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EU Conducts Test Flights To Assess Impact of Volcanic Ash On Aircraft

chrb writes "As we discussed on Friday, the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland has led to flights being canceled across the EU. With travel chaos ensuing and the airlines losing an estimated $200 million per day, EU authorities are coming under increasing pressure to re-open the airways. Test flights conducted on Saturday were apparently successful, with no problems encountered during flight. Following the test flights, Peter Hartman, CEO of KLM, said, 'We hope to receive permission as soon as possible after that to start up our operation and to transport our passengers to their destinations.' Evidence possibly opposing this move comes from the Finnish Defense Forces, which released photos and a statement after F-18 Hornets flew through the ash cloud, saying, 'Based on the pictures, it was discovered that even short flights in ash dust may cause significant damage to an airplane's engine.' Is it safe to resume flights so soon, or should planes remain grounded until the ash cloud has dissipated?"

26 of 410 comments (clear)

  1. Safe to Fly! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Tell that to the passengers of British Airways Flight 9!

  2. Goodness, Who To Believe... by Bottles · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So we can choose between the findings of a massive corporation intent on re-establishing its cashflow as soon as possible or a military entity performing a post-mortem on its equipment which sustained damage just prior to flight restrictions.

    You decide!

    1. Re:Goodness, Who To Believe... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The problem is that nobody's measured the actual concentration of the ash cloud yet. The satellite images show SO2, not the solid particles. No airline would willingly or even just carelessly fly their planes through ash: The repair costs for a whole fleet would be astronomical. The question they're trying to get answered is this: Is the simulation, which is the current source of information, accurate or is there airspace which is usable without damage to the machines and risk to the crews and passengers? For example, if the ash is only at high altitudes, they could fly lower than usual, to at least get the stranded passengers to their destinations.

      The pressure to find a solution other than waiting it out is growing because the weather is relatively stable and if the volcano keeps spewing ash, then the situation isn't going to change for at least a couple more days. They're looking for safe airspace, not for a way straight through the cloud.

    2. Re:Goodness, Who To Believe... by oji-sama · · Score: 5, Insightful

      So

      1. You're saying that they were lying when they said that they had practice mission in Nothern Finland. And lied that even short missions can cause problems when they released photos about the engines.

      2. You think that they _could_ lie about it and not get caught. Do you have any idea how closely airspace is being scrutinized?

      --
      It is what it is.
    3. Re:Goodness, Who To Believe... by oji-sama · · Score: 3, Insightful

      So

      1. You're saying that they were lying when they said that they had practice mission in Nothern Finland. And lied that even short missions can cause problems when they released photos about the engines.

      No, I'm saying I saw only one source claiming they were on Northern Finland. Maybe they were further north, in the arctic.

      And I'm sure they're being 100% honest about the engine photos.

      Well. The original source is the Finnish Airforce. And plese do check the map. Further North doesn't really cut it. Yes, I saw the flightplan map, where the Iceland was 1380 miles away. To the West of Finland, through both Sweden and Norway.

      A part of story behind the photos was that they said that even a short flight was problematic. I don't think a flight to Iceland and back would count as one.

      2. You think that they _could_ lie about it and not get caught. Do you have any idea how closely airspace is being scrutinized?

      Depends on altitude, artic monitoring and radar signature of the F-18. I'm not sure they ask civilian ATC for clearance...

      You generally don't fly your military jets through other countries. For example, it gets to the news if a Russian fighter goes 300 meters deep in Finnish airspace. Has happened a few times.

      --
      It is what it is.
    4. Re:Goodness, Who To Believe... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Wow, you have no concept of the effects of volcanic ash.

      Volcanic Ash is essentially magma mist. when you get down to the quick and dirty of it, it's almost like having pulverized pumice. It's very glassy in texture, and very VERY abrasive, unless it's been weathered down over a few thousand years.

      This fresh stuff can make your eyes and nose itch, it can and will stick to all sorts of parts, it gets EVERYWHERE. Having walked through an area where an ash cloud immediately settled, I can attest to the fact it can and will stick to you, you have to brush it off well to even begin to get it out of all sorts of small places.

      Imagine what it will do to a jet engine, it will collect, and slowly clog the engines.

      To me, it sounds like a bunch of airlines willing to risk the lives of their crews and their passengers to resume making money, even though they face multi-billion dollar class action lawsuits when something happens at a later date due to damage to the engine internals.

      oh not to mention engine repair.

