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US Government Poisoned Alcohol During Prohibition

Hugh Pickens writes "Pulitzer Prize-winning science journalist Deborah Blum has an article in Slate about the US government's mostly forgotten policy in the 1920s and 1930s of poisoning industrial alcohols manufactured in the US to scare people into giving up illicit drinking during Prohibition. Known as the 'chemist's war of Prohibition,' the federal poisoning program, by some estimates, killed at least 10,000 people between 1926 and 1933. The story begins with ratification of the 18th Amendment in 1919, which banned sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the US. By the mid-1920s, when the government saw that its 'noble experiment' was in danger of failing, it decided that the problem was that readily available methyl (industrial) alcohol — itself a poison — didn't taste nasty enough. The government put its chemists to work designing ever more unpalatable toxins — adding such chemicals as kerosene, brucine (a plant alkaloid closely related to strychnine), gasoline, benzene, cadmium, iodine, zinc, mercury salts, nicotine, ether, formaldehyde, chloroform, camphor, carbolic acid, quinine, and acetone. In 1926, in New York City, 1,200 were sickened by poisonous alcohol; 400 died. The following year, deaths climbed to 700. These numbers were repeated in cities around the country as public-health officials nationwide joined in the angry clamor to stop the poisoning program. But an official sense of higher purpose kept it in place, while lawmakers opposed to the plan were accused of being in cahoots with criminals and bootleggers. The chief medical examiner of New York City during the 1920s, one of the poisoning program's most outspoken opponents, liked to call it 'our national experiment in extermination.'"

25 of 630 comments (clear)

  1. Gov't for the people, by the people by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Nice how much hate exists among our democracy. (Ok, Representative democracy)

    1. Re:Gov't for the people, by the people by AmigaMMC · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yep, that's the Land of the Free (tm) for you

    2. Re:Gov't for the people, by the people by mpe · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Others drink alcohol in their ceremonies (e.g. Anglican Christians, and plenty of pagans, druids etc)

      Not just Anglican Christians. Monks and Monasteries have a long association with the production of drinking alcohol, including wines. Anyway until very recently, in Europe, beer was drunk by just about everyone (drinking untreated water tended to be rather lethal). To the extent that people who's ancestors drank beer are much more able to deal with alcohol than those who's ancestors didn't.

    3. Re:Gov't for the people, by the people by Jesus_666 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You just made the GP's point: Pedophilia is anathema to the point of merely using it to illustrate a point is automatically considered to invalidate the point. It's the Hitler of sexuality* (mention it and the discussion stops being rational) and it automatically disables all higher reasoning in most people. Which is precisely because of social conditioning, given that various cultures practiced and in rare cases still practice it and saw/see nothing wrong with it.

      So yes, pedophilia being abhorrent to most people is exactly the same as oral sex being abhorrent to some people. Even though one can make logically valid arguments as to why it's bad, most people immediately become irrational when it's mentioned and detest it because they are expected to do so. (Besides, the arguments against oral sex are also logically valid; they merely have some premises most people assume to be false.)

      Note that I'm not defending pedophilia here. It's bad for a number of reasons but we need to stop kneejerking every time it's mentioned. All that does accomplish is to make it impossible for us to actually deal with the issue. We need to get rid of that berserk button.


      * Does it count as a Godwin when I invoke Gowin's Law to illustrate a point?

      --
      USE HOT GRITS WITH STATUE OF NATALIE PORTMAN (NAKED AND PETRIFIED)
    4. Re:Gov't for the people, by the people by mdwh2 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I agree that there is way too much scaremongering over pedophilia, and it's ridiciluous the way it's treated as a thought crime.

      But that doesn't mean equating oral sex to sex with children is valid. What next? If I was disagreeing with someone who says that gay sex between adults was wrong, are you going to say "Well his view is equally valid as someone who believes that raping babies and then eating them is wrong"? No, it's not equally valid. Yes, there's a debate to be had on when children can consent. But it's not meaningful to say that any "X is wrong" view is equally valid as any other.

      The thing you are missing is that there other reasons than simply thinking it "abhorrent". The criticism against non-consensual sex is not that it is "abhorrent".

  2. Denaturing Alcohol is standard practice... by Saono · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Denaturing alcohol is a common practice even today to prevent tax dodging, perhaps the best mass-scale denaturing occurring today is in Ethanol plants.

