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Should Kids Be Bribed To Do Well In School?

theodp writes "Harvard economist Roland Fryer Jr. did something education researchers almost never do: he ran a randomized experiment in hundreds of classrooms in Chicago, Dallas, Washington, and New York to help answer a controversial question: Should Kids Be Bribed to Do Well in School? He used mostly private money to pay 18,000 kids a total of $6.3 million and brought in a team of researchers to help him analyze the effects. He got death threats, but he carried on. His findings? If incentives are designed wisely, it appears, payments can indeed boost kids' performance as much as or more than many other reforms you've heard about before — and for a fraction of the cost."

54 of 706 comments (clear)

  1. Why Not? by WrongSizeGlass · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It's how we motivate adults at work so why not kids in school?

    If it turns out to be a better use of resources and we turn out students who do better in school then it can't be all bad.

    1. Re:Why Not? by khallow · · Score: 4, Insightful

      because kids aren't adults, and school isn't optional work?

      Absolutely. That's why kids don't need motivation for school work. They just do it as if by magic.

      why do you think adults require motivation?

      In my case, a cursory examination of human behavior has yielded a great deal of evidence to indicate that people need motivation or they don't do the work.

    2. Re:Why Not? by roman_mir · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Kids. Kids didn't ask their parents to be born. Their parents didn't ask the kids: do you want to be born and go through this? None of that happened. Kids are forced to be born, forced to do whatever the grownups tell them, forced to learn all of this nonsense, forced to become 'productive members of society' and by the society they are often forced to have their own offspring just so that there will be the next generation of 'productive members of society' ready to pay for the mistakes of the former ones.

      Sure kids need motivation to go to school. There has to be some motivation and if all other motivations fail, money just may be the last resort.

    3. Re:Why Not? by anagama · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Adults have all kinds of motivation to work. Being hungry, cold, rained on -- these are pretty strong motivators (not for all people, but for most, they're powerful).

      Kids generally have food and a place to live without worrying about it -- they expect it. Kids also generally have a pretty short term outlook. Remember when you felt like summer vacation would last forever or the school year would never end? At 14, it's hard to think realistically about what one's life will be like at 35. So you give short term motivators to kids, they do well, and life at 35 is all that much easier because somewhere along the way, they picked up long-term thinking skills without being hampered by blowing off homework and playing video games.

      However, as an intentionally child-free taxpayer, I really do hate paying for other people's sprogs.

      --
      What changed under Obama? Nothing Good
    4. Re:Why Not? by stonewallred · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I was a fuck up growing up. G&T,AG,HAG etc, but hated them all. I would rather skip class and smoke, shoot dope and drink. I ended up being sent to the fuck up school, called Optional Education. You came to school any time between 7am to 8pm. You had a full set of classes, but you could go to any of your classes at any time. You punched a time card in and the teachers signed off on them as you came to class and when you left. You could, and this was back in the early 80s, eat, drink, listen to music with headphones and smoke in class. You worked at your own pace, and it was set up so that you could test out of any set of assignments. I went from the 9th grade to graduating in a year and a half. Which allowed me to graduate with the rest of the people I started school with, even though I had failed the 9th grade twice because of skipping and suspensions. But over the years they changed the system and made it more like a school with guards, with assigned classes, scheduled classes etc etc. The school's graduation and student promotion rate plummeted. And disciplinary problems went through the roof. There is a lesson there, but I don't think I need to lay it out for you.

    5. Re:Why Not? by HungryHobo · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I'm not sure if many people read TFA but an interesting result:

      Schools in Dallas got the simplest scheme and the one targeting the youngest children: every time second-graders read a book and successfully completed a computerized quiz about it, they earned $2. Straightforward -- and cheap. The average earning would turn out to be about $14 (for seven books read) per year.

      And in Dallas, the experiment produced the most dramatic gains of all. Paying second-graders to read books significantly boosted their reading-comprehension scores on standardized tests at the end of the year -- and those kids seemed to continue to do better the next year, even after the rewards stopped.

      The cheapest program produced the best results.

