonymous+Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The story of human exploration on Earth has been one of navigation and seafaring

    The story of human exploration on Earth has also been one of spreading disease and wiping out indigenous populations. Bacteria are known to survive the radiation and vacuum and cold of space quite nicely, thank you. I do not think this is a good way of looking for alien life.

  15. Re:Why titan? by sznupi · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Titan is interesting because, in many ways, it is probably similar to primordial Earth, frozen in time. Even with low temperatures still the most similar place to our planet in the Solar System.

    --
    One that hath name thou can not otter
  16. Re:Sailing the myriad seas? No by asaz989 · · Score: 2, Informative

    Have you ever been in a boat? If the wind only blows one way, you tack against it (if you want to go close to directly opposite wind direction - slow but it does work) or just set your sails right to get propelled whichever way you want to go roughly perpendicular to wind direction. Or you can always run with the wind if you'd actually like to go wherever the wind blows. Really, sailing on the seas of Titan with a constant wind direction would be damned easy. If there are storms, on the other hand... but (someone please correct me if I'm wrong) I don't think we've seen any big ones in our studies of the atmosphere.

  17. Re:don't just sail it, mine it by John+Hasler · · Score: 2, Interesting

    > But if we do run out of oil here, we'll have to get the raw materials to
    > make plastics from somewhere. Titan seems as good a choice for that purpose
    > as any.

    Much cheaper to simply use water, air, and any handy source of carbon.

    --
    Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.