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First Installment of Xiph.org's 'Digital Video Primer For Geeks'

Ignorant Aardvark writes "Xiph.org just released the first installment in its video series 'A Digital Video Primer For Geeks,' which covers digital audio and video fundamentals. The first video covers basic concepts of how digital audio and video are encoded, and does so in an understandable fashion. The video is hosted by Monty, the founder of Xiph.org (the people who brought you Ogg), and explains a lot of concepts (FourCC codes, YUV color space, gamma, etc.) that many watchers of digital video have long been exposed to, but don't quite understand themselves. The intent of the video series (in addition to general education) is to spur interest in digital encoding and get more free software hackers involved in digital audio/video."

58 of 86 comments (clear)

  1. Very informative and well done by leetrout · · Score: 4, Informative

    For what could be very stale subject matter Monty has done an excellent job of giving effective examples that engage and entertain.

    1. Re:Very informative and well done by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Monty was keynote speaker at Ohio Linuxfest earlier this month where he presented a teaser of this video. He is clearly very passionate about his work and his enthusiasm and delivery make audio and video codecs seem pretty exciting.

    2. Re:Very informative and well done by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Sure, if you like "talking head" videos.

      Some more graphs, equations, and animations would help... show me, don't tell me!

    3. Re:Very informative and well done by Raenex · · Score: 1

      You've got to be kidding me. The presentation was full of visual and audio demonstrations. I'm guessing you didn't even watch the video.

    4. Re:Very informative and well done by Raenex · · Score: 1

      Almost every illustration is static.

      The original complaint was about a lack of "graphs, equations, and animations". Only one of those is not static. The whiteboard illustrations that you are now dismissing are part of the "show" and tell, equivalent to graphs and equations. There were plenty of audio demonstrations (that's not static). There were also some video demonstrations. In sum, if you are the original Anonymous Coward, you are changing your tune and full of shit.

      What I found more amusing is that the presenter ("Monty" Montgomery) mentions at one point how digital media can be copied, stored, manipulated, and transmitted with no loss of quality compared to analog. Then I skipped around the video a little bit and it fell out of sync, and I noted numerous dropouts and freezes during playback (thanks, Java!).

      Try copying a single analog video from person to person, in analog. Compare the original with the 6th copy. Now do the same thing with digital. Try sending out your analog copy over the Internet, in analog.

      The digital revolution is not all it was cracked up to be.

      Whiners aren't all they are cracked up to be.

    5. Re:Very informative and well done by Raenex · · Score: 1

      What the fuck is your problem, dude?

      I have this aversion to bullshit and feel the need to speak out against it.

      Look, all I'm saying is that this video would be a lot better if they took advantage of the medium.

      No, all you are doing is making uninformed and whiny complaints, while continuing to move the goalposts after each response.

      Whoosh! The point here is that for all the advantages of copying and transmission fidelity with digital, it still gives you a shit experience when things go wrong.

      Oh no, there was a minor bug in the player! That must negate all the advantages! Better go back to magnetic tape, because it was so perfect. Back then we had mechanical fast forward and rewind buttons. It was slow, and we liked it! The tape quality would degrade over time, and we liked it! Sometimes the tape would get chewed up. We liked that too! Our VCRs had tracking problems, and we liked it!

      The point is that you're a whiny bitch making shallow complaints about a vastly superior format and a well-done educational video.

    6. Re:Very informative and well done by Raenex · · Score: 1

      All you did was make uninformed and whiny complaints, while continuing to move the goalposts after each response. Sorry to repeat myself.

  2. Why? by dangitman · · Score: 3, Funny

    Why does it have to be "for geeks"? Why can't it just be for people who are interested in digital video? I guess people who bite the heads off chickens at carnivals need their own special perspective on the topic, but I can't imagine that those people constitute a very significant market segment when it comes to video.

    --
    ... and then they built the supercollider.
    1. Re:Why? by matthiasvegh · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Also, don't geeks already know these things? I mean seriously, I understand the general public not getting the difference between say, lossy and lossless compression, but a geek?

    2. Re:Why? by dangitman · · Score: 1, Funny

      I understand the general public not getting the difference between say, lossy and lossless compression, but a geek?