      One clue came out of the interviews Fryer's team conducted with students in New York City. The students were universally excited about the money, and they wanted to earn more. They just didn't seem to know how. When researchers asked them how they could raise their scores, the kids mentioned test-taking strategies like reading the questions more carefully. But they didn't talk about the substantive work that leads to learning. "No one said they were going to stay after class and talk to the teacher," Fryer says. "Not one."

      We tend to assume that kids (and adults) know how to achieve success. If they don't get there, it's for lack of effort -- or talent.

    6. Re:Why Not? by Firethorn · · Score: 5, Insightful

      However, as an intentionally child-free taxpayer, I really do hate paying for other people's sprogs.

      View it as an investment into the future to ensure that there's doctors and nurses and taxpayers to take care of you in your retirement.

      --
      I don't read AC A human right
    7. Re:Why Not? by williamhb · · Score: 3, Insightful

      However, as an intentionally child-free taxpayer, I really do hate paying for other people's sprogs.

      And many of those sprogs might hate paying for your Medicaid and retirement.

      Much as some intentionally-childless moan about "having to support other people's children", technically it is the other way around. By deciding not to have children, you aren't "receiving less from the government", economically you are co-investing less in future taxpayers. From a tax and social policy perspective, in the current system, it is the height of selfishness to decide to be childless and put neither the money nor the child-rearing effort into maintaining society into the future.

    8. Re:Why Not? by ColaMan · · Score: 4, Funny

      I don't know how to make this more clear to you.

      He might make better progress if you offered some sort of financial reward for his comprehension of your opinion,

      --

      You are in a twisty maze of processor lines, all alike.
      There is a lot of hype here.
  2. No by koan · · Score: 3, Insightful

    What does that teach them? Don't do anything regardless of what it is unless you're "bribed".
    That said I know I will get flamed for saying that, but I think it instills an attitude of don't anything unless you get paid, loses touch with what education is and should be.

    --
    "If any question why we died, Tell them because our fathers lied."
    1. Re:No by Kr3m3Puff · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It teaches them the way the real world works. Do adults do their jobs because "they are supposed to" or "out of the kindness of their own hearts." The real world pays you for the work you perform, why preclude children from that, just because we can.

      If it works and it is more cost effective then other types of reform, then more power to them.

      --
      D.O.U.O.S.V.A.V.V.M.
    2. Re:No by Karganeth · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Not bribed, PAID. Being paid is the only reason most adults do anything hard. It doesn't fucking matter if it "loses touch with what education should be" - all that matters is RESULTS. If it improves the children's grades more than other incentives of the same costs, it should be done.

    3. Re:No by Scrameustache · · Score: 3, Insightful

      What does that teach them?

      The value of their work.

      That said I know I will get flamed for saying that

      Stop 'baiting.

      but I think it instills an attitude of don't anything unless you get paid, loses touch with what education is

      What education is? Factory-job preparedness training? Repeated lessons in submitting to authority? Day-prisons for teenagers?

      I'm more worried that they'll get paid for grades and that learning things is not the best way to get good grades (obeying teacher is).

      --

      You can't take the sky from me...

    4. Re:No by masmullin · · Score: 3, Insightful

      At least 11 successful final report cards. 10 final report cards and you'll always be leasing the car, 9 or less and you wont be able to lease one. 15 successful final report cards and you can afford a house + car. 18+ final report cards and you'll get a very nice house a bmw and people call you Dr.

    5. Re:No by schon · · Score: 4, Informative

      Do adults do their jobs because "they are supposed to" or "out of the kindness of their own hearts."

      I do my job because I love it.

      I've been offered more money (sometimes *much* more) to do something else. Each time, I turned it down.

    6. Re:No by anagama · · Score: 3, Insightful

      all that matters is RESULTS

      Totally agree. Perhaps part of the reason people are so ticked off about this, is because they've come to believe the lies that effort is uber-important. In real life, effort is important only insofar as it enables one to achieve results. Effort, on its own and by itself, is worthless -- it's like having fuel but no engine in which to burn it and convert the fuel to work.

