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Reading E-Books Takes Longer Than Reading Paper Books

Hugh Pickens writes "PC World reports on a study showing that reading from a printed book — versus an e-book on any of the three tested devices, an iPad, Kindle 2, and PC — was a faster experience to a significant degree. Readers measured on the iPad reported reading speeds, on average, of 6.2 percent slower than their print-reading counterparts, while readers on the Kindle 2 clocked in at 10.7 percent slower. Jacob Nielsen had each participant read a short story by Ernest Hemingway. Each participant was timed, then quizzed to determine their comprehension and understanding of what they just read. Nielsen also surveyed users' satisfaction levels after operating each device (or page). For user satisfaction, the iPad, Kindle, and book all scored relatively equally at 5.8, 5.7, and 5.6 on a one-to-seven ranking scale (seven representing the best experience). The PC, however, did not fare so well, getting a usability score of 3.6."

39 of 186 comments (clear)

  1. It's obvious why by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    On the iPad, they had to keep checking their email.

  2. Not statistically significant by EvanED · · Score: 4, Informative

    Way to mention the results aren't actually statistically significant:

    The iPad measured at 6.2% lower reading speed than the printed book, whereas the Kindle measured at 10.7% slower than print. However, the difference between the two devices was not statistically significant because of the data's fairly high variability.

    (Emph. mine)

    1. Re:Not statistically significant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      Way to mention that some of the results are actually statistically significant:

      The difference between the two devices was not statistically significant.

      (Emph. mine)

    2. Re:Not statistically significant by TubeSteak · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Way to mention the results aren't actually statistically significant:

      You know why the data was highly variable?
      "A 24-user study showed that..."

      24 users is less a study, and more a reason to declare "further research needed"

      --
      [Fuck Beta]
      o0t!
    3. Re:Not statistically significant by commodore64_love · · Score: 2, Informative

      Also I suspect a good portion of those people were old and probably wasted a lot of time saying, "Where's the damn next button on this newfangled gadget?"

      I don't notice any difference in reading speed whether I'm using a book or e-book. But then I grew up reading text on computers (like Zork and online forums), so it feels perfectly natural to me. Plus the e-book is a lot lighter and less muscle-straining than a 600-page tome.

      --
      "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." - historian Evelyn Beatrice Hall
    4. Re:Not statistically significant by Have+Brain+Will+Rent · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Also I suspect a good portion of those people were old and probably wasted a lot of time saying, "Where's the damn next button on this newfangled gadget?"

      Wow, there's a bit of bigotry snatched out of thin air. Unfortunately one that is not at all uncommon on /.

      --
      The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny - Aesop
    5. Re:Not statistically significant by rainmouse · · Score: 5, Insightful

      With a sample size lower than what is even acceptable for a undergraduate students assignment and too many ignored variables such as users already being used to reading paper books and not digital ones, this article really isn't worth the paper its digitally printed upon.

    6. Re:Not statistically significant by Volante3192 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Or the chance some people had a hard time with the Hemingway.

      At the very least, all 24 should have tried each method, changing the stories each time.

    7. Re:Not statistically significant by Runaway1956 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Uhhh - age does play a factor. I'm over 50, and there are some things that I don't like messing with, because the buttons are to small, or the interface isn't what I'm used to, or I just don't like the design. I'm aging, and I have my ways. I'm not changing because a bunch of 30 or 40 year old punk kids decide that an iPod should look like this, or an Android should behave like that. Given a choice between a printed realtree book, and electronic versions, I'll take the treebark, thank you. When I can't get the realtree, then I want the electronic version on my PC, with a nice wide screen, and what some people would call "large print". No little bitty 3 inch screens, thank you very much, and certainly no keypad where my index finger covers half a dozen keys.

      --
      "Windows is like the faint smell of piss in a subway: it's there, and there's nothing you can do about it." - Charlie Br
    8. Re:Not statistically significant by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 2, Interesting

      ignored variables such as users already being used to reading paper books and not digital ones

      But that's the majority of the world, so if you want to know how switching to digital will affect most people, this is OK.