      Huh? I think that geeks typically know less than the general public. For example, your average member of the general public is intelligent enough to not choose a career that involves biting the heads off chickens. I'm not sure why you think that this particular career choice would involve specific knowledge about video compression.

      --
      ... and then they built the supercollider.
  3. Hrm by iluvcapra · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I wish they'd just written an ebook, I think sometimes people lose sight of trying to impart useful information, and get wrapped up in making the information "fun and accessible." You could probably get twice the amount of information reading in an hour rather than watching someone mug in a video -- making it "entertaining" will only make the information more accessible to people who are likely never to use it.

    PS. Available as OGG and WebM. Is Xiph working for Google now?

    --
    Don't blame me, I voted for Baltar.
    1. Re:Hrm by mindspillage · · Score: 5, Informative

      Better than an ebook--there's a wiki page with a full transcript and helpful screenshots: http://wiki.xiph.org/A_Digital_Media_Primer_For_Geeks_(episode_1)

    2. Re:Hrm by SIR_Taco · · Score: 4, Funny

      I'm just a little skeptical....

      If it were really a primer for geeks it would have started at Episode IV

      --
      I say don't drink and drive, you might spill your drink. Before you get behind the wheel just stop and think.
    3. Re:Hrm by iluvcapra · · Score: 1

      The problem with a transcript is the information density is very low, because it's still built around the typical talking-head conventions. I saw the wiki page, and it's exactly what I didn't want. I wanted what they wanted to say, not what everyone on the internet helpfully wants to add.

      --
      Don't blame me, I voted for Baltar.
    4. Re:Hrm by goodmanj · · Score: 5, Informative

      I wish they'd just written an ebook

      Did you watch the bits where he demonstrated the difference between 8-bit linear audio vs 8-bit -law by manipulating the audio of his voice Or showed what clipping and Nyquist frequency aliasing sound like? Or showed the content contained in the Y, U, and V video channels by displaying them onscreen?

      Try *that* with a book.

      In general, I agree with you that a page of text is worth an hour of video, but in this case, the video is worth its weight in gold. And Xiph doesn't waste any time either: that video goes *fast*.

    5. Re:Hrm by iluvcapra · · Score: 1

      Sorry, I'm in a fuddy duddy mood tonight, I commend your patience.

      --
      Don't blame me, I voted for Baltar.
    6. Re:Hrm by mindspillage · · Score: 1

      Heh. It's a pipe dream anyway that "everyone on the internet" would be even remotely interested enough to read the page, much less add to it--at last glance, the current text is entirely by the authors of the video and/or people at least tangentially associated with xiph.org...

    7. Re:Hrm by geminidomino · · Score: 1

      This.

      I'm not saying that instructional videos are all bad, but things are getting a little out of hand when shit like "fill a range of columns in OpenOffice Calc" gets a goddamn VIDEO instead of the less than 2 paragraphs (or even better, less than 10 steps) needed to impart the damn knowledge.

      Do we have a term for stuff like this? Using tech for completely inappropriate purposes solely because it exists?

    8. Re:Hrm by Roman+Mamedov · · Score: 1, Informative

      > I wish they'd just written an ebook
      You mean something like this one? http://en.flossmanuals.net/theoracookbook

    9. Re:Hrm by chaboud · · Score: 1

      I'm sorry...

      Your message was too long for me to finish.

      Can you make a video?

    10. Re:Hrm by KingFrog · · Score: 1

      Nah...it would start out as a stand-alone, then get re-titled as Episode IV when the sequel came out.

    11. Re:Hrm by NoMaster · · Score: 1

      Did you watch the bits where he demonstrated the difference between 8-bit linear audio vs 8-bit -law by manipulating the audio of his voice Or showed what clipping and Nyquist frequency aliasing sound like? Or showed the content contained in the Y, U, and V video channels by displaying them onscreen?

      Try *that* with a book.

      Actually, I've seen all of those quite well presented in magazine articles & books, using graphs, images, and waveform diagrams which have the advantage of actually showing you what's going on (e.g. decreased dynamic range / increased SNR; flattened waveforms from clipping; the effects of sub-Nyquist sampling in both the temporal and frequency domains (non-representative sampling & 'wrap-around / mirror' effect); separate colour images & graphs of their relative sensitivity to the human eye (which leads in nicely to how colourspace sub-sampling & compression works in both analogue & digital realms); etc.)

