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Life Found In Deepest Layer of Earth's Crust

michaelmarshall writes "For the first time, life has been found in the gabbroic layer of the crust. The new biosphere is all bacteria, as you might expect, but they are different from the bacteria in the layers above; they mostly feed on hydrocarbons that are produced by abiotic reactions deep in the crust. It could mean that similar microbes are living even deeper, perhaps even in the mantle."

52 of 335 comments (clear)

  1. Living under surface by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This got me thinking an interesting idea.

    Why don't humans populate more of the inner earth? Sure, most people don't like the environment just like that, but you can build it. Make fake environments. In the end, they will look and feel natural too. You can also easily get rid of gasses and other pollution problem by dumping them upwards.

    And if you go deep enough, who owns the land? Can you start a new country like lets say, 50 kilometers below surface?

    1. Re:Living under surface by Philomage · · Score: 5, Funny

      Gentlemen, we cannot afford to allow a mineshaft gap!

    2. Re:Living under surface by LordLimecat · · Score: 5, Informative

      You feel like financing this project? And setting up contingincies for things like "there is a leak and the pacific is starting to seep in"? And dealing with the phenomenal pressures that will be exerted?

    3. Re:Living under surface by Defenestrar · · Score: 3, Funny

      It's fastest with a diamond pick.

    4. Re:Living under surface by SteeldrivingJon · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "I don't know how to describe it - I can give you a list of problems, like Ventillation, Heating, Vitamin D - which all have obvious solutions available,"

      You mean cooling. In deep mines, it gets pretty hot. Temperature increases by 30-50 degrees Celsius for each kilometer of depth.

      --
      September 2011: Looking for Cocoa/iOS work in Boston area Cocoa Programmer Quincy, MA
    5. Re:Living under surface by Shakrai · · Score: 2

      What you're suggesting would not be worth it unless we actually ran out of surface space.

      I'm not even sure it would be worth it then. Wouldn't living on or under the oceans be cheaper than living underground?

      --
      I want peace on earth and goodwill toward man.
      We are the United States Government! We don't do that sort of thing.
    6. Re:Living under surface by SteeldrivingJon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Central Greenland or the depths of the Gobi desert would be even easier, and there's plenty of room.

      --
      September 2011: Looking for Cocoa/iOS work in Boston area Cocoa Programmer Quincy, MA
    7. Re:Living under surface by ThatMegathronDude · · Score: 3, Funny

      s/Terrorist/Creeper

    8. Re:Living under surface by hedwards · · Score: 5, Insightful

      While we're not running out of room, at least in most parts of the world, we are running the risk of running out of food and clean water. Space doesn't do you a damned bit of good if you haven't got food and water.

    9. Re:Living under surface by Wyatt+Earp · · Score: 2, Informative

      The ownership of the subsurface would belong to the surface owners all the way to the core.

      Now some rights - water and mineral rights - don't always belong to the surface holder, an example in the US is on Indian Reservations, mineral rights remain under the control of the US Department of Interior.

      50 km under Kansas would still be Kansas.

      We don't populate the subsurface because it's a nasty place, hot and wet.

    10. Re:Living under surface by Nadaka · · Score: 3, Funny

      But if you dig too deep, you will release the clowns. Nothing says oops like busting through an adamantine cavern and finding yourself facing a spirit of fire.

    11. Re:Living under surface by toleraen · · Score: 3, Insightful

      So just design the structure so that it floats. Maybe call it a boat, or a ship or something. Probably something that cruises around the ocean. I mean it worked for houses with wheels...you never hear of a trailer park getting hit by a tornado.

    12. Re:Living under surface by mcgrew · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Why don't humans populate more of the inner earth?

      I can think of several reasons.

      1. There's no need to. There is plenty of land aboveground.
      2. Most toxic gasses (esp corbon monoxide) are heavier than air and hard to pump out
      3. It gets hotter the further down you go
      4. Do YOU want to live in a windowless space?
      5. travel to and from the surface would take a LOT more time than an equal distance travelled on the surface
      6. The whole idea is energy-intensive at a time when we need to conserve energy

      That's just a few reasons from the top of my head.