      I've probably read 9:1 digital:print in the past decade, but still prefer a paper book for works of significant length.

      --
      My God, it's Full of Source!
      OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
    9. Re:Not statistically significant by justinlee37 · · Score: 2, Informative

      It wasn't an assumption; the OP clearly prefaced their statement with "I suspect," a phrase which underscores their own uncertainty.

      Besides, admit it, most people who are over 40 take a little longer to adapt to using computers or to figure out some new-fangled program, video game, or cell phone. It's not that they're stupid or senile, they're just not used to electronics.

      My Father, who recently turned 50, used to be a police officer. He used to have to write his police reports using ink and paper, and it wasn't until he was nearly 35 that they started using computers at the precinct to type reports. You can't just do something one way for 35 years and then turn around tomorrow and become an expert in doing it an entirely different way.

      One of my industrial psychology professors, Dr. Truxillo, does a fair amount of research on the differences in ability between younger and older workers, and has some interesting ideas on the topic. I can't recall them with any real detail right now, but basically it amounts to the notion that younger and older workers generally have different strengths and weaknesses, but both have the same potential in all areas and both are still useful.

    10. Re:Not statistically significant by BForrester · · Score: 4, Funny

      Accordingly, you could argue that the discrepancy caused by old users might be balanced out by young users who wasted a lot of time saying, "Where's the damn 'on button' on this old-fashioned block of papers?"

    11. Re:Not statistically significant by Have+Brain+Will+Rent · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Of course it was an assumption. There was nothing in the argument to indicate that there was any age related correlations. He could have had any of a million different "suspicions" - there are lots of different "suspicions" one could come up with to explain the results - but he chose the one he did because it fit in with his own personal assumptions about things.

      Let's see, he said:

      Also I suspect a good portion of those people were old...

      Which is nothing but an assumption - there is absolutely nothing in the article to indicate anything that would reasonably generate his "suspicion".

      And then he goes on to show his opinion of "old people":

      and probably wasted a lot of time saying, "Where's the damn next button on this newfangled gadget?"

      Yeah... nothing bigoted about that. I suggest using the standard test: plug in another identifiable group and read the statement and see if it sounds bigoted. Hmmm

      I suspect a good portion of those people were Black and probably wasted a lot of time saying "Where's the damn button..."

      doesn't sound so good does it.

      As for your other comments, really they aren't relevant to what I was saying but let me respond briefly to your comment about people over 40. Someone 40 would have been 20 in 1990... I think they had electronics then. Someone 50 would have been 20 in 1980... I'm pretty sure they had electronics then... even, gasp, game consoles were around in the 80's... yeah most people even those over 40 have had lots of experience with electronics and other "new fangled" devices.

      --
      The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny - Aesop
    12. Re:Not statistically significant by Darkman,+Walkin+Dude · · Score: 3, Informative

      Besides, admit it, most people who are over 40 take a little longer to adapt to using computers or to figure out some new-fangled program, video game, or cell phone

      Hate to break it to you, but the reality is that most people over 40 just don't have the patience for useless bullshit that a younger person might have, due mostly to decades of useless bullshit that gets obsoleted within three years anyway. If something needs to get done though, done it gets.

    13. Re:Not statistically significant by EggyToast · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I'm young (recently 30) and have great vision, yet I just recently discovered, thanks to a Kindle, that smaller font sizes make me sleepy. When I'm reading something, on a computer, book, kindle, whatever, if the font is small and I'm a bit tired, it takes a little more concentration to read the tiny font -- which subsequently tires my eyes out. With a comfortable font size, I can read for hours without feeling the least bit drowsy.

      And I don't think it has anything to do with screen size, either, as I've read whole novels on my iPhone -- with a reasonable font size, of course. But it wasn't until I had a device that let me simply change the size of the font instantly that I even noticed the issue. Now it makes me think differently about older people reading; I think my drowsy grandparents, who tear through paperbacks yet often fall asleep reading them, aren't actually just "old and tired" -- I think they simply go through the same thing my young eyes do.