      To put this in a bad car analogy -- given two mechanics, one who tries earnestly to do a good job but is actually terrible and who could barely change a tire correctly, and another who sleepwalks through his day but solves problems effortlessy and quickly, most people would chose the second guy(*) because when all is said and done, it is the end result that actually matters.

      (*) Assuming the second guy has just enough motivation to drag his butt out of bed and show up at work.

      --
      What changed under Obama? Nothing Good
    7. Re:No by f3r · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The fallacy lies in the fact that results are present at all levels of abstraction. Doing an effort is already a result, at least for sentient beings, who modify their own personality and virtues just by the mere "trying". The result of failure or success is another step in the results chain, which again modifies the personality of the person. This is why someone before said that this method could be dangerous: you have to evaluate the obvious effects but most importantly the effects on the personality after two decades of application of such methodology.

  3. Re:a better question by JoeInnes · · Score: 5, Interesting

    An even better question: who the hell sent this guy death threats?!

  4. next use it on teen girls by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    pay them not to get pregnant! pit greed vs. breed.

  5. A few sides to this. by kurokame · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I can see two main arguments for this and one against.

    (+) "If it works, then why not?"
    (+) "It's capitalism, comrade!"
    (-) "But it's against our ideals, people should learn for the sake of learning!"

    Frankly, I'm up for anything which improves the effectiveness of our education system at this point as long as it doesn't constitute an outright human rights violation. The system is broken. If you can prove that X provides significant gains, then we should at least look into it.

  6. /Obligatory by The+Wild+Norseman · · Score: 5, Funny

    In Soviet Russia, bribes school YOU!

    *ducks and runs from thread*

    --
    "A government is a body of people usually -- notably -- ungoverned." -Shepherd Book
  7. Re:a better question by DreamsAreOkToo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    While I generally feel the government shouldn't be in charge of raising our kids, they ARE in charge of educating them (if your kids go to public school).

    Also, unlike so many other government programs and tax breaks, this actually helps out poor families more than rich families. If little Delray can make money by studying, he's less likely to go "hang" with a bad crowd and steal money. He even has a chance to help provide himself with a better life now AND later.

  8. "Bribe"... by Schraegstrichpunkt · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means.

  9. Re:a better question by anagama · · Score: 3, Funny

    Jocks.

    --
    What changed under Obama? Nothing Good
  10. Behaviorism run amok by dbc · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Blatantly behaviorist. Extrinsic motivators are easily extinguished. We need to find and nurture intrinsic motivators. Unfortunately, this is hard, and the educational establishment is looking for easy solutions. Go read "Punished by Rewards" by Alphie Kohn

    1. Re:Behaviorism run amok by masmullin · · Score: 3, Funny

      I'll only read that book if you pay me.

    2. Re:Behaviorism run amok by roman_mir · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Do you know what these intrinsic motivators are?

      I'll tell you:

      1. Thirst.
      2. Hunger.
      3. Fear (of death, of pain...)
      4. Sex drive.
      and much much further than this is
      X. Curiosity.

      In most people natural curiosity does not lie within the defined boundaries of what is required from them at schools.

      Most schools and most classes do not promote curiosity and most people cannot be curious about most things that are required from them at school.

      How do you suggest making everyone have the same intrinsic motivators to do some insane work defined by some insane curriculum, most of which is really only directed at creating an obedient working unit and like it?

  11. Yes by ErichTheRed · · Score: 4, Interesting

    If done right, this might not be a bad idea. The traditional education system in the US has changed a lot in the past 50+ years:

    • There are way more distractions than before, and those distractions have the capability to pretty much take over people's lives (WoW, social networking, tons more entertainment options.)
    • In many cases, there's a lack of or much less parental involvement. Sounds old-fashioned, but a lot of what pushed me to do well came from my parents. If your parents are divorced, you only have one, or they're too busy working, you get less attention.
    • Negative feedback isn't there anymore. Teachers can't discipline for fear of parents lashing back, social promotion means students can't fail, etc.
    • The old model of Good Education = Stable, Good Job doesn't always hold anymore.

    Adding another carrot to the arsenal can't be too bad, given all the problems students face now.