      These are the same airline companies that still fly poorly maintained planes that were built in the late 70's and early 80's.

      I'd trust the finnish on this. This "Ash" is not the same as the ash you get from a fire. It's much more coarse and grainier. go rub some fresh volcanic ash against your skin and then tell me you wont be itchy and a red mark will be left behind.

      Well, as fresh as it will be once cooled down from being thousands of degrees in temperature.. in the middle of the air.

    5. Re:Goodness, Who To Believe... by MartinSchou · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Even if you could get all of the people on board to make a statement about acceptable risk then in the off chance of a crash the survivors would sue

      Screw the survivers. The plane crashes into an apartment block. The obvious conclusion from the NTSB is that the crash caused by the volcanic ash breaking the engine, plugging the pitot tubes, taking out all electrical systems and making the cockpit windows opaque.

      I'm sure the jury in any kind of lawsuit resulting from this crash will agree that the fact that the passengers signed a waiver means that everything was fine.

    6. Re:Goodness, Who To Believe... by tibit · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Two things will happen:

      1. Windshields will get sandblasted. Maybe not during one flight, but give it a week or two and they'll be
      replacing their windshields. $100k is the order of magnitude I believe.

      2. Every part of the engine that runs at high temperature will get ash caked on it. Does wonders to
      high pressure turbine efficiency. I don't know if APUs on modern airlines power hydraulics, but they better
      did, and you better hoped that the APU will survive the ash treatment as well.

      3. Seals that are airtight usually are not dust tight -- I know, it's counter-intuitive, but that's how it is,
      especially with seals over rotating shafts. The oil in those engines will make sure that the ash is redistributed
      to the bearing surfaces running at highest temperatures -- where it can do most damage.

      When you get crap caked on inside of the engine, you don't "replace things earlier". You're talking about
      replacing the engine, and doing a full overhaul on the one you took out. Figure $1M o.m. for two high bypass
      turbofans maybe?

      --
      A successful API design takes a mixture of software design and pedagogy.
  3. Keep them on the ground by YrWrstNtmr · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Yes, it sucks. To the tune of hundreds of millions of $$ per day. But this stuff can and will kill an engine. I wouldn't want to depend on a lucky restart.

    Of course, if this goes on much longer, as it has in the past, we will run into serious problems.

  4. A lesson to be learned: Greed kills by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I am waiting for the impatient to risk their lives to prove to the rest of us why better safe than sorry is much safer than being dead.

    Take a boat.

  5. Re:Starting to get ridiculous... by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2, Insightful

    How do you do those 'real tests' without running expensive aircraft through the target airspace? Although clearly we have had some experience with volcanic ash, from what I've read there is a real dearth of information. I imagine (although it really hasn't shown up in the news) that various smart and inventive persons are trying to run through ideas to sort this out.

    Remember, the real issue is what is going on between 10000 and 30000 feet. Hard to walk there and sample some air. Modified radiosonde balloons? Giant kites? Let's work this out guys.

    --
    Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  6. Callous disregard of safety by A+beautiful+mind · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So based on a few low altitude flights they want to reestablish about 20k flights / day? It's excellent that 5-10 testflights could manage in low altitude, however if only 0.1% flights drops out of the skies, that is still 20 flights downed per day. You don't establish safety based on limited tests.

    Sure it's possible that the computer models establishing the extent of the dust cloud are conservative towards safety, however isn't that what you would expect no matter how much it costs the airlines? The Finnish incident clearly shows it's not safe, at this point I'm not even sure I'd trust the airlines to disclose whether they suffered damage in their test flights.

    --
    It takes a man to suffer ignorance and smile
    Be yourself no matter what they say
    1. Re:Callous disregard of safety by kestasjk · · Score: 2, Insightful

      They're the ones who'd have to pay if an accident happened, they're the ones who own the aircraft, they're the ones who best understand the risks involved. Even in a much more intense cloud of ash, closer to the volcano which was at a higher altitude, which caused 4 engines to shut down (BA9, the textbook example) 3 of 4 engines started up once they got out of the ash cloud.

      Meanwhile all planes grounded over a risk that experts don't think is credible means vacations ruined, investments lost, business trips canceled, insurance premiums increasing, airplane ticket prices increasing, etc, etc.

      --
      // MD_Update(&m,buf,j);
  7. Re:All aircraft grounded - Except in Sweden by YrWrstNtmr · · Score: 4, Insightful

    There is a slight chance that ONE of those might be affected at high altitude.