      But to corroborate your main point, my parents love using their iMac and my grandparents recently got a "hand me up" laptop that they use for games and other stuff. In both cases, they just had to get over the "will I break it?" factor, and then they were zooming like any other human when confronted with an interesting object ;D

    14. Re:Not statistically significant by Have+Brain+Will+Rent · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Wow... pointing out the error in someone's claim and then backing it up with actual quotes that substantiate that analysis gets multiple Troll(-1) mods? Or was it pointing out how bigoted some things sound when you apply them to a different group? Or was it disagreeing with someone's opinion about what 40 and 50 year-olds have experienced. Or maybe just ageist's who don't like being confronted with their own beliefs? Cause it sure seems a pretty pathetic attempt by some people to suppress something they are uncomfortable hearing. Yep, good going in your support of free and open debate! Today I especially love my sig. LOL!

      --
      The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny - Aesop
    15. Re:Not statistically significant by Trinn · · Score: 2, Funny

      In conjunction with my earlier post, I would imagine this also connects with changes in neurotransmission as one gets older, specifically it seems that dopaminergic neurotransmission slowly declines, and I would suspect so does serotonergic transmission, though I have not seen enough serious studies to determine exactly what is going on. I also would imagine that the changes that happen to any given individual are quite variable, based on similar genetic and experiential/environmental variations that produce the initial differences in learning patterns (which if they are too far outside of certain bounds are considered learning disabilities, such as autism (though this one has significant other involvement), add-i, add-h, etc.)

  3. Re:you cannot jump 30-pages by delinear · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Novelty, too I guess. Most people have used paper books their whole lives. I'd be interested to see the tests in 20 years of kids who have grown up with ebooks as their primary source of reading material and how they get on when they're handed a real book.

  4. Flawed Study? by Kneo24 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Maybe I'm just being obtuse here, but it wasn't clear to me if they read the same story on all of the platforms, or just had each person read the story once and the testers chose the platform for them.

    This is pretty significant. If you're going to have me read the same 30 pages over and over again, I may slow down due to boredom, or I may skim the pages and the progression appears to have increased.

    1. Re:Flawed Study? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      I agree. I think that the reader should be required to different read works of similar length and difficulty on each device. The reader should also have a break in between each reading. The order that the devices are being used in, and the piece being read on each device could be randomized. They should also be required to answer questions about the work to determine how well they understood what they read.

      The humorous thing is that nearly all of these points were addressed in the second link of the summary. I guess we know where you'd rank on the reading comprehension part of the test.

    2. Re:Flawed Study? by masmullin · · Score: 2, Insightful

      1020. 0x3FF is the highest you can count on your fingers using binary. 1024 has the same "fingular" representation as 0.

      Some of us can only count to 255 however... my ring fingers are incredibly difficult to use when counting binary.

  5. Sounds like a good thing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Books should be read carefully and slowly. What's the rush?

    1. Re:Sounds like a good thing by bytta · · Score: 2, Funny

      Some books should be read carefully and slowly.

      Fixed that for you. Many dime-store novels are ruined if you read them too carefully and slow enough to take time to think about how dumb they are. E.g. anything by Dan Brown.

  6. I hope that e-books don't doom PC reading by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    The e-books readers will never understand the precision offered by the keyboard-mouse combination. I find reading on the e-books without the keyboard and mouse to be like a cliff notes or graphic novel version.

    1. Re:I hope that e-books don't doom PC reading by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 2, Funny

      The e-books readers will never understand the precision offered by the keyboard-mouse combination.

      Not to mention the ability of the latter to provide for a quick 180 and a double-tap when a particularly nasty plot twist sneaks up on the unsuspecting reader.

  7. even if this is true by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Even if this is true (and I'm not sure it is), just the fact that I can have my Sony Reader with me at almost all times means that I get more reading time in than I would if lugging paper books around. And for the record, I still do read a fair number of paper books. The eReader supplements my paper book reading experience -- it didn't replace it, like so many people whom I know seem to believe happens (not surprisingly, those same people tend to view nearly everything around them in the same black-and-white terms).

