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Key Letter By Descartes Found After 170 Years

Schiphol writes of a long-lost letter by René Descartes to Marin Mersenne that has come to light at Haverford College, in Pennsylvania, where it had lain buried in the archives for more than a century. The discovery could revolutionize our view of one of the 17th-century French philosopher's major works. "[T]housands of treasured documents... vanished from the Institut de France in the mid-1800s, stolen by an Italian mathematician. Among them were 72 letters by René Descartes... Now one of those purloined letters has turned up at a small private college in eastern Pennsylvania... The letter, dated May 27, 1641, concerns the publication of Meditations on First Philosophy, a celebrated work whose use of reason and scientific methods helped to ignite a revolution in thought."

165 comments

  1. I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by thomasdz · · Score: 4, Funny

    Yeah, we don't have that "é " letter in our alphabet, so we must have lost it. However I'm thinking René Descartes may have just stolen it... you know how those French are...

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    Karma: Excellent. 15 moderator points expire sometime.
    1. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by BlueTrin · · Score: 2, Funny

      And this is only one letter, just wait that we find the thousand letters missing, I guess they will not teach anymore alphabet at Kindergarten ...

      Logitech will showcase the new 1105 keys keyboard and legendary threads will pop up in slashdot such as "1105 keys ? Ok, but does it come in DVORAK."

      --
      Don't you know it is now both immoral and criminal to think beyond the next quarterly report?
    2. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by courteaudotbiz · · Score: 3, Funny

      Some "stolen" letters that René Descartes was using and that the English language is not using:

      é è ê ô ù à ë ç î

      We call these caracters "caractère accentués" in French.

    3. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by Opportunist · · Score: 2, Funny

      You may keep them! Can you imagine how many days I spent learning the friggin' difference between e, é and è? And no, "you can hear it" is NOT a suitable explanation for someone who doesn't know how it's pronounced either!

      Friggin' French and their urge to pepper harmless letters with various sorts of crap...

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    4. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      English is worse because you have e, e and e that are pronounced differently, but there is no accent to tell which pronunciation to use.

    5. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by biryokumaru · · Score: 5, Funny

      Oh, that's not a problem. You can hear it.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    6. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by Bonewalker · · Score: 3, Funny

      You guys cn lugh ll you wnt, but I hve letter missing from my keybord, nd it mkes life quite difficult, you insensitive clods!

    7. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by Unordained · · Score: 5, Funny

      é is like the "eh?" in "Let's go see The Phantom Menace, eh?" (canada)
      è is like the "eh." in "The Phantom Menace? Eh. I'm in no mood to ruin my childhood memories."
      ê is like an appropriately-angry version of è.

    8. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      But at least it doesn't matter to me while writing. You needn't know how to pronounce something when you use /.. Imagine /. in French!

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    9. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by sammyF70 · · Score: 1

      slèche-dôte ... easy :P

      --
      "DRM is like the Ford Pinto: it's a smooth ride, right up the point at which it explodes and ruins your day."-C.Doctorow
    10. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by mister_playboy · · Score: 1

      DVORAK

      Dvorak isn't named for a segment of the keyboard layout like QWERTY, but for it's inventor. If you want to name the layout by those same (shifted) key positions, you would call it the "PYF layout

      - a Dvorak user

      --
      Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law ::: Love is the law, love under will
    11. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by Ihmhi · · Score: 2, Funny

      ç

      I've never understood the need for this letter, at least the way it is used in Portuguese. There is a restaurant nearby my home called Café Opçao. It's pronounced "ohp-SAO". It's a bloody S! Why don't you just put a bloody S there?!

    12. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by FishOuttaWater · · Score: 1

      That's ok, we woulda jist mis-pro-nunciated it anyway.

    13. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by eleuthero · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Wonderful historical reasons - the cedilla c is pronounced the same as the "s" today. Look back at two hundred year old grammars and there might be a difference (there would be, at least, in Spanish for the c, the z, and the s).

    14. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      That must be terrible for writing school essays. This way, you'll never get an A!

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    15. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by Ihmhi · · Score: 1

      Sadly, "historical reasons" is the reason so many damn languages are so goddamned difficult to learn.

    16. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by jonaskoelker · · Score: 1

      Re you using the Zerty keybord lyout?

    17. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by quarterbuck · · Score: 1

      It is pronounced differently in Catalan, not sure about Portuguese.
      The Catalan pronunciation of Barcelona sounds more like Barthelona or Barssalona than Barsalona. I think the ç symbol was invented by a man with a lisp.

      --
      http://slashdot.org/submission/1062723/Cheap-mobile-data-plan?art_pos=2
    18. Re:I'm guessing the letter was: "é " by Idiomatick · · Score: 1

      What letter is that?

  2. Meditations on First Philosophy by ByOhTek · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Chapter 1 was great, and ended in the pinnacle of the work "I think therefore I am".

    After that, he couldn't go any farther, so he decided that you couldn't trust the world without the presence of God. At which point, I lost interest.

    Chapter 1: A+
    Chapter >1: D

    --
    Self proclaimed typo king, and inventor of the bear destroying coffee table (patent not pending).
    1. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by jellomizer · · Score: 1, Insightful

      So you are letting your own personal belief structure rate the quality of his work. " I don't believe in God so any argument for the idea must be flawed, I will not bother reading such arguments as my mind is fixed"
      It is just like Christian Right not reading Darwin Theory of Evolution, as they will not allow their minds to be open to an opposing idea.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    2. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by mcgrew · · Score: 1

      I think, therefore I am. I am, therfore (I think...)

    3. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by Issarlk · · Score: 1

      "I think therefore I am" sounds a bit bold an affirmation. It's more like "I think I think, therefore I think I think I think" IMHO.

    4. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by SpeedyDX · · Score: 5, Informative

      Descartes might have been wrong, but that's kind of missing the point. During an era when scepticism was viewed as being inherently blasphemous and absurd, he embraced scepticism as a practical philosophy. Descartes, along with Hume and several others during the early modern period, began to establish moderate scepticism as the basis for a practical philosophy of scientific enquiry.

      There's no doubting that Descartes made many mistakes in Meditations. But from the fact that the work isn't perfect, it doesn't entail that it wasn't a great and influential work that's brought us one step closer to understanding the nature of reason. One step of many, to be sure, but one step nonetheless.

      Also, he didn't say that he can't trust the existence of the world without God. Rather, he gave an ontological argument for God, established His existence, and then, because God exists and He doesn't deceive, Descartes no longer had to justify the existence of the world (without a God). Of course, this is what led to the famed Cartesian circle (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_circle), but your short analysis showed that you didn't really understand the text. As I replied in another thread, Jonathan Bennett is translating early modern works to more modern language, resulting in more clear and accessible works (available: http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/de.html). I highly encourage that you read it over again and try to get more out of it.