  12. Re:a better question by BradleyUffner · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Our current education system is failing. Its very evident by looking at any national ranking charts that compare countries. We need to do something before things crash. And believe me, when it crashes it will affect YOU. Crime, the economy, poverty, health care. What wouldn't be fair would be you reaping the benefits of education without paying for it. Public education (yes, even the crappy system we have now) helps EVERYONE, those without children, those with children in private school, the elderly who's children have already finished school, EVERYONE.

  13. Re:It does work, but you have to keep paying them. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    The experiments so far indicate that paying students for results improves only the results paid for. Pay for attendance, you get attendance. Pay for grades on quizzes, you get grades on quizzes. End of year scores don't improve much, if at all. And when the money stops, so does the improvement.

    You might want to read the article. It states quite clearly that paying kids for books read increased standardized test scores on reading and that these were long term gains

  14. Re:Death Threats? by petes_PoV · · Score: 3, Funny

    Maybe the threats were from the teachers who felt it was THEM who should've been bribed to teach better

    --
    politicians are like babies' nappies: they should both be changed regularly and for the same reasons
  15. In the private sector by rossdee · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Its called 'pay for performance'

    (I think that bribe is not the correct term here.)

  16. Re:a better question by icebraining · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It's a job; you get paid if you accomplish what you're told to do. You don't get grounded if you fail to perform, you just stop getting money.

  17. What is a bribe? by TrumpetPower! · · Score: 4, Informative

    The word, “bribe,” has two very different common meanings.

    The first is a payment to somebody to do something illicit. It might or might not be something the person objects to doing, but it is something against the rules. A border agent might or might not think smoking pot is a good idea, but if you pay him to look the other way while you drive your “plant tissue samples” across the border, that’s a bribe.

    The second, and the usage implied here, is a payment to somebody to do something they don’t want to do but which isn’t illicit. It’s especially applied to things that most people think the person should want to do without compensation but, for whatever reason, the person isn’t interested. If you offer to pay your spouse to fold the laundry, that’s often considered a bribe.

    But, clearly, almost all paid work falls into the second category. While the work I do isn’t objectionable and pays well, there’s simply no way I’d do it unless you paid me (and paid me well). There are other things I’d rather do for money, but they don’t pay as well. And there are still other things I do and would do that either don’t pay or that I have to pay to do.

    So, unless you think your boss is bribing you to go to work, or unless you’d happily give up your paycheck but still continue at your job, it is most hypocritical to call what’s described in this article a bribe. You might wish that students would put in maximum effort even if they don’t get a cash reward, but your boss wishes the exact same thing of you.

    Whether or not paying students is an effective end economical method of turning them into honorable and effective citizens is a valid topic of discussion, but such payments are most emphatically not bribes.

    Cheers,

    b&

    --
    All but God can prove this sentence true.
    1. Re:What is a bribe? by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yes, thanks for that post. The use of the word "bribe" seems calculated to imply that paying kids for their performance in school is somehow sleazy or immoral, which is absurd given that almost everyone pushing this viewpoint expects payment for their performance at work. The idea that good grades should be their own reward sounds fine and noble, but it has no connection to reality, and most kids figure this out pretty fast.

      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
  18. Re:a better question by Mikkeles · · Score: 4, Informative

    'as a taxpayer, i don't think it's fair that i'm already paying for your child's education,...'

    You're not; you are paying back the cost of your education. That is being invested in the education of the current students, who will, in turn, pay it back.

    --
    Great minds think alike; fools seldom differ.
  19. Re:a better question by raving+griff · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I think you've missed the point of the parent--this system of payments makes school analogous to a job in the sense that rather requiring students be intrinsically motivated or concerned about their future positions in the workforce, the primary incentive to input effort into education is money.

  20. Can backfire in the long term... by inviolet · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Studies show that adding pay to a task decreases the internal perceived motivation for that same task. Actors conclud, subconsciously, that money is why they did it. Hence they are less likely in the future to do it unless they are paid again. Perilous to do this with the pursuit of knowledge.