  8. Newbies by Tx · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Not being frivolous, but as far as I can tell, the users were new to reading ebooks, but presumably not so with paper books. If you were to turn the study round, and test people who were familiar with ebooks but not with paper, you might get a very different result, especially on the general satisfaction. On the rare occasions when I read a paper book these days, I find it very irritating that I can't flip pages one-handed, larger books are actually hard to hold one-handed, I have to remember to place a bookmark and be careful not to lose it, because the damn thing doesn't automatically open back up to the last page I read, etc etc. Of course paper-book people are so used to these limitations, they don't actually notice them.

    --
    Oh no... it's the future.
    1. Re:Newbies by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Good point - combined with the FP's concern about the low number of people involved in the study (n=24) and the various devices, we basically don't know anything new. If you have a 10% difference in a small, self selected sample then one should be very, very careful not to extrapolate this data much.

      My take home message: It's all about the same. Do what you like. Get off my lawn.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  9. How do you measure it? by mseeger · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I think this depends how you measure it. During my last vacations i have read about 20 books all stored in my ebook reader. If i would have taken the time to buy/fetch new books every time from a bookstore, i would have read (on average) much slower. Having an automated bookmark for every book also saved a lot of time. So, it depends on the way of measuring :-).... as usual.

    CU, Martin

  10. Depends on purpose by iPhr0stByt3 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Electronic books can be indexed and searched (on a PC or iPad you can also copy/paste sometimes (depends on the source). If I were to read a novel, I would prefer it to be a hard-copy. But since 99% of books I read are technical I prefer being able to search for related information and for research I prefer my PC (if nothing else I can always save screenshots in OneNote). Though I've never used a kindle, so I don't know if/how good they can search?

    1. Re:Depends on purpose by Overzeetop · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You know, it depends on how well you know the reference and what you're looking for. I can find certain sections of commonly referenced code* far faster with a 1000 page book than I can look it up in e-form, since it takes far longer to grab the book and flip to (say) page 634 than to find and open the PDF**. For stuff I need to find, but I don't reference often, the computer can be faster since I can do a search. Oddly, things I almost never reference are usually faster in the paper version because I can "scan" the book faster and find the section I need (pdf readers really need to get better at flipping pages). This is particularly true since some searches are very hard to properly parse. A search for "exit stair width," for example, will find hundreds of hits as individual words, none as a phrase. What I would need to be able to search for is "width" in sections about "stairs" in the chapter(s) which cover "egress". None of the readers I have can do that, but I know that I can flip through about 40 pages scanning and find the one or two sections I need in less than a minute.

      *the International Building Code to be specific

      **I happen to use close to a hundred references in "daily" work, so shortcuts are pretty much useless - they still have to be filed somewhere. Even if it file is only three clicks and a keystroke away, I can get my answer faster than a 20-30MB PDF can open in any reader I've tried. Now, if someone can find a way to accelerate opening and - especially - thumnail indexing and page flipping, including with large images (12,000x16,000 bitmaps for arch. prints), I'm all ears.

      --
      Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
  11. Re:Out of 7 ? by Nemyst · · Score: 2, Funny

    A logarithmic scale from zero to 30*pi then?

  12. Reading is harder on a monitor. by GarryFre · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Have you ever typed a document in, carefully checked for the numerous errors that a spell checker will not catch only to have the errors JUMP out at you once they hit print, only to go back, fix the errors only to have them jump out at you on second print or even third? I have my guesses as to this phenomenon, but I've observed it in myself and others time and time again. Sometimes when I'm programming and cannot find the problem I'll highlight the area and suddenly see the errors, so my guess is simply having the medium in your hand in print or on a different colored background without glare as on a monitor can cause you to connect better with the reading material and find the errors or comprehend things faster.

    --
    www.Migrainesoft.com - Computer giving you a headache? We can fix that!
    1. Re:Reading is harder on a monitor. by dstar · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I have to think that this is because so many people insist on using dark text on a light background, which means that you effectively end up staring into a lightbulb all day long -- of course you miss things!

      I see people talking about studies which show that dark-on-light is easier on the eyes, but every one I've actually seen data for was for _non_-backlit surfaces.