      While I'm at it, it seems that a more empirical philosophy would interest you more. Descartes had some influence on Hume's work. Hume's Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding is one of the best treatments of the philosophy of science in the early modern era, and definitely my favourite work out of that era. if you're interested, you should definitely check it out: http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/he.html

    5. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      It's a real pity that so many people don't even know they are not...

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    6. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by digitig · · Score: 2, Informative

      "I think therefore I am" sounds a bit bold an affirmation.

      Descartes was aware of that, and tried to resolve it, although his resolution is probably not satisfactory. I suspect that there isn't a resolution.

      --
      Quidnam Latine loqui modo coepi?
    7. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by biryokumaru · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I believe his concern is that if you start on false premises, your argument is effectively meaningless. You could derive anything.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    8. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by biryokumaru · · Score: 1

      So he shifted his flawed argument from "I exist, therefore I exist" to "God exists, therefore I exist?" That's still completely invalid.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    9. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by BarryJacobsen · · Score: 2, Interesting

      "I think therefore I am" sounds a bit bold an affirmation. It's more like "I think I think, therefore I think I think I think" IMHO.

      It's not really all that bold. According to my philosophy professors (I was a philosophy major), the statement Descartes made actually translates a bit better to "I think, I am". When taken in context (attempting to doubt every possible thing), this statement means that I can be certain that I am thinking (whatever that may mean, it may mean I am creating the sounds that I hear in my head or it may mean that those sounds are being put into me). If I am thinking, then there is something that definitely exists (otherwise there would be no one to have thought) - and further more that something is me. Everything else in the world may be a lie or deception, but with certainty: I exist by the virtue of having thought (though I may not be what I think I am and the world may not be what I think it is).

    10. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by spiffmastercow · · Score: 1

      Actually, it was med #2, and he never actually said "I think, therefore I am" in that work, though it sumarizes his point. He declared it not as a conditional statement, but rather as an axiom.

    11. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think I am ...

    12. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by Critical+Facilities · · Score: 2, Informative

      Sounds familiar.

    13. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by Mikkeles · · Score: 1

      I guess now it's: 'He's dead, therefore he isn't'?

      --
      Great minds think alike; fools seldom differ.
    14. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by ByOhTek · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Actually, I believe in God, I just don't belive in using God as a rationalization for science, as Descartes did in every chapter after 1.

      --
      Self proclaimed typo king, and inventor of the bear destroying coffee table (patent not pending).
    15. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by ByOhTek · · Score: 1

      I was more questioning his methods than saying 'right or wrong', although the 'nothing can create something more perfect/complex/etc.' stuff kindof irked me, because it can be taken way to out of context (it fits through thermodynamics, but people have trouble recognizing open systems).

      --
      Self proclaimed typo king, and inventor of the bear destroying coffee table (patent not pending).
    16. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by SAN1701 · · Score: 1

      Yeah, I felt the same way.

      Reminds me of Einstein. Both of them made huge discoveries that ended up scaring them. Einstein negated quantum mechanics (which his works helped create), and even came with a "cosmological constant" when he saw his equations couldn't contemplate a peaceful, organized space in which he (and the rest of the world) believed at that time. Descartes have made such a gigantic leap in thinking, came to the aforementioned conclusion, that even he got scared with the implications and then came with some half-baked "proof" on the existence of God to find some relief.

      I don't blame them. They were intellectual giants, but men nevertheless. Men that can be afraid of schocking discoveries, even if they came from their own, powerful, minds.

    17. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by MobileTatsu-NJG · · Score: 1

      Wait... wasn't that Popeye? It's so easy to get those two confused.

      --

      "I like to lick butts!" by MobileTatsu-NJG (#32700246) (Score:5, Informative)

    18. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by ENIGMAwastaken · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "I exist, therefore I exist" is not invalid.

      P therefore P is always valid, for any value of P. It's trivial, but anything that's trivially true is valid.

      P always follow from P. The implication that the Cogito is invalid is just an absurdity. What you might mean is that it's a tautology, but tautologies are always true. The Meditations makes several dozen laughable logical blunders, but this isn't one of them.

    19. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by eleuthero · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It is true that if you start with a demonstrably false premise, you could end up anywhere. The problem is that God's existence is not demonstrably false. Having God as a first premise is perfectly reasonable. What might have been helpful is a treatise that used God's existence as a first premise followed by another one that rejected God's existence. This would provide for an intriguing thought exercise and would help many determine their approach (holding to argument one or to argument two). Given the above conversation, it would seem that rather than do argument two, Descartes determined that a discussion of God's non-existence as a first premise was a worthless topic (though many today would seek to work out an argument with that type of first premise).

    20. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by six11 · · Score: 1

      Thanks for the reference to Bennett's site. Those translations will probably help me a lot.

    21. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by ByOhTek · · Score: 1

      Actually, it didn't read as a proof of the existance of God, so much as, in modern scientific jargon "I cannot continue without the existence of God, therefor, for all subsequent steps I shall assume the existence of God."

      --
      Self proclaimed typo king, and inventor of the bear destroying coffee table (patent not pending).
    22. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by radtea · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Couldn't disagree more, except that Descartes was clearly an important transitional figure whose philosophical work, like Hume's, is as relevant to what serious modern philosophy ought to be doing as Newton's alchemical work is to what serious modern chemistry ought to be doing.

      "Having God as a first premise" is trivially incoherent. It leaves unanswered and the questions, "What is God?" and "How do I know anything about God in the first place?" which can obviously only be answered by reference to something else, which in fact is sense-experience, rather that "thought" as Descarte imagined. Since sense-experience is trivially prior to the very notion of God, it is clear that having God as a first premise is incoherent at best and dishonest at worst.

      Descartes big mistake in this regard was to believe that since he could fantasize about a disembodied intelligence that it had some ontological weight. Everyone but philosophers now knows that this method is useless, because we know that it is easy for us to imagine things that are contradictory and impossible. Humans suck at deducitve closure, so it is easy for us to fail to notice the incoherence of our own imaginings. We have only two methods of ensuring such coherence: empirical investigation and mathematical deduction, neither of which philosophers have adopted because they don't care about truth. They continue to treat their imaginings and the limits of their imaginings as being ontological determinative.

      Descartes' mathematical work, which was fundamental to the eventual melding of algebra and geometry that gave us modern mathematics, has had lasting value. His philosophical work was important only for its transitional role. He was a step on the way that's best forgotten today by all but historians.

      Hume is even less coherent than Descarte, with less excuse. His attempts to undertake an empirical analsyis of sense-experience are so far off the mark as to be laughable. Even knowing what was known in his own time about the perception of objects it was obvious he didn't have a clue what he was talking about with his fantasies of pure sensations, which are incredibly hard to produce even in the laboratory. Hume somehow failed to notice that he had never had a pure sensation in his life. That tells you something about the quality of his philosophy. That he ultimatly ends up arguing that his own books should be burned--since they clearly fail to fulfill the criteria for non-burning he sets out--is another clue to just how incoherent he was.

