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Researchers Zero In On Protein That Destroys HIV

Julie188 writes with this excerpt from a Loyola University news release: "Using a $225,000 microscope, researchers have identified the key components of a protein called TRIM5a that destroys HIV in rhesus monkeys. The finding could lead to new TRIM5a-based treatments that would knock out HIV in humans, said senior researcher Edward M. Campbell, PhD, of Loyola University Health System."

39 of 216 comments (clear)

  1. Oblig Rodney Dangerfield by PocariSweat1991 · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Hey everybody! We're all gonna get laid!"

    1. Re:Oblig Rodney Dangerfield by mcgrew · · Score: 5, Interesting

      The '70s will be back! You young guys are gonna love it, but the prostitutes will hate it. Back then, having sex with a woman was no bigger a deal than smoking a joint (that we were convinced would be legal once our generation took over... ha), and the best pickup line was "wanna fuck?" and women would come up to YOU and ask that.

      AIDS killed it. If this works, you guys are in for some great times.

    2. Re:Oblig Rodney Dangerfield by Monkeedude1212 · · Score: 4, Funny

      ...

      How old ARE you?

      Does your Commadore PET still work?

    3. Re:Oblig Rodney Dangerfield by Ironhandx · · Score: 5, Funny

      What do you think he's using to post you insensitive clod!

      On the other hand I've heard similar stories from my Grandfather. Made especially hilarious by the fact that he was already married to my grandmother in the 70's and he says this stuff in front of her.

    4. Re:Oblig Rodney Dangerfield by mcgrew · · Score: 5, Funny

      I was a beta tester for dirt. We never did get all the bugs out...

    5. Re:Oblig Rodney Dangerfield by gestalt_n_pepper · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Um. Aids is fatal. Herpes is annoying. For some of us, it's not even that. There's just a *little* difference.

      --
      Please do not read this sig. Thank you.
    6. Re:Oblig Rodney Dangerfield by sconeu · · Score: 3, Informative

      You weren't around in the early '80s, before AIDS became well known, were you? Herpes was the scourge of the sexual revolution.
      Then AIDS came along.

      That's why I said, Herpes was the original stab, but AIDS twisted it to kill.

      --
      General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
    7. Re:Oblig Rodney Dangerfield by Majik+Sheff · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Nobody seems to give any credence at all to the idea that maybe the puritan values on sex have a parallel to the kosher laws of Judaism and even the deep-seated cross-cultural taboos on things like cannibalism and incest. The rules came about because they provided protection from dangers both immediate and long term.

      The cultures who originated these rules may not have understood exactly why doing or not doing certain things prevented illnesses but through generations of trial and error they built up a set of superstitions that provided some meaningful protection. The advantage of the commandment/fiat format is that it is easily absorbed by young and undisciplined minds, so that even if they don't understand why they are doing something they do it anyway because they know that's what they should do.

      When you remove this framing and try to treat children (and immature adults) as consistently rational thinking beings you end up with what is effectively a total disregard for important long-standing safety rules.

      --
      Women are like electronics: you don't know how damaged they are until you try to turn them on.
  2. Re:yea. by Pojut · · Score: 5, Funny

    "I just saved a bunch of money on child support by switching to condoms!"

  3. Not ready for humans yet by Meshach · · Score: 4, Informative
    The specific protein is TRIM5a, and from TFA:

    Humans also have TRIM5a, but while the human version of TRIM5a protects against some viruses, it does not protect against HIV.

    This is exciting but it looks like it has a ways to go before it is a viable treatment for humans.

    --
    "Maybe this world is another planet's hell"
    Aldous Huxley
  4. $225,000 by the_banjomatic · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Sounds like promising research, but I'm confused by why the cost of the microscope is prominently displayed in both the press release and TFS. Is $225,000 considered cheap or expensive for a microscope these days?

    1. Re:$225,000 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      It's pretty standard for a high-end confocal microscope. Reading the actual paper:

      http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WXR-50HWJ1Y-1-14&_cdi=7165&_user=334567&_pii=S0042682210003971&_orig=browse&_coverDate=09/15/2010&_sk=995949998&view=c&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkzk&md5=19c683b5d36819b1870a7b57e48bc6a5&ie=/sdarticle.pdf

      there is nothing about a unique microscope setup. University press releases are never a good source of information.

    2. Re:$225,000 by Kitten+Killer · · Score: 3, Informative

      The 400x part is usually meaningless. It's just 40x objective and a 10x eye piece. What actually matters is the resolution.