  3. The more things change... by sjpm · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's a good thing we no longer do things like that. You know, like add tylenol (APAP) to opiate painkillers so that if you abuse them you die of liver failure. Cause that wouldn't be cool at all.

  4. Re:Feds still going on by Gizzmonic · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Stupid doctors are as much to blame for this as the FDA. When a drug company's patent is about to expire, they often superficially change the molecular structure of the popular drug so that they can get a new patent. Then they start the marketing blitz to "ask your doctor about" the new drug. Smart doctors will prescribe the proven cure over the patent cash-in drugs.

    --
    (-1, Raw and Uncut is the only way to read)
  5. Not if you do it right, the info is out there by spun · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I think the home brewing and other do-it-yourself alcohol production communities would beg to differ with you. You only run into any real risk when you start distilling anyway.

    --
    - None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license. -- John Milton
  6. Re:Feds still going on by selven · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Several hundred thousand die per year? So it's half as bad as cancer or heart disease? I find that very hard to believe. And federally mandated poisoning? No one is forcing patients to take these drugs. Taking these drugs is a risk patients willingly take since, if they have a deadly disease, doing nothing itself has a high mortality rate.

  7. summary is flamebait! by wizardforce · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Early on in the 13-year experiment to outlaw ethyl alcohol, bootleggers turned to its poisonous cousin methyl alcohol, also known as wood alcohol, to quench the nation's thirst. Norris and Gettler saw the results carried into the city morgue. To begin with, methyl alcohol causes the same pleasant feelings of inebriation as ethyl alcohol, but these are quickly followed by blindness, coma and death.

    So basically the bootleggers were defrauding the drinkers during prohibition by replacing the cheap (but legal for industrial uses) Methanol which can lead to blindness and ultimately death. The underground market was defrauding and poisoning people wholesale. So in effect, the Methanol was only safe to be used in industrial products as it was and would never have poisoned people if it had not been fraudulently added to alcoholic beverages in the first place. That isn't to say the government wasn't wrong, it most certainly was as is the entire concept of a drug war in of its self, it is that these underground markets were knowingly putting tainted Methanol into their products and killing drinkers as a result.

    --
    Sigs are too short to say anything truly profound so read the above post instead.
  8. Re:Methanol by wizardforce · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The fact remains that these bootleggers were adding a chemical that was already known to be poisonous and extremely dangerous to drink. It's like complaining that the government put strychnine in gasoline and since bootleggers were adding gasoline to their drinks the government was solely responsible for deaths. No. These bootleggers put poison in their products to begin with; they knew it was killing people and they did it anyway.

    --
    Sigs are too short to say anything truly profound so read the above post instead.
  9. Re:More Atrocities: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experime by sjames · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It's not a matter of not being able to believe the government would ever do such a thing. It's laughed at because the same people who would call a government review board a "death panel" fully support the private "death panels" each insurance company has.

  10. Re:More Atrocities: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experime by currently_awake · · Score: 4, Insightful

    government run health care seems to work well everywhere it's been tried. I get to vote for the idiot who appoints the moron who denies me medical care. I might only have a small chance to fix the problem, but the guy in office remembers me when he makes his choices. how about in a free system? Oh right, only the rich (shareholders) get a vote.

  11. Re:Still goes on. Ever heard of Denatured Alcohol? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Then get rid of the poison *and* the tax. Duh.

    You think it's better for people to die than to get drunk cheap. Fuck you.

  12. Re:not that different today by AK+Marc · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You really think that the drug gangs in Mexico would just stop fighting if drugs were legalized?

    Yes. When you take the profit out of it, they stop. The only reasons gangs exist in the USA is because of prohibition. The mob tried to get in, and was stuck doing things like garbage collection. But Prohibition funded them directly, and they gained a foothold. That let them fund less profitable ventures, like protection rackets, prostitution, and tax evasion. Make all the illegal stuff legal, and the funding of gangs ends. No more money, no more guns. No guns, no violence.

    But the Puritanical US won't let that happen here, and pushes hard to make others conform to our morality. Nothing is worse than religion... "I like your Christ. I do not like your Christians." God is fine, the people that claim to be following Him are the problem...

    When you take away what people have been fighting over, and that fighting gave them power, they will just find something else to fight over.