      Hume is to be honoured for waking Kant from his "dogmatical slumber", but not much else.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
    23. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by mhajicek · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Since God can neither be proven nor disproved, any argument based on the assumption of God can be dismissed by the assertion of no God. In order to have an infallible argument one must start on solid first principles, such as "I think therefore I am." It is pretty hard to go forward from there, but I think we can also say "I think therefore there is time.", because without time one could not have the experience of thinking. Also, "I think therefore there is data.", because the thoughts must contain or be represented by data of some kind.

    24. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by holmstar · · Score: 1

      It is rather natural for a human to assume a greater being is guiding the world, since we are wired to look for relationships in the world around us, and tend to find them even when there are none. But if God as a first premise is reasonable, then ANYTHING as a first premise is reasonable... tiny magical gnomes, tooth fairy, flying spaghetti monsters, etc

      however, the real reason that Descartes included God, was that he was living smack dab in the middle of the roman inquisition. Had he made any suggestion that god didn't exist, he could quite reasonably assume that he would be killed or imprisoned as a heretic.

    25. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by holmstar · · Score: 1

      I suspect Descartes fear had more to do with the possibility of ending up on a burning stake... roman inquisition and all that... but I could be wrong.

    26. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by StikyPad · · Score: 1

      the statement Descartes made actually translates a bit better to "I think, I am"

      Not really. It was pretty unambiguous both in the original French (Je pense donc je suis, from Discourse on Method) and when later translated into Latin by Descartes himself (Cogito ergo sum, e.g. in Principles of Philosophy). The former has both a literal translation and, when considered in context, a meaningful translation to the well known phrase "I think, therefore I am." The latter is as close as Latin allows.

      Je = I
      pense = think (present tense)
      donc = so, therefore
      je = I
      suis = am (present tense)

      Cogito = to think
      ergo = therefore
      sum = to be, exist, am

      And ergo is still used verbatim in English as the word which signifies the conclusion of a preceding argument.

      None of which invalidates the remainder of your analysis, with which I concur, but it seemed necessary to clarify, especially in light of the nonsense post above yours.

    27. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by SAN1701 · · Score: 1

      Altough I think the first part of the book is much too, well, "crazy" to be taken as a menace to the church by the censors of the time, I agree, it's possible that he was only self-preserving.

    28. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by quarterbuck · · Score: 1

      I could never understand the "I think therefore I am" part. The best I can get to is "I think therefore my thought is".
      "I think therefore I am" rejects the idea that we could not exist, but our thought could. For example if we lived in a world like Matrix, and we were Mr. Smith, we really did not exist except as our thoughts. Neo turned out to be very different from who he thought he was etc.
      That sort of assumption (I think therefore I am) inevitably leads to the conclusion that there is god/creator.

      --
      http://slashdot.org/submission/1062723/Cheap-mobile-data-plan?art_pos=2
    29. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by biryokumaru · · Score: 1

      But it doesn't prove he exists. It's valid logically but it's invalid as an argument for existence. As you say, it's true for any value of P, he exist or he doesn't. I apologize for misusing the logical term "invalid." I should have been more clear in my meaning.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    30. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by servognome · · Score: 1

      I guess that means:
      "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
      and:
      "No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned,...or in any other way destroyed...except by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land."
      are meaningless becaused the declarations they appear in are based on the unprovable (not necessarily false) idea of God/Creator

      While you may not accept the initial proposition, rather than rejecting the argument altogether, consider it more as a way to place perspective on the problem at hand. The role of "God" is to identify that there is somthing greater than those with power, a secular replacement could be the idea of "natural law," which also is unprovable.
      More important is many of the resulting concepts (equality, habeas corpus, legal accountability of all, self-determination, etc.), have significant social value without regard to the validity of the proposition from where they are derived.

      If A implies B, B can still be true even if A is false.

      --
      D6 63 0D 70 89 81 BB 8E 7B 7C 5F 5D 54 EA AB 73
    31. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by suffe · · Score: 1

      I don't quite agree. Assuming you start a chain of reasoning with a boolean argument, such that one depends on gods existence and the other depends on gods non-existence, valuable things can come from it.

      Locate a place down the two chains where another boolean position exists between the two strains of reasoning. This might be a place where an observable/measurable truth is predicted or where a philosophical truth is stated.

      Either way, you can now look at the world / your worldview, pick the chain of reasoning that fits in that point and trace it back to the initial assumption..

      Not always the best, the easiest or the most correct approach but for sure not even close to useless. In many instances it is in fact very usefull. You might benefit from it if you try it.

      --

      Karma: 2.71828182846 (Mostly due to small, fun pills)
    32. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by biryokumaru · · Score: 1

      If A implies B, B can still be true even if A is false.

      Yes, but it doesn't actually prove anything. B is still just as unknown as before.

      In theory, you could analysis the probability of every situation that might cause B to be true, and combine them to provide a statistical estimate for the validity of assuming B to be true, given the likelihood of your unknowns. That's probably the best way to go about it.

      Or you could do a kind of risk analysis and say that even if there's only a 1% chance that the universe is real, and a 99% chance that it's not, then going with the 1% shot gives you a 99% chance of losing nothing. Going with the nothing gives you a 1% chance of losing everything. Assuming the world doesn't exist only has risk, and assuming it does only has gain.

      But you can't just say "A big, happy white guy with a beard up in the sky says that everything in hunky dory, so I'm gonna go with it!" That's just ridiculous, even if B is true for some other, unknown reason.

      Likewise, for your second quote:

      No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned,...or in any other way destroyed...except by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land.

      If you look at the analysis of correction versus punishment as an effective means of reducing unethical or criminal behavior, it becomes clear that arbitrary penalty of any kind is counter to the benefit of society. If you establish the benefit of society as an arbitrary goal (or use a similar, reasonable analysis to determine it a worthwhile goal), then that same conclusion is found without resorting to meaningless assumptions.

      As for "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness," well, each require its own analysis with respect to your stated goal of benefiting society (or whatever particular goal is ultimately determined best). Just saying "it should be obvious" is, again, not reasonable. It sounds good, which is more effective for instigating social change, but is a poor decision making system.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    33. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by servognome · · Score: 1

      Or you could do a kind of risk analysis and say that even if there's only a 1% chance that the universe is real, and a 99% chance that it's not, then going with the 1% shot gives you a 99% chance of losing nothing. Going with the nothing gives you a 1% chance of losing everything. Assuming the world doesn't exist only has risk, and assuming it does only has gain.

      You're accepting a 99% chance of following something that is false for the sake of hedging risk. You just showed why religion exists. Believe in the cloud guy and his water walking kid and you have an infintesimal chance for immortality versus following what is more probably true and give up that opportunity. Either way you'll probably end up as worm food.