      Resolution can be improved by things like deconvolution as used in TFS, but that's still relatively low. You can easily start flirting with 7 digit figures when you use confocal microscopy and variations of laser excitation. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscopy

    3. Re:$225,000 by Mutatis+Mutandis · · Score: 2, Informative

      A widefield deconvolution system doesn't really need a laser. Probably a lamp coupled by a liquid light guide is the better option for such a system. The excitation is not monochromatic but the illumination of the field is excellent.

      Prices for this class of laboratory equipment are rarely put on paper, because you are expected to haggle. There usually is considerable margin for negotiation. Sometimes you can beat them down by as much as a third of the list price, although 10 to 20% is more common.

      Why do you want to buy a Tsunami? It's a good laser system, but unless you have a specialization in optics or physics and are willing to spend a lot of time on tuning the system, it is better to spend your money on a laser with automatic tuning. (A Mai Tai, in Newport's case.) Performance is a bit less than a well-tuned Tsunami, but certainly good enough for most purposes, and the single box is more convenient than a Tsunami plus an external pump laser.

      Anyway, femtosecond pulsed laser systems are somewhere in the quarter-million range, but the small solid-state lasers in most confocal microscopes can be had for an order of magnitude less.

    4. Re:$225,000 by RDW · · Score: 4, Funny

      'The 400x part is usually meaningless. It's just 40x objective and a 10x eye piece.'

      Yeah, but our eyepiece goes to 11.

  5. and the $225,000 figure is relevant? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I wish they'd tell us the hair colour of the researchers too since it's probably just as relevant to the article.

  6. Cheap microscope by Kitten+Killer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    As a biologist, I have no idea why they're making such a big deal of it being a $225,000 deconvolution microscope. It's cheap compared with what most institutions have. Besides which is the fact that the microscope used isn't interesting. Any high(ish) resolution fluorescent microscope would have given you the same data. The interesting part is this TRIM5a. Let's see what happens with recombinant TRIM5a in animal studies.

    1. Re:Cheap microscope by Rotten · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I think the idea is to show that some advances are not money dependent. It's interesting to see a development on the enzyme/protein field, it's encouraging and sounds like it's moving in the right direction.

    2. Re:Cheap microscope by jd · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I suspect you're right. As for whether it's the right direction, I'm cautious. The virus mutates frighteningly fast and remarkably effectively. (Early vaccines failed because deactivated HIV could reactivate itself. That's bad.) If the researchers have shown the protein has remained effective on SIV in the wild, then it's safer ground - if a close cousin can't mutate around it, there's an excellent chance HIV can't either. As things stand, it's certainly the first candidate since the early vaccine trials that has shown a willingness to think along substantially new lines, and as such the first candidate I'm impressed by as a possibility. But until the numbers are crunched, it's not safe to anticipate. Many of the women believed to have been somehow immune to AIDS have since died from it, indicating that even sincere beliefs by experts isn't a guarantee of anything.

      (I wonder if you could use a prion-based cure. The virus is protected by proteins, so disrupting the proteins may reduce their ability to hide. and/or reduce their effectiveness. Of course, it would also swiss-cheese the brain if the wrong prions were used, but there are only a couple of known prion diseases for humans and they have extremely long incubation periods and are extremely slow in their progression in comparison.)

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    3. Re:Cheap microscope by Kitten+Killer · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I like the way you think. I like the idea of going after the protein capsid in a catalytic manner. The problem is prions are very odd and rare things in themselves.

      Technically speaking, a prion protein has to have a diseased-conformation with a lower thermodynamic energy minima than the the healthy version, otherwise it would require energy input, and thus be non-catalytic. Since most proteins are already folded to minimum energy, it's unlikely you can find a lower energy conformation that has catalytic activity for a HIV protein such as GP120 (or any other protein for that matter).

      BTW, some researchers don't believe prions are really prions. They believe a small amount of genetic material may lay hidden. These researchers aren't crackpots and demonstrating the presence of DNA/RNA inside would explain a lot of weird stuff that can't be explained when it comes to prions.

  7. Re:yea. by Monkeedude1212 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    If I had a nickel for every condom that broke on me, I could buy myself another pack of Condoms.

    Wearing protection, while it helps, is not the best way to go about staying uninfected.