      As my snarky co-commenter points out: if only there were some way of distributing text, images, audio, and video together to weave a deep, engaging, and coherent narrative for anybody to peruse at their leisure...

      And as is often the case with information videos, they ignore an important corollary to an old maxim: While a picture may be worth a thousand words, a thousand words often beats 24 pictures a second.

      But as long as the next one patiently explains to the average person the difference between containers, codecs, and contents, I'll be a happy man. I'm getting sick of explaining why "it's an .avi file!" is a useless thing to tell me when a file won't play...

      --
      What part of "a well regulated militia" do you not understand?
    12. Re:Hrm by LingNoi · · Score: 1

      Yes, you can waffle on in an ebook but then you'd get significantly less people interested which is counter productive to what the presenter is trying to do.

    13. Re:Hrm by CrashandDie · · Score: 1

      Well, first of all, because watching people is a lot more interesting than reading things. We've been doing it (watching people talk, and understanding a lot more than from paper) for literally millions of years. Reading? Not so much. Maybe a few hundred years.

      Chris Anderson recently had a talk at TED describing why video is so important. There are many things you just cannot describe easily with words or graphs. I'm pretty sure that all the information imparted in those videos is readily available in a bunch of papers, RFCs or... papers. But in one easy-to-read page that will get people motivated? Probably not.

    14. Re:Hrm by RMH101 · · Score: 1

      I bought a dirt-cheap MD80 video camera off eBay which arrived yesterday. To change the timestamp it puts on the video, you need to include a text file on the root of the SD card, but the instructions are in Chinglish and don't make sense. I googled the answer and eventually found a 5 minute Youtube video that gave me the answer, which boiled down to "save a file called TAG.TXT on root, that contains the lines:
      [date]
      2010:09:24
      09:00:00

      That was it. Five minutes of watching some fool click around his desktop, for this information. A picture may be worth a thousand words, but sometimes a Youtube video is worth about 20...

    15. Re:Hrm by bemenaker · · Score: 1

      Representing that with graphs and pictures does work well with the scientific mind, but even then you still have to abstract what you think it produces in the real world. Sometimes, nothing beats hard real examples.

    16. Re:Hrm by hedronist · · Score: 1

      Actually, it is "law", which is shorthand for mu-law. (I tried to use the HTML entity for mu but Slashdot's system ate it.)

    17. Re:Hrm by Ant+P. · · Score: 1

      Episode IV? But that would imply there were three episodes before it, which is wrong.

    18. Re:Hrm by iluvcapra · · Score: 1

      This is a user manual, it has very little for the developer.

      --
      Don't blame me, I voted for Baltar.
    19. Re:Hrm by pugugly · · Score: 1

      As someone that has tried to figure out even the basics of codecs from various websites, if he can make it simple enough to bring some clarity to it more power to him.

      Ever reference I have seen on the web made me feel like a kindergartner trying to understand the mathematics of quantum physics.

      Pug

      --
      An Invisible Entity of Vast Power whose existence must be taken on faith alone: Liberal Media
    20. Re:Hrm by goodmanj · · Score: 1

      I meant mu-law. I got fancy in my original post and threw down a Unicode "mu", but Slashdot ate it. Greek slashdot readers should sue.

    21. Re:Hrm by sjames · · Score: 1

      Wow, you vegans are getting really militant. /. eats one lousy mu and you play the lawyer card...

  4. You've got it backwards by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    Available as OGG and WebM. Is Xiph working for Google now?

    Xiph.Org has been pushing for unencumbered codecs for over a decade and contributed to the creation of webm.

    It might be more fair to say "WebM? Is Google working for Xiph now?"

    Yes. Yes they are, and it is so sweet. Don't be evil sill means a little something sometimes.

    1. Re:You've got it backwards by dangitman · · Score: 2

      Don't be evil sill means a little something sometimes.

      I'll remember that next time I'm baking a non-evil pie, and set it out to cool on my evil windowsill.

      --
      ... and then they built the supercollider.
  5. Patent issues by WarJolt · · Score: 1

    It would be nice if there was an episode about compression algorithms. Pretty much the whole video is about raw audio and video.