      But you can't just say "A big, happy white guy with a beard up in the sky says that everything in hunky dory, so I'm gonna go with it!" That's just ridiculous, even if B is true for some other, unknown reason.

      Again, it's not what proposition you start with, but the utility of what gets derived. For example the Ideal Gas Law is based on assumptions which are known to be false, however, making those assumptions allows you to create a useful model. It doesn't matter if you start with bearded guy, earth mother, social contract, or whatever; the cross cultural acceptance of many human rights shows the utility of the implications regardless of how they originally came about.

      If you establish the benefit of society as an arbitrary goal (or use a similar, reasonable analysis to determine it a worthwhile goal), then that same conclusion is found without resorting to meaningless assumptions.

      You need to start with defining "benefit of society," which will lead you to unprovable propositions. If the purpose is to make everybody happy, you might end up with different conclusions than ensuring everybody is secure from harm.

      --
      D6 63 0D 70 89 81 BB 8E 7B 7C 5F 5D 54 EA AB 73
    34. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by PAStheLoD · · Score: 1

      How can you reach the conclusion that there is a creator from the proposition "I think therefore I am"? I'm genuinely curious.

    35. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by PAStheLoD · · Score: 1

      Then why conduct nonsense science? If he valued his life more than integrity, fine. But he could've had both, by simply not touching touchy subjects.

    36. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by mhajicek · · Score: 1

      For example if we lived in a world like Matrix, and we were Mr. Smith, we really did not exist except as our thoughts.

      You inadvertently answer your own question. Even if you only exist as your thoughts, you exist. Mr. Smith exists in my mind as a mental construct describing a fictional character described as a computer program which simulates a human being. If I imagine him thinking "I think therefore I am", his statement is no less valid than my own. The observation "I think therefore I am" makes no assertion as to the form of existence, merely the fact of existence. We could exist as computer simulations, or as someone's imagination, or as a static record of consecutive states of particles, or any of a huge number of other possibilities.

      That sort of assumption (I think therefore I am) inevitably leads to the conclusion that there is god/creator.

      I disagree with your assessment. I don't see how one leads to the other. I can see that one might argue "How could you come into being if there were no God?", but it's a logical fallacy to claim that a lack of a proven alternate theory or a disproof of God, would be a proof of God.

    37. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by quarterbuck · · Score: 1

      Well, if you existed and you were not god, it seems extremely likely that something other than you also existed since that must have caused you to exist. The only assumption is that everything must have a cause. Now I can call that thing the creator. Now if there is no "cause" and I still exist, and I at least create my thoughts, I must be god. If there is no "cause" and the only thing that exists is my thought, then I can't say there is a god.

      --
      http://slashdot.org/submission/1062723/Cheap-mobile-data-plan?art_pos=2
    38. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by quarterbuck · · Score: 1

      I sort of think that Mr. Smith does not exist,but what exists is the computer. Similarly, Neo does not exist, but his body wired to the computer exists.
      This is mainly an issue of definition. The real problem is if there is an infinite levels of Matrices, a computer simulating another, simulating another etc. etc. I like to think that the "thought" existing as not existence of a person.
      I explained the creator idea in the answer to the previous question.

      --
      http://slashdot.org/submission/1062723/Cheap-mobile-data-plan?art_pos=2
    39. Re:Meditations on First Philosophy by PAStheLoD · · Score: 1

      Interesting, thanks.

  3. Rene Descartes by sxltrex · · Score: 5, Funny

    Rene Descartes walks into a bar. The bartender asks "can I get you a beer?" Descartes replies "I think not!" and he disappears.

    Thanks, I'm here all week!

    1. Re:Rene Descartes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I hope I'm not the only one who got that....

    2. Re:Rene Descartes by biryokumaru · · Score: 3, Funny

      Meh, it's getting a bit stale. Besides, it wasn't really that funny when Decartes told it in 1630.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    3. Re:Rene Descartes by sconeu · · Score: 2, Funny

      [MONTY-PYTHON song="Philosophers Song"]
      Rene Descartes was a drunken fart, "I drink therefore I am!"
      [/MONTY-PYTHON]

      --
      General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
  4. It said that Descartes liked turtles. by Alex+Belits · · Score: 1
    --
    Contrary to the popular belief, there indeed is no God.
    1. Re:It said that Descartes liked turtles. by mcgrew · · Score: 4, Funny

      It's turtles all the way down, young man.

    2. Re:It said that Descartes liked turtles. by LuxMaker · · Score: 1

      Congress is trying to fence off those turtles. How would Descartes feel about this?

      --
      I regret that I only have one mod point to give per post.
  5. I'm confused by Jonny_eh · · Score: 0

    Scholars have known of the letter’s existence for more than 300 years, but not its contents. Apparently the only person who had really studied it was a Haverford undergraduate who spent a semester writing a paper about the letter in 1979. (Mr. Bos called the paper “a truly fine piece of work.”)

    So did they know it existed or not? Is the news just that the letter is being returned to France? Big deal.

    1. Re:I'm confused by Dachannien · · Score: 2, Funny

      Well, the letter itself is incapable of thought, so logic fails when trying to determine whether or not the letter exists.

    2. Re:I'm confused by biryokumaru · · Score: 1

      Clearly, you are unfamiliar with the Cartesian Circle. It effectively argues that God exists, therefore letters exist.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    3. Re:I'm confused by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That still doesn't prove that this particular letter exists.

    4. Re:I'm confused by DrgnDancer · · Score: 1

      Like a lot of historical sources, they knew there was a letter, but had no idea what it contained. This is no uncommon in history and literature. Maybe they had another letter where Descartes said, "You remember in that last letter, where I told you to make some changes to the manuscript? Could you also change all the 'e's with funky little squiggles on top to 'e's with triangles on top? Thanks, Rene". Maybe they had an old catalog entry from the before the theft where a "Descartes letter describing manuscript changes to Meditations on First Philosophy" is mentioned. Maybe they still have the response to the letter, but not this letter. There are any number of ways that historians can remain aware that a source exists, or existed previously, without having it or knowing any pertinent details of it.

      --
      I don't need a million points of light, just two points of multi-mode fiber and a 10 Gig-E router.
  6. So by Jurily · · Score: 1

    can we have the text please? (Preferably in a human language)

    1. Re:So by Culture20 · · Score: 5, Funny

      can we have the text please? (Preferably in a human language)

      Sorry, it's written in French.

    2. Re:So by SpeedyDX · · Score: 1, Redundant

      Which text? Text of the letter? TFA says that "the letter would be published in a collection later this year."

      As for the Meditations, Dr. Jonathan Bennett does a wonderful job of translating early modern works into modern English so that they're more clear and accessible. Here are the Meditations: http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/de.html

    3. Re:So by abigor · · Score: 2, Funny

      He just waited until their backs were turned.