    And no I'm not saying that Abstinence is the right choice either, I think I'd probably go insane. But you can, you know, develop relationships with people before sleeping with them, so theres that level of trust where you'll inform each other of any STD's or STI's. THATS the best way to stay clean while being sexually active.

    I wear one because I don't want any unwanted pregnancies. Before you jump in with "Isn't she on the pill?" - Yes, she is. Theres 2 reasons for that, one being that there are always those rare cases where the pill isn't 100% effective. The other reason being that it shouldn't be entirely her responsibility. If the odds were one in 1000 while on either the pill or using condoms, both of us doing our part makes it a 1 in a million chance instead.

  8. Re:yea. by Zeek40 · · Score: 5, Funny

    I've worn a condom every time I've had a blood transfusion, and I've never gotten HIV.

  9. Should be: by Joce640k · · Score: 3, Insightful

    "Using a big-ass microscope, researchers have..."

    --
    No sig today...
  10. Re:yea. by TooMuchToDo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Even forming relationships to trust someone isn't foolproof. They could be an STD carrier and still not tell you. Or they may not even know themselves.

  11. get ready for the resurgence of other STDs by Tumbleweed · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Once HIV is curable, people will find out the hard way that they never did come up with a cure for Herpes.

    1. Re:get ready for the resurgence of other STDs by DeadCatX2 · · Score: 3, Informative

      Why be scared of only one life-threatening illness? Hepatitis still kills you. Syphilis will still kill you, if you don't get the antibiotics. Chlamydia and gonorrhea suck, even if they don't kill you. HPV might kill you, if you're female.

      To make things more interesting, consider that people didn't start banging everything in sight once penicillin gave us the ability to cure syphilis.

      Your hypothesis would only be true if people had tunnel-vision and were under the impression that HIV is the only high-risk disease that is transmitted sexually. I postulate that those who are scared of the life-threatening consequences of HIV will continue to be scared of the life-threatening consequences from other infections. Those who might have more sex once they knew they are now safe from HIV would probably have the same amount of sex in the absence of any cure for HIV.

      The only caveat may be the gay male community. They are somewhat more HIV conscious than your average hetero folks. But most straight folks I know are terrified of all STDs, even the ones that can be cured.

      --
      :(){ :|:& };:
  12. Re:yea. by Rene+S.+Hollan · · Score: 3, Informative

    And yet, no insurer offers contraceptive-failure insurance (presumably for those who have been surgically sterilized: 1/600-1/2000 failure rate for men, and 1/300 for women), nor is a contract to abort in the event of contraceptive failure legally enforceable.

    Further, a man can be assessed child support for a child provably not his, and jailed if he does not pay. (Google "legal father" sometime, and the lack of proper service of process to allow disputing paternity within statutory limits). I suppose this is unconstitutional, but mounting a constitutional challenge is likely beyond the financial means of many caught in this trap.

    Finally, there is the case of a minor in Florida, seduced by an adult woman, who subsequently became pregnant. Florida law forbids a minor being ordered to pay child support to an adult, but as soon as he turned 18, he was hit with a a $50,000 arrears tab, and ordered to pay or go to jail.

    Abstinence, and the general avoiding of women of unknown character, is the only defense a man has if he does not want to father a child or be required to financially support one.

    --
    In Liberty, Rene
  13. Re:yea. by ThatFunkyMunki · · Score: 4, Funny

    Duh, what did you expect? A trojan horse is when the big present comes in, and all the little guys come out inside the base! Seems like a no-brainer that I wouldn't trust something like that with wrapping my schlong

    --
    If patriotism is racist, is racism patriotic?
  14. Hot Damn! by Petersko · · Score: 4, Funny

    We're one step closer to the day I can go find the freakiest, dirtiest, most disease-laden slut and hire her to do nasty, nasty things... and simply go for a single shot afterwards.

    I'm turning 40, though, so they'd better get on with it. If my emails are to be believed, I have only another thirty or forty years until pills no longer facilitate my erections.

  15. Re:So which drug company is going to buy the by Kitten+Killer · · Score: 3, Informative

    Even if you can kill the HIV virus, you still wouldn't have a cure.

    HIV is a retrovirus. It becomes part of the infected cell's genome. Any agent that kills the virus can suppress symptoms/disease but not cure people who are already infected.

    P.S. Please take off your tin-foil hat. The glare is quite annoying.