    You seem very confused. These aren't idealistic people fighting for or against anything. They are capitalists where the rules of capitalism require enforcing their own contracts through violence and they are allowed to create barriers of entry for competitors (those barriers of entry being served via lead). They don't fight because it is a fun way to pass the time. They fight because it makes them lots of money. Make it legal, tax it, and you'll have the government funding increase while their funding decreases. They'll move on to profiting from the next victimless crime, and if you get rid of them all, they'll get a job.

  13. Re:More Atrocities: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experime by Jah-Wren+Ryel · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's laughed at because the same people who would call a government review board a "death panel" fully support the private "death panels" each insurance company has.

    Totally. That's what's bugged me about the whole "death panel" fubar from the beginning - we've ALREADY got them and the only people who aren't beholden to death panels are the uninsured.

    --
    When information is power, privacy is freedom.
  14. Re:Ah yes... by Sycraft-fu · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Ya I've never liked the argument that because marijuana is natural it must be safe/harmless. No, not really. Plenty of dangerous natural shit out there. Some of the most deadly venoms known are from natural sources. That something is natural has no bearing at all on if it is safe or healthy or anything else.

    Now, that said, marijuana is rather safe and non-addictive, and as such ought to be legalized. However the reason to legalize it is because it is safe and we have science showing that, not because it is natural.

  15. Re:Insurance is voluntary. Government is not. by Stiletto · · Score: 5, Insightful

    An insurance company can't prevent you from being treated for a condition.

    Total, unfiltered denial of reality.

    If a medical procedure costs $400,000 and I have $400 in my bank account, and my insurance company says "We're not going to cover it." they are essentially PREVENTING me from being treated. If the treatment would save my life, they are effectively a "private death panel".

  16. Re:Insurance is voluntary. Government is not. by Draconius42 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Okay, first off, I agree with everything you've said here. But why has it become so common these days to call people with different or even incorrect information "liars"? Isn't it enough to just call them wrong and point out why? Why attribute deliberate deception to them without any proof? All that does is foster hostility and blind them to the point you are trying to make.

  17. Re:temperance movement by siloko · · Score: 4, Insightful

    As far as I can tell, christianity is directly opposed authoritarianism.

    So can you explain the role of God in your non-authoritarian Christianity?

  18. Eh, the people HAD a problem by Ostracus · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "I always find it funny that people who risk jail time for a drug claim they haven't got a problem. "No sirree, I am not a drunk. Yes I am drinking industrial alcohol laced with rat poison for flavor sold to me by outragous prices and I could go to jail for it, but really, I got it all under control."

    Apparently we haha when someone offs them self doing something stupid like swimming with sharks with a bloody cut, but when someone does something Darwin like drinking poisoned alcohol, bust out the sympathy cards. Stupid is stupid and it's not going to get any smarter by justifying it.

    --
    Shai Schticks:"You don't make peace with friends, you make peace with enemies"
  19. Re:temperance movement by commodore64_love · · Score: 3, Insightful

    >>>To give everyone a chance at salvation and allow us to find our own paths with the free will bestowed upon us?

    And spend eternity burning in hell if you choose the wrong thing. That's like a government that tolerates Free Speech Protesters for a few years and then decides, "That's enough" and runs over them with tanks and/or make them disappear in a prison.

    NOT free will.

    --
    "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." - historian Evelyn Beatrice Hall
  20. Re:temperance movement by Omestes · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ...many who claim to be christian advocate authoritarianism,

    Sounds a lot like the "No True Scotsman" fallacy to me. Christianity is defined by its followers, and only by its tenets in how its followers take them up.

    Its like saying the Judeo-Christian religions are peaceful because one of the Ten Commandments says "thou shall not murder". Or saying politicians are inherently honest because all of them claim to be truthful.

    --
    A patriot must always be ready to defend his country against his government. -edward abbey
  21. Re:Eh, the people HAD a problem by Pollardito · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "I always find it funny that people who risk jail time for a drug claim they haven't got a problem.

    Laws against doing something don't make something wrong to do, laws can at most reflect a judgement by society that something is wrong to do. The US, like most countries, wouldn't exist if people only did things that are legal. Slavery wasn't the right thing to do before it was illegal. And drinking alcohol wasn't fine to do, then not fine to do, then fine to do depending on the decade you're in.

    Maybe the problem isn't that people's alcohol problem compelled them to drink alcohol with rat poison in it, maybe the problem was that people were *secretly* putting rat poison in alcohol in a deliberate effort to kill enough people that the rest would be forced to toe the line.