    4. Re:So by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      Sure, here you go.

      Hey man. You know that whole Meditations thing? Sorry about that. I was totally high when I wrote it. "I think, therefore I am," sounds really deep when you've got orange frogs singing Pink Floyd to you. If you get a chance can you help me retract this thing? I don't want to look like an idiot.

      P.S. Do you know what a Pink Floyd is?

    5. Re:So by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      He declared war on them, they rubberstamped "we surrender" beneath... Ya know how this works.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    6. Re:So by DriedClexler · · Score: 4, Funny

      I think it's the variant on the old joke.

      "For 30 years, the guard at the French Public Library for the evening shift noticed Gugli walking out with a book tucked under his arm. He always make sure to talk to Gugli, as Gugli would look very suspicious, as if he'd done something wrong. The guard always figured there wasn't something quite right about Gugli. So he'd search him, but always find nothing.

      "After retiring, the guard wanted this mystery solved, so one day he followed Gugli home. He asked, 'Okay, I know you've been making some kind of mischief all these years, but I've never been able to figure out what. What have you been stealing?'

      "Gugli responded, 'Books!'"

      --
      Information theory is life. The rest is just the KL divergence.
    7. Re:So by haruchai · · Score: 1

      Yeah, keep bashing the French because you know, they never overthrew a corrupt goverment that was actually
      located on the same side of the world as the freedom fighters.
      Oh and they never had to fight against an occupation either.

      So, when will the US be giving back the Statue of Liberty?

      --
      Pain is merely failure leaving the body
    8. Re:So by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      I'd prefer bashing the Italians, but, let's be honest, right now, when you look at their politics and politicians, there ain't so much difference, and we're currently aiming at France, so...

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    9. Re:So by geekoid · · Score: 1

      Hos did you manage to type such a redundant sentence? How did you manage to get through school without learning about the question mark?

      So many questions.

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    10. Re:So by geekoid · · Score: 1

      Lousy gibberish!

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    11. Re:So by ImprovOmega · · Score: 1

      So, when will the US be giving back the Statue of Liberty?

      As soon as you go back under the subjugation of Germany.

    12. Re:So by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      OK, I know this is bad but.... Assuming no days off and one book a night, he only made off with just under 11000 books. Now if you said 90 years.... =p

    13. Re:So by ari_j · · Score: 1

      Dear Mssr. Mersenne:

      I have just written the funniest book. My only fear is that some readers may fail to understand the subtle humor in it, and take it seriously. The far-reaching implications for our sacred field of study could be disastrous.

      Sincerely,

      /s/ Renee

    14. Re:So by haruchai · · Score: 1

      Hmph, well thanks for hanging back for 2 1/2 years while pretty much the rest of the entire fucking world was bleeding.

      Of course, Germany helped kick their own asses by deciding to invade Russia just a few months before the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor.

      --
      Pain is merely failure leaving the body
    15. Re:So by holmstar · · Score: 1

      The statue of liberty was a gift, and we'll keep it thank you.

  7. heresy by rarel · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Interestingly this comes just a few days after I read an article supporting the theory that Descartes was actually assassinated for his controversial views and his influence on Queen Christina of Sweden, by his own priest to boot.

    (in french)

    1. Re:heresy by rarel · · Score: 2, Informative
    2. Re:heresy by Locke2005 · · Score: 1

      Wow, he got assassinated in French?!? That's much worse than getting assassinated in English! Oh wait, the _article_ was in French? Never mind!

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    3. Re:heresy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He has a reputation of being a girlie man in Sweden (all he ever did in Sweden was complaining over the cold and that he had to get up "early" in the morning to give the Queen Regnant lessons). If it could be proved that he died by poisoning, then he would perhaps get a better legacy.

    4. Re:heresy by drjoe1e6 · · Score: 1

      Interestingly this comes just a few days after I read an article supporting the theory that Descartes was actually assassinated for his controversial views and his influence on Queen Christina of Sweden, by his own priest to boot.

      Yes, it was very sad. The assassins sent some wild stallions to trample him. I guess that's why you should never put Decartes before the horse.

      --
      Lose = not win ...... Loose = not tight
  8. Could revolutionize? by gmuslera · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Too used to the digital age to think right about it. How something know and being somewhat available for 200 years before they were stolen could revolutionize something now because were recovered? I suppose that now that letters will be available both as scanned images, pdfs, plain text and even google books, but still, if when they were available (and if not well full copies, but at least references could have been made of the critical points) couldn't make a revolution, should have little chance by now.

    1. Re:Could revolutionize? by rpetre · · Score: 1

      Come on, at least try to read the whole phrase before moaning. It says it would revolutionize our views on Meditations on First Philosophy. It's not the digital age, it's the Twitter age :-(

    2. Re:Could revolutionize? by gmuslera · · Score: 2, Interesting

      My point is that if well in digital age i would think normal than copies of it being everywhere, in 1700 still someone could have made copies or somehow made public the critical points, if had something that could revolutionize their views. If they were buried in a private collection where noone could see them and tell that had something revolutionary, then that had being stolen would had made no difference.

  9. DRM violations! by wisebabo · · Score: 1

    Sorry, couldn't resist. Actually I guess it should be ARM with the "A" being analog (remember that?).

    1. Re:DRM violations! by mcgrew · · Score: 1

      Actually I guess it should be ARM with the "A" being analog (remember that?).

      Well, in reality everything you experience is analog. Even the digital music must be converted to analog before you can hear it.

    2. Re:DRM violations! by biryokumaru · · Score: 1

      Even the digital music must be converted to analog before you can hear it.

      Psh. I listen to all my music as a series of logic pulses directly output from the MP3, and decode it in my head.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    3. Re:DRM violations! by mcgrew · · Score: 2, Funny

      Marvin? Is that you?

    4. Re:DRM violations! by biryokumaru · · Score: 1

      A brain the size of a planet and I can't even manage to be anonymous on the internet.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
  10. How about horses? by naz404 · · Score: 5, Funny

    There was this magnificent mathematical horse. You could teach it arithmetic, which it learned with no difficulty, algebra was a breeze, it could even prove theorems in euclidean geometry, but when you tried to teach it analytic geometry, it would rear back on its hind legs, kick ferociously neigh loudly and make violent head motions in resistance.

    The moral of this story is that you can't put Descartes before de horse.

    *ducks*

    1. Re:How about horses? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Isaac Asimov? Are you haunting the Internet from beyond the grave?

  11. Haverford? by BenEnglishAtHome · · Score: 1

    The letter was found at Haverford. Just out of curiosity, what's that school like? Any grads or current students out there who would like to share?