    OK, Sparky. You go first.

  8. Re:How long will it last? by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Consider this is one weenie little volcano (albeit poorly placed). No wonder dinosaurs didn't invent air travel.

    --
    Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  9. Re:One new thing - transatlantic on 2 engines by TooMuchToDo · · Score: 3, Insightful
    If ash from volcanoes can take out four engines, there is no way in hell I want to get near that ash cloud/plume in a two engine transatlantic aircraft.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_9

  10. Anonymous Pilot by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    As an ATPL pilot, any idiot who flies into the dense components of the ash cloud will get absolutely no sympathy from me when they suffer from multiple system failures. Important to note though, the article doesn't mention the density of the ash cloud they flew through. Also, I highly doubt they'll readjust the maintenance cycles of the parts to cater for the increase in wear and tear, so even if the aircraft does not have a problem immediately I'd place bets that parts will fail prematurely in the future.

  11. I live under the transatlantic flight path. by GuyFawkes · · Score: 5, Insightful

    and it is interesting how the skies are clear of contrails, and also the lack of periodic flights from the local airport, the landing path for which is *directly* overhead at an altitude of a few hundred metres. This includes turboprop aircraft like the Dash jobbies being grounded.

    Of course everyone is talking about stranded passengers, nobody is talking about stranded air mail and stranded cargo.

    It is interesting to me just how dependent we (and we in Europe are a lot less dependent on flights than USAians) have become on the jet aircraft, and how useless people have become, they just sit in the airports expecting some one else to get them to their destination...

    ferries, channel tunnel, trains, automobiles, nope, just won't do... I have driven from London to Athens in less time than many of these people have been sat in airports wringing their hands... I also suspect that it may be CHEAPER to hire a car and drive back home, than to attempt to live in an airport for a week.

    interestingly, lots of travel insurance companies are simply shrugging their shoulders when people try to make claims over this, sorry, act of god, not covered by insurance.

    BTW, back in the day, we used to hear the sonic boom from Concorde, I have heard some talk that while a 747 cruises at 39,000 feet, Concorde's ceiling of 60,000 feet meant that it could have flown OVER these dust clouds...

    --
    http://slashdot.org/~GuyFawkes/journal
    1. Re:I live under the transatlantic flight path. by sohp · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I have heard some talk that while a 747 cruises at 39,000 feet, Concorde's ceiling of 60,000 feet meant that it could have flown OVER these dust clouds...

      They still have to take off and land; as far ask I know, that would take the aircraft through the ash cloud.

      Even if Virgin Galactic has suborbital transatlantic flights, they'd still need a way to get to up there.

  12. Hooray for the EU! by BadDoggie · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Sending multiple 50M aircraft into ash clouds to prove what we already knew: that even a brief encounter with volcanic ash will fuck your turbines up but good. And your surfaces. And your Plexiglass. And your ventilation system. And and and...

  13. @What about the weather? by rossdee · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Nobody seems to be talking about the effect that this volcano will have of the weather. Previous large eruptions have caused mini ice ages.

  14. Re:Starting to get ridiculous... by multi+io · · Score: 3, Insightful

    That animation isn't based on a measurement though, it's based on a computer simulation with debatable accuracy (whose initial conditions were based on some measurements, again with debatable accuracy).

  15. Re:All aircraft grounded - Except in Sweden by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    I don't know if you know this, put giant props are often powered by turbines. Especially as they get to be more giant.

    If you're going to lead off with snarky phrasing like that, you need to be correct. Not partially correct, 100% I-can-talk-like-a-prick-because-I-have-every-possibility-covered correct. You missed that threshold.

  16. Re:All aircraft grounded - Except in Sweden by HuguesT · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Actually the glassy ash will melt in the jet engine and quickly accumulate to the point where the engine stops working.

  17. Re:Norwegian helicopter ambulance video by MooUK · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Note that the ash is also acidic. When you get to clearing it off, bear that in mind.

    Attempting to brush it off will be fairly damaging. Washing it off with water could be a problem too. Best bet is probably very large quantities of water to dilute anything faster than it can cause damage.

    (This is a problem all the airlines will also be considering.)

  18. Re:All aircraft grounded - Except in Sweden by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Um, no. Most commercial props are powered by Turboprop engines. These are still jet engines, they have just been modified to provide shaft horsepower instead of thrust. They are still affected by ash just like turbofan engines are.