    Of course in a typical public school, there are already serious problems with busywork versus genuine pursuit of understanding. In that context, payment might be the right thing to do, because as others have noted, payment is indeed what humans expect in exchange for busy work.

    --
    FATMOUSE + YOU = FATMOUSE
  21. Re:a better question by 99BottlesOfBeerInMyF · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ...do you understand how much money can be made stealing, or the more lucrative drug dealing?

    Yes, do you? Read the chapter of Freakonomics entitled "Why Do Drug Dealers Live With their Parents". It has some good numbers to show making more than minimum wage working as a crack dealer is sort of like playing basketball for a living... that is to say, you can make a lot of money, but any individual almost certainly won't.

  22. Re:a better question by Michael+Kristopeit · · Score: 3, Insightful

    but the effectiveness is never clearly defined. what is stopping teachers from giving all students an A as long as they cut them in on the bonus money?

  23. Re:a better question by turgid · · Score: 4, Insightful

    You can't choose your parents, that's why civillised countries provide free education for children, free (or subsidised) medical care and a small amount of money for food and clothes if the families are very poor.

    Parents have a great responsibility to their children, but as we all know, many irresponsible and incapable people have children.

  24. Re:a better question by HungryHobo · · Score: 5, Insightful

    A job is better than prison which is the closest analog to the current school system.

    Students are expected to work extremely hard for an extremely long time with no short term payoff(indeed with short term penalties) and the only possible payoff being far enough off that the time could be measured in significant fractions of their entire lifespan so far.

    Some kids manage this.

    Many don't and that's a failing of the system and not just the individual.

  25. Re:a better question by HungryHobo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    it was for me.

    And thus the entire problem with trying to inject rational and evidence based thinking into the system is summed up perfectly.

    The people who do well are the people who succeed in the current system.
    The people people who succeeded in the current system no matter how poor the current system is believe that only they and people like them ever *should* succeed or do well.

    and so we see clouds of vitriol like the above.

  26. Re:a better question by HungryHobo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    what the hell?
    This program is an evidence based experiment.
    That's not ignorance.

    Ignorance is throwing round rhetoric about how you think the world should and shouldn't be based on nothing but your own self importance.

  27. Re:a better question by a+whoabot · · Score: 3, Insightful

    How does that describe slavery any more than most jobs?

    "Someone else provides the workers money (which buys the food and home). Those providers have expectations of the workers. No further motivations should be expected let alone required."

  28. Re:a better question by zach_the_lizard · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What?! You mean we can stop worshiping people that can hit/catch/throw balls? We should stop caring about far removed people who are famous for pretending to be other people? What a mad idea! Next you'll be telling us that war kills people, there is no god, and men watch porn. It'll lead to mass chaos!

    Yes, I'm a proud Ahmurkin

    --
    SSC
  29. Re:a better question by demonlapin · · Score: 5, Insightful

    the long term effects of paying children money for marks in school is not clear, and in many ways seemingly dangerous.

    The compensation is deferred, but we already do pay students to do well in school. I had a full ride plus in college; that was a direct result of doing well in high school. I am a physician now, and the very good income I make is only available to people who did very well in school. "Study hard and you'll get a scholarship to college and a good job afterward" may be a lot more indirect than "Here's some cash, kid" but it pretty much only tested whether I was able to handle delayed gratification - otherwise it was very much paying me for doing well in school. This proposes to push that payment scheme down to kids who can't do decades-long delayed gratification, i.e. most of them., in order to improve their outcomes from education.

  30. Re:a better question by 99BottlesOfBeerInMyF · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ...so you think the world is fair?

    Of course not, but it is our duty as humans to make it as fair as we can and certainly if you don't care about fairness why should we care what you think is fair with regard to your taxes? You can't bitch and moan about how you don't think said taxation is fair and expect anyone to listen if you ignore the unfair things said taxation is addressing.

  31. Re:a better question by Broken+scope · · Score: 4, Informative

    You don't like how your taxes are spent?

    Welcome to society, where everyone doesn't like a program or two that their tax money funds.