  16. So now we just have to worry about... by Rooked_One · · Score: 2, Insightful

    the anti-bacterial resistant gonorrhea

    HPV

    herpes

    Hepatitis C

    The last being the worst of them - but if a cure for AIDS is found, i'm sure HVC is right behind it - IIRC, they already use interferon and have a 50/50 success rate to put patients in remission (although the treatment is basically chemotherapy... so makes you feel like poop)

  17. Re:So the FDA can sit on it by jjohnson · · Score: 3, Insightful

    You're right: We should burn down the FDA so that the wise and beneficient pharmaceutical companies can immediately cure all our diseases with their well-tested, totally safe, and 100% effective drugs that are never mis-marketed for the sake of profit.

    --
    Anyone who loves or hates any language, platform, or manufacturer, doesn't know what they're talking about.
  18. Re:So the FDA can sit on it by TheRealMindChild · · Score: 2, Informative

    Are you actually implying that it would be better without the FDA? Think about what the FDA actually lets through (think Fen-phen and the likes)... this is shit that was clearly dangerous but the drug companies just wanted their money, and the FDA still passed it. While their methods are obviously broken to some degree, imagine no FDA. We'd go back to the 1900's where they sell snake oil for all sorts of problems with no organization to even test or approve it... it just gets thrown on the shelves. Which would you rather have?

    --

    "When life gives you lemons, don't make lemonade. Make life take the lemons back!" -- Cave Johnson
  19. Re:yea. by Rene+S.+Hollan · · Score: 2, Informative

    Not really, because "child support" includes statutory support requirements based on "earning ability" AS WELL AS discretionary expenses for the child's "special" needs, often determined by a "best interests" standard applied by the court to include state-provided psychologists, psychiatrists, and any number of professionals you now have to pay. In other words, the "child support" ordered can be unbounded, and exceed any ability you have to pay, resulting in your incarceration for not paying it.

    So, if you can put up a credible fight, you should, particularly if you are not the biological or adoptive parent of the child.

    If you are, of course, you should support your progeny to a reasonable degree. Often the amount of support ordered is unreasonable, and reflects the greatest income ever earned, rather than modern economic realities.

    --
    In Liberty, Rene
  20. Re:So the FDA can sit on it by Chris+Tucker · · Score: 4, Funny

    You read a LOT of Ayn Rand when you were a young, lonely and impressionable teenager, didn't you?

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  21. Re:yea. by Rene+S.+Hollan · · Score: 3, Informative

    In other words, caring for someone, no matter how briefly, has its consequences. Nothing new there.

    No, the specific instances are a woman gets pregnant, has a child, and seeks welfare. She names a man who has never met the child or supported the woman or ever had sex with her as the father, as required by many states to get welfare, so the state can go after the father for child support to reimburse the welfare provided. She provides an address for this man. A letter is sent there giving him a limited time to disprove paternity. Problem is, it's not his address. The usual service of process is not followed, and he is clueless as to the claim until the statute of limitations expires to contest it. He finds out when his wages start to be garnished by the state. Then, it is too late.

    Google "paternity fraid".

    In one instance, a man was ordered to pay child support for a child that didn't even exist.

    --
    In Liberty, Rene
  22. Re:yea. by Rene+S.+Hollan · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The problem stems from welfare being a federal program administered by the states. To continue to provide welfare funds to a state, the state must identify a certain percentage of absent fathers. This is so that welfare can be recovered from child support obligations. So, state legislation is passed defining the notion of a "legal father".

    The usual assumption is that this is either a biological father, a legally adopting father, or a man that has publicly acted as a father figure to the child. But, the truth is more sinister: to catch the requisite number of "fathers", the laws are very lax on the process of service requirements: often the mother just has to provide an address, and paperwork is sent there. The man is usually clueless as to the claim, and his (statutorily short) window of opportunity to dispute it until it is too late. He finds out only when his wages are garnished.

    --
    In Liberty, Rene
  23. Re:yea. by tsm_sf · · Score: 2, Funny

    Wanting a bunch of virgins is something only a virgin would want.

    --
    Literalism isn't a form of humor, it's you being irritating.
  24. Re:So which drug company is going to buy the by yyxx · · Score: 3, Interesting

    That depends on what you call a "cure". You probably carry hundreds of nearly dormant viruses around that your body can never get rid of. Yet, you wouldn't consider yourself "ill".

    If they can introduce TRIM5a into human cells and get it expressed, people would end up not needing drugs, not being infectious, and not having any symptoms. That's about as "cured" as you are of many other viral diseases.