    1. Re:Patent issues by goodmanj · · Score: 2, Insightful

      As I understand it, this is the first in a series, and explaining the raw data formats is the place to start. I assume compression algorithms will be covered in a followup. Or many followups.

  6. Nice video by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    As a geek who previously spent all his time keeping *nix and windows systems running happily together, this was enough information to give me a curiousity spike, and enough information to google around.

    Great video, and I hope there is more to come. Although I suspect the next video will be much less informative as I will be much more informed.

    Good job Xiph.

  7. Very Informative by turkeyfish · · Score: 5, Interesting

    For someone only partially familiar with video and audio encoding, this was a particularly clear and informative video. It also serves as an excellent example of the direction more Open Source efforts need to take. Mini lectures that bring some human explanation.

    Your comment about an ebooks and wikis, is well taken and follow-ups to "flesh out" the information would be an extremely helpful next step to break down the various issues under discussion, as well as provide further instruction on how specifically to address various issues needed to bring the user community "up to speed". This is excellent in that it makes clear that although challenging this kind of knowledge need not be inaccessible.

    The organization would do well to provide more mini-lectures to expand on each of the topics in greater detail and follow it up with outlined summaries, tutorials and soft-ware coding and details about hardware choices that are available and supported on open-source systems. This would be helpful to everyone as it would give developers and a more general class of users more power in the marketplace, as new projects develop and bring with them new communities of enthusiasts and students. For example, those interested in higher resolution video or high speed video, or audio-video interfaces could each bring critical mass to more specialized areas that in turn could stimulate interest by hardware vendors in meeting the specific needs of such users.

    Given that the closed source, proprietary society model is rapidly taking over everything else, those who want a modicum of freedom expression and fair markets, open software has the potential to do much to serve under-appreciated, under-served, and under-funded audiences the world over. Thats good for everyone, especially in a world where it grows easier and easier to be discouraged.

    Really a great open source contribution. My congratulations to Monty and the rest of the crew at Xiph.org.

    1. Re:Very Informative by iluvcapra · · Score: 1

      Recourse to audio-visual aids, like videos, "presentations" and PowerPoint are a serious indicator that the speaker does not completely understand the concept involved, or is attempting to force an unsupportable conclusion.

      Not in this case, though. I'm currently seeding the video...

      --
      Don't blame me, I voted for Baltar.
  8. Careful what you wishfor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    We came _this_ close to making the caption text use the hyperlinks from the wiki, but if we did that no one would ever finish watching!

  9. The terminology is explained in the Wiki version. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    It would have been three hours long and covered half as much stuff it they took the time to explain every detail. Checkout the wiki for pointers to tons of background material.

  10. The guy has a talent by melted · · Score: 5, Insightful

    He should seriously consider doing this for a living. One of the best lectures I have ever seen. I knew 99% of this stuff already (and more), but the presentation was _flawless_.

    1. Re:The guy has a talent by dargaud · · Score: 1

      Excellent video but... what the heck is he drinking at the end ?!?

      --
      Non-Linux Penguins ?
    2. Re:The guy has a talent by nanomanc · · Score: 1, Informative

      Not so flawless for me - the link greys out firefox for more than 10 seconds and then there is no sound :(

    3. Re:The guy has a talent by Logic+and+Reason · · Score: 1

      Looks like an iced latte of some kind, maybe chai?

    4. Re:The guy has a talent by JimboG · · Score: 1

      I'm guessing bubble tea. It has little jelly balls in it. Very tasty.

  11. Re:The terminology is explained in the Wiki versio by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Having a bunch of links of stuff you couldn't be bothered to explain to arcane Wikipedia articles is not incredibly helpful to beginners. If it were we'd wouldn't need teachers and everyone could just use books.
    I'm only focusing on this because at the start of the video they acknowledge beginners but then barely cater for them at all.
    Maybe I just have a differing definition of a beginner, I would think a beginner would be someone who doesn't even really understand what binary is beyond it has something to do with 1s and 0s let alone a fast fourier transform.