    --
    You mad
  32. Re:a better question by canadian_right · · Score: 4, Informative

    What? Providing for my kids and sending them to school is the same as slavery? Just in case you did not notice, most slaves were not sent to school during the day, but to work. School benefits the child, not the parent.

    Slavery is a horrible institution that is rightfully banned. It irks me when people compare working for wages or going to school to slavery.

    --
    Anarchists never rule
  33. Re:It does work, but you have to keep paying them. by Glonoinha · · Score: 4, Interesting

    For the last year and a half of undergrad I had a job working at the local television station. For $5 an hour (about 1.5x minimum wage, pretty good at the time) 40 hours a week - I was doing pretty good for myself. The position essentially boiled down to watching TV 8 hours a day (it was a little more technical than that, but the technical part became second nature and I was basically watching TV 8 hours each day.)

    When I graduated and got a 'real job' and went off into the real world ... I stopped watching TV. Nobody was paying me to watch TV, so why would I watch TV for free? Seemed stupid to me for people to watch television for hours at a time, for free.

    Envision the practical applications of this theory - paying someone briefly for undesirable behavior, then stop paying them - they won't do that any more.

    --
    Glonoinha the MebiByte Slayer
  34. Re:a better question by DigiShaman · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Jocks have always been a PITA for everyone that was *not* at Jock themselves. That said however, Jocks are nothing more than geeks of the human body.

    Funny that computer geeks have no problem programming and performing other advanced mental tasks, yet inflict serious damage and neglect the health of their own body. Try using those brains to drop the weight and improve your cardio. If the Jocks can do it, no reason you can't too.

    --
    Life is not for the lazy.
  35. Re:a better question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

    Teachers Unions

  36. Re:a better question by Dhalka226 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    An instant, dismissive attempt to censor what is obviously a valid, honest opinion only lends credibility to that opinion

    Uhm, no, it doesn't. You can have a heartfelt opinion that raping children is a nice, cheap form of entertainment or that Hitler destroying the Jews was the greatest accomplishment of mankind. Nobody is going to take you more seriously if you're moderated down for it or outright censored.

    As far as "valid?" Valid is the opinion.

    Anyone with some understanding who might have entertained the idea of both views being merely different but equal now knows that yours is inferior.

    Interesting. Personally I think that somebody who judges people based on an opinion they're supposing based on a moderation choice rather than one that person has even expressed is a self-important moron. And judging by your other posts in this thread, that's exactly what you are. You are consistently smug, insulting, dismissive and superior, with an obvious belief that anybody who doesn't agree with you not only has a lesser opinion, but is a lesser person; a lesser intellect.

    In fact, this entire post rings hollow. Perhaps you should go back and apologize to some of the people you were rude and insulting to first and then talk about valid, honest opinions. Or does this sort of thing only work one way for you?

    I wouldn't be surprised at all.

    As I've heard it said, you might chronologically be an adult but that doesn't mean you've grown up.

    You don't even know these people. You don't even know who these people are, much less why they may have moderated it the way they did. What if it is just a valid, honest opinion that he was trying to start a flamewar? Never even crossed your mind, did it? You just decided the person who was moderated down was right and these mods most be puerile, childish, emotionally overreactive, dismissive, unthoughtful, immature so-called adults. All things you've said in the course of, what, 200 words or so? About people you know nothing whatsoever about, including their own views on the actual topic at hand which you nonetheless saw fit to assume and lambast in their absence?

    Incidentally, I have plenty of karma. Do your worst. Waste your points on me. I'd be happy with that, since you might have otherwised use them to censor someone who doesn't have plenty of karma.

    Oh, please, get over yourself. You're not that important. Drop the fucking "I ARE TEH MARTYR!!" crap. If people want to mod you into oblivion, it's because you deserve it. And hey, guess what? They have FOURTEEN MORE MOD POINTS to moderate whoever they please whichever way they please for whatever reason they please. You know this. You're a self-important ass, but not stupid; so I see no conclusion but that you're trying to puff yourself up.

    And before you go ahead and guess my own opinion incorrectly, I actually agree with you. I think his post is absolutely worthless, wishful thinking not worthy of even acknowledging -- but it's not flamebait. Surprising, huh?