      (Other possibilities include the fact that the spacing between lines -- leading -- needs to be proportional to the length of the lines, which it's not on any computer I've ever seen).

  13. Study done cold? by jridley · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It looks like they just handed an ereader to people who weren't necessarily familiar with them.

    My reading speed when I first got my reader was about the same as paper, probably a little slower. As I got used to it, I read faster and faster. After 2 years, my reading speed and comprehension on an ereader is much higher than it ever was with paper.

    Also take into account the fact that it's much easier to hold a reader than a paper book, and I don't ever have to hunt for a bookmark.

  14. I have a study for you... by instantkamera · · Score: 2, Insightful

    This study is, as studies in general tend to be, lacking in real detail and offers no real conclusion. At best, it serves to inspire debate about shit that doesn't need debating.

    If you want to know how e-books compare to their print brethren, try an eReader or two out. Presumably, you have read countless paper-based writings, so you ought to know fairly quickly how well the format works for you.

    Sheer speed isn't necessarily the "be-all" either.

    Some reasons I have chosen the eReader format going forward:

    - Unlike someone mentioned above, "how to hold it" is far less of an issue with an object of consistent size than with varying sizes of books/novels/mags. I read a lot in bed, laying on one side or the other. This generally means that, while one page will be a totally comfortable read, the opposite side requires a change of placement of book, head, or both. Other issues arise with the size of a book and amount of pages. The start/end of a large book can be unbalanced due to the distribution of the pages, thus being difficult to read.

    - I find the same issue (how to hold) actually kept me from reading most books in public places (such as the metro, where you have limited space and time). NOw it is far easier to hold my ereader (sony 505) in one hand than most books, and I can flip the page with that same hand. This means I will actually break out a book on a 10 minute bus ride, where I did not bother to before.

    - Portability: The fact that I can carry around a TONNE of books in one tiny form-factor means I can do far more reading when I am not at home.

    - variable text size: This actually allows me to read faster as I dont find myself getting "lost" in large paragraphs of text, causing me to have to re-read parts of a book.

    - exposure to new material: Let's face it, not everyone can get published, and no one want's to read a 100+ page pdf on their computer. I think the single largest benefit to these devices is that it allows you to read things you otherwise would not be able to. It lends exposure to the "little guy" (I have friends who have written whole novels, theses etc that I am now able to read).

    There are more pros, and certainly some cons too, but the bottom line is that I am reading far MORE (and more varied) material now with my eReader than I ever was. Isn't that the most important thing.

  15. Re:Out of 7 ? by Blink+Tag · · Score: 4, Informative

    You've encountered seven point scales (often called Likert scales: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likert_scale ) in the past. [Please select the best answer]

    - Strongly disagree
    - Disagree
    - Somewhat disagree
    - Neither agree nor disagree
    - Somewhat agree
    - Agree
    - Strongly agree

  16. Re:you cannot jump 30-pages by TheRaven64 · · Score: 2, Informative

    You can't? The only eInk device that I'm familiar with is my iLiad, which has a flip switch for turning the pages. If you flick it, you turn one page, if you hold it, you turn 5. Turning 30 is relatively easy. There's also a progress bar along the bottom, and you can just tap in the middle of it to jump a significant distance. It's not as fast as jumping to a specific page in a book, but it's pretty fast. The user interface on the iLiad is pretty poor, so I'd be surprised if it wasn't faster on other devices.

    --
    I am TheRaven on Soylent News
  17. Re:you cannot jump 30-pages by bigjarom · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I am a voracious reader. I've been using a program called Palm Reader on various Palm OS devices for 5 or 6 years, for nearly all my reading needs. I can read books on my PDA way faster than a paper book, probably because I'm so accustomed to it. The only thing it's not good for is heavily annotated books like War and Peace (which I am reading right now in paper form) with all the French-English translations in the footnotes.
    Reading on a small hand-held device (currently a Palm 755p) is far superior most of the time. It provides its own illumination for night reading, it's smaller and lighter than a book, and I can store hundreds (or more) of books on it at once. The only people it would be bad for are those with poor eyesight.
    As for where I get all my ebooks, that's a discussion for a different thread.