    1. Re:Haverford? by buttersnout · · Score: 5, Informative

      I graduated from Haverford in 2005. It's a fairly prestigious small liberal arts college outside of Philadelphia (it was ranked 4th when I got in in 2001 but much of its endowment in 9/11 and is now ranked 8th by us news). It's a very liberal college with a quaker history though I believe it no longer has an official religious affiliation. The college is strong in the sciences which is the reason I went there. My faculty advisor, Gerry Gollub, for example, is recognized as a leader in the field of fluid dynamics. It takes pride in its campus and arboretum and I've heard many people with no affiliation with the college say it has the most beautiful campus in the US. Most students take about a quarter of their courses at Bryn Mawr college which is a similar but all girls college. Most events are shared between the colleges and there's considered to be little difference between a Haverford student and a Bryn Mawr student in terms of what they have permission to do. There is also a lesser relationship with Swarthmore college and the University of Pennsylvania. The college also is very proud of its honor code. Students, for example, may take tests home and are trusted not to open their text books while taking them. I would guess the college's pride in their honesty and trustworthiness was a major motivation in their decision to return the letter.

    2. Re:Haverford? by BenEnglishAtHome · · Score: 1

      Thanks. I had my heart set on going to Haverford when I graduated high school in 1978. I couldn't get in and wound up going to Rice in Houston. That's not a bad second choice but I've always wondered what I missed at Haverford.

    3. Re:Haverford? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      I'm currently a junior at Haverford College, majoring in Computer Science with possible minors in Physics and/or Astronomy (depending on how the rest of my time here works out).

      It's definitely a small school -- 1200 kids or so -- but I've found this to be quite beneficial. I'll frequently walk in on CS department meetings (unknowingly; it's just the three professors meeting in an office) and they'll ask for input on what classes they should offer in the next few semesters. I couldn't imagine this individual attention existing at a larger institution.

      Haverford's Quaker roots also lend it a sense of strong community and positive social involvement. It is not officially affiliated with the Quakers any longer, but certain traditions still exist: consensus on any group decision, moments of silence before serious discussion, etc. My older brother, a graduate from another Northeastern Liberal Arts College, most notably was surprised at "how nice everyone at your school is."

      All in all, a wonderful place. Very happy I go there, and sad to be leaving it soon.

    4. Re:Haverford? by OrugTor · · Score: 1

      Thanks for the info, the honor code explains the offer to return the letter, which I perceive to be the most interesting part of the story.

    5. Re:Haverford? by Provocateur · · Score: 1

      But 170 years? Were 169 of them spent going, "You bring it!?""Why me? I didn't find it! You return it!"

      --
      WARNING: Smartphones have side effects--most of them undocumented.
    6. Re:Haverford? by goosesensor · · Score: 1

      "the most beautiful campus in the US"? You haven't seen UC Santa Cruz, have you? Win.

  12. So by OrangeMonkey11 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    How did Guglielmo Libri the Italian mathematician got away with stealing 30,000 books and manuscript from France and got away with it. How did the official at the French Public Library not notice that one of their employee had made off with 30,000 items that does not belong to him.

  13. ...And René Descartes by the+darn · · Score: 0, Redundant

    was a drunken fart, "I drink therefore I am!"

    --
    Ceci n'est pas un post.
    1. Re:...And René Descartes by hitmark · · Score: 2, Funny

      cheers bruce!

      --
      comment first, facts later. http://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/RelativityofWrong.htm
    2. Re:...And René Descartes by geekoid · · Score: 0, Redundant

      Cheers Bruce!

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  14. Lot about the letter, not about the content. by SharpFang · · Score: 1

    Goddamnit, it's not like the letter is written in some prehistoric code that will take months to decrypt. 90% of the article is about fates of the paper, less than two short paragraphs on what is written on the paper.

    --
    45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
  15. Ugh by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If only it was something useful like some math work or something we don't know. But no, it's the precursor to something that already happened. Whoopy-fucking-do.

  16. out of body experience by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I think there, ... fore I am!

  17. Barnes & Noble cancels all weekend passes by paiute · · Score: 1

    Somewhere in the literary continuum, Dan Brown was roused from his fitful sleep and his dreams of multicolored zebra-striped kittens by a frantic phone call from his agent.

    --
    If Slashdot were chemistry it would look like this:Cadaverine
  18. Dear Marin by goffster · · Score: 4, Funny

    I still can't get laid at the local bars, maybe I should stop talking about Math.
    Perhaps astrology might work better. Do you have any good charts?

    Thanx,
    Rene

    1. Re:Dear Marin by oracleofbargth · · Score: 3, Funny

      I laugh, therefore I snort coffee out my nose.

  19. You got to be kidding! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    > Can you imagine how many days I spent learning the friggin' difference between e, é and è?

    Less days than I spent learning the friggin' difference between "taught" and "laughter".

    Not to mention latter, ladder and leather.

    My only consolation is that US people also can't write English, just like me.

    1. Re:You got to be kidding! by eleuthero · · Score: 3, Funny

      I do enjoy a good ghoti for lunch.

    2. Re:You got to be kidding! by thomasdz · · Score: 1

      yeah, if I hadn't already posted previously, I'd give you mod points... I learned the "ghoti = fish" thing back in elementary school back in the 1970s
      I enjoyed it and made me appreciate how silly and arbitrary the English language has evolved into.

      --
      Karma: Excellent. 15 moderator points expire sometime.
    3. Re:You got to be kidding! by Chosen+Reject · · Score: 3, Informative
      --
      Stop Global Warming!
      Just say no to irreversible processes!
  20. My claim to fame... by G3ckoG33k · · Score: 1

    My son was baptized in the same church Descartes (aka Cartesius) was buried. :)

    1. Re:My claim to fame... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      O rly? My body contains water molecule from the cum of Jesus. Top that.

  21. Finally! by Kingrames · · Score: 1

    Finally, someone thought, and therefore, it was.

    --
    If you can read this, I forgot to post anonymously.
  22. Oops by mister_playboy · · Score: 1

    /. eats the "less than" and "greater than" characters, so I guess you'd have to call it ',.PYF

    --
    Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law ::: Love is the law, love under will
  23. Upload please! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Can someone please ensure that high resolution scans are taken and uploaded to wikipedia? after +350 years i doubt they're still copyrighted. if no one comes up for the costs of digitizing them I'll open a paypal (or whatever) account to raise money for it.

    1. Re:Upload please! by eleuthero · · Score: 1

      Oh but you would be surprised at what museums can copyright - ever tried to take a flash free picture in a museum in Italy? remember Mexico suing Starbucks? What is more, the owner will likely due a high res scan, copyright that and then lock the original up forever.

  24. meh, philosophy is dead by geekoid · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Historically is was a place for science and mathmatics. Since those disciplines now have there own fields, what the hell good is philosphy?

    Before someone responds with the boring and done arguments, my initial goal in college was to become a philosophy professor. It was then I realized it ahs nothing new to offer the world. Even the most basic philosophy question have been answered.