  12. Re:The terminology is explained in the Wiki versio by fbjon · · Score: 1

    Anyone who watches a 'Digital video primer for Geeks' is hardly a complete beginner. If you don't understand what binary is, you're really way out of your depth. Now, Fourier transforms may be more advanced, but the video tells you everything you need to know. In fact, possibly a bit too much detail just for an introduction. The frequency domain will likely be explained better later on, as compression enters the picture.

    --
    True confidence comes not from realising you are as good as your peers, but that your peers are as bad as you are.
  13. Thanks for the videos! by NemosomeN · · Score: 2, Insightful

    And I'd love to watch them, but you decided to only post them in your own, unpopular and inefficient codecs/containers, and none of my media players support it. If they are trying to get people interested in free/open video encoding, they shouldn't post in a format that assumes the audience already cares about it. Won't be watching. Assholes. (Yes, I know they won't read this).

    --
    I hate grammar Nazi's.
    1. Re:Thanks for the videos! by Bram+Stolk · · Score: 2

      Tried watching on iPad but could not do so.

      --
      Bram Stolk http://stolk.org/tlctc/
    2. Re:Thanks for the videos! by sumday · · Score: 1, Troll

      Jesus christ, that's like me complaining that I can't see the slashdot logo because I'm browsing the web in lynx. Get VLC and stop being a dick.

      --
      sudo killall humans
    3. Re:Thanks for the videos! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      I can see the slashdot logo in Lynx it looks like this /.

      Perhaps you need to update your version of your browser the latest version of Lynx is a modern browser that can convert images to Ascii Art - can you believe that Ascii Art!! I tell you man, Wow just WoW!
      And the best feature of all is that it looks like the matrix when it is displaying animated images and videos. In fact, Neo is coming over to watch a movie with my VLC pluging for Lynx. Good times man, Good times!

    4. Re:Thanks for the videos! by coryking · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Ditto. Tried to find it on YouTube... No dice. The least they could do is upload it to YouTube (or the much better vimeo). On YouTube it would play everywhere, including through the media player hooked up to the tv.

      Which sucks because I wanted to watch it. I certainly ain't gonna go use my "real" computer.

      Stupid FOSS politics. Gets in the way of actually doing useful things.

    5. Re:Thanks for the videos! by thomasvs · · Score: 1

      There were always be complainers... The title clearly says 'for geeks'. If you are unable to install a newer version of Firefox, Chrome, or Opera, then clearly you are not a geek and hence this presentation is not for you.

  14. Great Video! - Can't wait for the sequel! by jimwelch · · Score: 1

    Excellent presenter!
    Flawless editing!
    Appropriate special effects!
    The last chapter seemed a little out of place and out of character - maybe a teaser?
    As a former TV geek(35 years ago, before I heard the siren call of software), I followed everything except the dot placement choices.

    --
    Never trust a man wearing a coat and tie!
  15. Re:player question by sparrowhead · · Score: 1

    Your VLC must be out of date if it cannot handle it. My 1.1.4 plays Webm just fine. There are links to others here

  16. Re:player question by dudeeh · · Score: 1

    I also had some trouble playing it, I keep my ubuntu one release behind the "current" release for stability reasons so it is outdated but only slightly so.
    Webm wouldn't work with any of my installed programs, and even the ogv file caused some trouble which is...unusual. It's been a few years since i got a video i couldn't play out of the box on my linux system.
    I ended up playing the video in...firefox :) (don't know which plugin it uses or if it's the native video tag at this point)

    Disclaimer: i know very little of media so it is likely classic PEBCAK. Ironically my ignorance almost prevented me from watching the very thing that would at least try to shed some light on the subject.

    That said, the video is immensely interesting; I studied electronics (quite a while ago now) so a lot of it was familiar if deeply buried and for me it was about the right tempo, but I would imagine people with no introduction to the given material would have a hard time keeping up.

    Anyway, cudos to the creator, it is a rare art to make something that "complex" accessible in 30 minutes.

  17. Re:The terminology is explained in the Wiki versio by pugugly · · Score: 1

    Frankly, as someone that has tried several times to figure out codecs past the 'something ffmpeg takes as input in format a and spits out as format b", so far this is the best intro I've ever had. It makes assumptions that I know computers at a basic level . . . and that's it.

    I'm definitely watching this all the way through.

    Pug

    --
    An Invisible Entity of Vast Power whose existence must be taken on faith alone: Liberal Media