    Which came first, chicken or the egg? Evolution has taught is it was the egg.

    If yopu walk towards something, but only half the remaining difference, will you ever get there: Quantum mechanics has shown us that, yes, we would get there because there is a smallest distance that can be moved.

    These may be interesting papers because they come from a time when philosophy was critical to develop logical, rational, and skeptical questions.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    1. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by DragonWriter · · Score: 2, Informative

      Before someone responds with the boring and done arguments, my initial goal in college was to become a philosophy professor. It was then I realized it ahs nothing new to offer the world. Even the most basic philosophy question have been answered.

      No, they haven't.

      Which came first, chicken or the egg? Evolution has taught is it was the egg.

      That's not really a "basic philosophy question".

      If yopu walk towards something, but only half the remaining difference, will you ever get there: Quantum mechanics has shown us that, yes, we would get there because there is a smallest distance that can be moved.

      That's also not a basic philosophy question (and what the result you refer to would tell us is not "yes, if you do that, you will get there", it is "you can't do that"; if there is a quantum distance and you can't move a smaller amount, then you can't halve any distance that is equal to or smaller than that quantum distance -- in fact, you can't have any distance that isn't an even-number multiple of the quantum distance.)

      Actual basic philosophical questions are usually not simple fact questions (though sometimes these are posed as illustrations of philosophical issues), but things like "what does it mean to say 'I know X'". (Actually, that's not just a basic philosophical question, its an entire subfield of philosophy known as epistemology.)

      And basic philosophical questions mostly aren't questions that can be definitively "answered", because they aren't fact questions; they are questions to which answers can be proposed and the logical implications explored.

    2. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Zedrick · · Score: 3, Insightful

      "Which came first, chicken or the egg? Evolution has taught is it was the egg."

      Eh, what? No. An almost-chicken lays an egg with a mutated embryo (the 100%-chicken). The egg is still an almost-chickenegg, and the first chicken egg is later laid by the chicken.

    3. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by ENIGMAwastaken · · Score: 2, Interesting

      > Historically is was a place for science and mathmatics. Since those disciplines now have there own fields, what the hell good is philosphy?

      What good are science and mathematics? Well, some of it has practical application. But the main reason people study those things is that they find them interesting. People don't become scientists or mathematicians for "the good" of anything, they just do it because it's interesting. It just happens to have useful side effects down the line. So it is with philosophy which, as you mention, produced those fields. So by the transitive property, philosophy is useful insofar is it allowed the production of fields like science and math. Not to mention that the fundamentals of both science and math are still philosophical issues. Science is nothing without interpretation, and interpretation of scientific results is just metaphysics.

      >Before someone responds with the boring and done arguments, my initial goal in college was to become a philosophy professor. It was then I realized it ahs nothing new to offer the world. Even the most basic philosophy question have been answered.

      That might have been your goal, but from your post I'm not sure it was ever a serious option for you. It would be like me saying the reason I'm not a professional soccer player is that "I realized it has nothing to offer the world" rather than the actual reason, which is that I wasn't good at it. I suspect similar is the case here.

      >Which came first, chicken or the egg? Evolution has taught is it was the egg.

      Actually, if evolution has taught us anything this question, it's that was the chicken. But since this is your idea of a 'philosophical question' your failure to ascend to a post in academic philosophy is, as I mentioned, unsurprising. This may shock you, but it's quite hard to become a philosopher. Getting into Harvard law school is a joke compared to getting into a top philosophy grad school in terms of intellectual talent required.

      >If yopu walk towards something, but only half the remaining difference, will you ever get there: Quantum mechanics has shown us that, yes, we would get there because there is a smallest distance that can be moved.

      Your idea of serious philosophical problems are "which came first, the chicken or the egg" and the sophistical paradoxes of Zeno, which were refuted as soon as he produced them?

      >These may be interesting papers because they come from a time when philosophy was critical to develop logical, rational, and skeptical questions.

      Like I said, the fact that your idea of philosophy is Zeno's paradox and the chicken and egg shows that your understanding of philosophy is quite limited. Contemporary philosophy is, in some respects, quite difficult to differentiate from science. Philosophy of Mind is fully engaged with neuroscience, biology, cognitive science, etc. Even a cursory glance at some of the issues contemporary philosophers work on would show you that this is the case.

    4. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Depends on whether you define typeof(egg) by the contents of the egg or the creator of the egg. Seems to me that by-contents makes more sense, so the almost-chicken lays a chicken egg.

      OTH the argument can be made the other way around: even an emptied chicken (or ostrich, penguin, what have you) egg is still considered a chicken (ostrich, penguin, etc) egg, not a null egg.

    5. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by fullymodo · · Score: 1

      Doesn't an egg that contains a 100%-chicken count as the definition of a chicken egg?
      Does the "chicken-ness" of the egg derive from the egg-layer or from the embryo within?

      (Oh, and 'meh' is a philosophy unto itself.)

      --
      In the land of the blind, the one eyed man still has no depth perception.
    6. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by FooRat · · Score: 1

      Was that a lousy attempt a humor or a lousy attempt at a troll? I can't quite tell, but you certainly aren't making any serious points about philosophy; every one of your points is absurdly bizarre.

    7. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Monkey-Man2000 · · Score: 1

      "Which came first, chicken or the egg? Evolution has taught is it was the egg." Eh, what? No. An almost-chicken lays an egg with a mutated embryo (the 100%-chicken). The egg is still an almost-chickenegg, and the first chicken egg is later laid by the chicken.

      I think the grandparent was referring to dinosaur eggs, etc. Also, presumably, your "almost-chicken" laid unmutated (almost-chicken) eggs.

      --
      This post was generated by a Cadre of Uber Monkeys for Monkey-Man2000 (603495).
    8. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm pretty sure that the almost-chicken also came out of an egg (although not a chicken egg) and thus the egg came before any chicken.

    9. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Monkey-Man2000 · · Score: 1

      Sorry for replying to myself, but I should have pointed out that if the the saying is taken to mean "which came first, the chicken or the chicken egg?", then the original parent I was responding to is correct with "chicken". Otherwise, as I think the question is more conventionally asked, the answer is egg.

      --
      This post was generated by a Cadre of Uber Monkeys for Monkey-Man2000 (603495).
    10. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by ari_j · · Score: 1

      It's really a question of what you mean by the "egg." Is the egg the growing embryo inside the eggshell, or is it the shell itself? All philosophical arguments devolve to semantics, after all. ;)

    11. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course, 64K disciplines ought to be enough for anybody.

    12. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Who said he was talking about a chicken egg? Any egg will do. Therefore egg was first.

    13. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Merc248 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Though mathematics is useful as a technology in the sciences, its ontological basis is questionable (and therefore, its link to the sciences might be specious at best.) Note, I'm not questioning the entire enterprise of science as a whole, but I'm simply bringing up the fact that there are real problems with mathematics and science that still require philosophical inquiry.

      Read:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formalism_(mathematics)
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_realism#Mathematical_realism
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(mathematics)

      --
      "Hegelians, who love a synthesis, will probably conclude that he wears a wig." - Bertrand Russell
    14. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Kismet · · Score: 1

      Historically is was a place for science and mathmatics. Since those disciplines now have there own fields, what the hell good is philosphy?

      Well, philosophy is about discovering the nature of being and the nature of knowledge. What is reality? How reliable is a given predicate or assertion? How can we say that something is "true" or "false"? For any given axiom, must it obey its own rule (suggesting an even more fundamental axiom), or will it exclude itself (hence a contradiction...)? Is there a fundamental and universal truth?

      Philosophy is incredibly useful. It allowed the scientific method to be based on empiricism and mathematics to remain in abstractions. It brought much order and reason to theology and government. Philosophy contemplates things like Rights, which are foreign to math and science. Philosophy considers how diverse and seemingly unrelated phenomena can interact to produce unities. With philosophy, we can begin to explore how the mind senses meaning and significance in things. Philosophy influences disciplines as modern as computer programming, where logic and good ontological representations are important in crafting useful software.

      Always (it seems to me) there will be arrogant people who suppose that the universal truth has been found. They will point to some shaky and tenuous axiom as evidence for their superior enlightenment. In past eras, we expected such people to emerge from the various religious facets of society. Primitive society hadn't developed any other source of knowledge.

      Today's True Believers come increasingly from the secular religion of Scientism in which certain scientific discoveries are subconsciously combined with other invisible values in order to "answer" the hard questions and thus create a system of ethics, morality, etc. What these True Believers don't see (and therefore rarely examine) is their own way of assigning meaning and value to the things they claim are significant and real. They often call themselves "skeptics," yet they stop examining their own beliefs.

      There are tell-tale signs of these deluded souls: They say things like "the most basic philosophical questions have been answered," or they constantly need to cite studies (that they didn't conduct), or they have a list of "red flags" indicating when something should be doubted, or they profess allegiance to one system of epistemology (evidentialists, typically) even though they usually don't know what epistemology is, or they have a tendency to scoff and ridicule, or they like to rattle on about the primacy of critical thinking... They are dogmatists, just like those they despise; and they go about shaping the world in their own image.

      I digressed into a bit of a rant there, but I mean to say with all of this that philosophy is as important today as it ever was. We haven't answered any of the hard questions yet, but we have found some good heuristics along the way.

    15. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The question does not specify a chicken's egg. Just an egg.

      Which renders the question rather banal.

      But for what it's worth:

      A chicken is lying in bed, with tousled feathers. Next to her, an egg lights up a cigarette, takes a puff, and says, "Well, I think we've finally answered that!"

    16. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Which came first, chicken or the egg?"

      Trick question!

      The correct answer is: The rooster

    17. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Merc248 · · Score: 1

      I've noticed a lot of this myself.

      Many times, I've noticed that many of these people are usually saying that whatever scientific discovery is "fact" and cannot ever be disputed. But I think what many of them don't realize is that science is not in the business of proving things like in mathematics; we can only really find evidence to the contrary, or somehow elevate a theory with corroborating evidence.

      (somewhat of a side note: this is why I'm a "staunch" agnostic and not an atheist or a believer of some god. I can only thank Kant for that. :p)

      --
      "Hegelians, who love a synthesis, will probably conclude that he wears a wig." - Bertrand Russell
    18. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Fizzl · · Score: 1

      And you failed to post anything substantial, which proves the GP's point and invalidates your post.

    19. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Hurricane78 · · Score: 1

      The egg is PART of the newly mutated embryo, and hence also mutated, and so already a 100%-chicken egg.
      Did you sleep in biology class? ;)

      --
      Any sufficiently advanced intelligence is indistinguishable from stupidity.
    20. Re:meh, philosophy is dead by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are assuming the egg and chicken are closely related when that doesn't have to be the case. Dinosaurs came before chickens, and they were hatched from eggs. The "egg" was around long before chickens.

  25. Correction by geekoid · · Score: 2, Funny

    Meh, it's getting a bit stale. Besides, it wasn't really that funny when Decartes thought he told it in 1630.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  26. The birth of Optimus Prime by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Hey Mersenne... I heard things are positive when there is one less than what we can accomplish as two minds... so I'm going solo"

  27. dual wield by Quiet_Desperation · · Score: 1

    The letter was blank, though, because the writing was an independent phenomena and it went off on its own.

  28. Buddhists and "I" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Chapter 1 was great, and ended in the pinnacle of the work "I think therefore I am".

    Well, AFAIK, the Buddhists reject the notion of self. So for them, even the above is incorrect.

  29. Dear Rene by goffster · · Score: 1

    Astrology works OK, but I have found that music is the best way to snag a babe. Go grab yourself a Spanish guitar and you can't go wrong.

    Yours always,
    Marin

  30. Lost or "lost"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    A big-name chief librarian friend of mine told me once that most "lost" documents are actually documents whose provenance is questionable and the institution is simply waiting for some legal clock to tick (statute of limitations, death of last legal descendant, lapse of insurance claim, etc) before they can be "found".

  31. Premises? More like axioms. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Yes, but he's come to conclude that those premises are false based on something he chose as an axiom. It's like bashing the work because he thinks it should have assumed the axiom of choice.

  32. Now wait a stinkin minute by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The author of this article used the word "lie" correctly, as in "had lain", but Slashdot can't get the usage of "its" correctly? What gives?
    Now get off my lawn.

  33. The text by ixache · · Score: 1

    Here you go:

    I have found a truly wonderful proof of the existence of God, but the margin of this letter is too narrow to hold it.

    :-)

    In all seriousness, here is an excerpt from the letter (with original syntax but modern spelling—all in all, it is still readily legible even today—don't know if it meets the "human language requirement, though... ;), as found from TFA :

    [Mr Picot] m'a parlé en tels termes du Sieur Petit que cela m'a obligé d'adoucir ce que j'avais écrit de lui comme vous verrez en la préface au lecteur; que je vous envoie pour la faire imprimer s'il vous plait au commencement du livre après l'epître dédicatoire à Mrs de la Sorbonne et on n'imprimera point la 4e partie du discours de la méthode ni la petite préface que j'avais mise en suite ni aussi celle qui précédait les objections du Théologien mais seulement le Synopsis.

    The heart of the matter is that after hearing well of one his opponents (Petit) by some visitors of him in Holland, Descartes has decided to tone down his rhetorics (presumably bitter attacks towards Petit) in his Meditations. He therefore sends this letter with explanations ans instructions to this effect to his good friend Father Mersenne in Paris, who is in charge of printing the book there.

    Hope this helps

    Xavier

    --
    Do I make sense? Please report if not.