    13. Re:Living under surface by pk001i · · Score: 2, Informative

      Those are both continental crust, which a different animal. You would never actually hit either basalt or gabbro in continental crust, because continental crust is chemically different than oceanic crust. Also one of the goals of IODP expedition 304* and 305 was to drill through the oceanic Moho, the seismic reflection that defines where crust stops and where mantle begins. At the Atlantic Massif, this is pretty close to the surface due to its location adjacent to the Mid-Atlantic spreading center, and was thought to exist at depths less than 1 km. On continental crust the Moho is much deeper, normally 60-80 km deep. Drilling 1 km in the ocean is easier than drilling 60 on land. *Disclaimer, I sailed 304.

      --
      Opinions were like kittens, I was giving them away.
    14. Re:Living under surface by Tr3vin · · Score: 2, Funny

      Our creepers are even worse.

    15. Re:Living under surface by PatPending · · Score: 3, Funny
      [Strangelove's plan for post-nuclear war survival involves living underground with a 10:1 female-to-male ratio]

      General "Buck" Turgidson: Doctor, you mentioned the ratio of ten women to each man. Now, wouldn't that necessitate the abandonment of the so-called monogamous sexual relationship, I mean, as far as men were concerned?

      Dr. Strangelove: Regrettably, yes. But it is, you know, a sacrifice required for the future of the human race. I hasten to add that since each man will be required to do prodigious service along these lines, the women will have to be selected for their sexual characteristics which will have to be of a highly stimulating nature.

      Ambassador de Sadesky: I must confess, you have an astonishingly good idea there, Doctor.

      --
      What one fool can do, another can. (Ancient Simian Proverb)
    16. Re:Living under surface by natehoy · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Depends on your scale and/or materials choice. You could build a series of medium-sized boats loosely linked together so they could ride waves as a flexible "mat", yet the width of the "mat" would prevent any of the boats from capsizing. If you got caught in a severe storm, it might be a rough ride, but you'd be better off than your landlocked brethren as long as you built it pretty solidly.

      Or you could build one massively huge rigid ship that would be big enough to simply ignore any waves under 100 feet high, if you have the materials. Built it massively wide and long, or even make it a circular shape with something along the edges to break up moderate-sized waves (a series of partial breakwaters, for example, akin to a barrier reef), and it'll be pretty immune to capsizing.

      And, of course, it's not an island, it's a ship. A ship floating on water, not fixed to a given location like an island (unless you want it that way, in which case the tropics would be a poor choice). Give it some maneuverability and it can just, you know, maneuver. Leave the tropical zone during storm season, or move out of a storm's way (or at least try to avoid the worst of it) if one is nearby. You don't have to control the weather, just head to where the weather is nicer.

      --
      "This post contains words, known to the State of California to cause thought. Wash brain thoroughly after reading."
    17. Re:Living under surface by spun · · Score: 2, Informative

      Just set up a cave-in atop your adamantine mines. A long row of doors should slow the clowns down enough to let your miner escape. When the fun starts, pull the lever and seal them back in.

      --
      - None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license. -- John Milton
    18. Re:Living under surface by Ellis+D.+Tripp · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Indian tribes own 3% of petroleum and gas reserves in the USA and 15% of coal.

      Sure. Until the day comes that Uncle Sam or one of his corporate owners wants them. Then their "ownership" will be respected about as well as all the other treaties have been over the last few hundred years....

      --
      Remember "News for Nerds, Stuff that Matters"? Help make it a reality again! http://soylentnews.org
    19. Re:Living under surface by Rockoon · · Score: 4, Funny

      Molecule slow-downer.

      --
      "His name was James Damore."
    20. Re:Living under surface by Jeng · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If we have no warning then yea you make a good point, but if we have warning then we can evacuate people to an alternate place to live.

      --
      Don't know something? Look it up. Still don't know? Then ask.
    21. Re:Living under surface by Gilmoure · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Oh, sure, spread us out around the solar system but you get just one rogue neutron star wandering through and WHAMMO! Next thing you know you're having to go out scrabbling for a pail of air.

      --
      I drank what? -- Socrates
    22. Re:Living under surface by wed128 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Overpopulation is therefore a self-correcting issue.

    23. Re:Living under surface by hoggoth · · Score: 2, Informative

      > Yes - I knew that too - I just couldn't think of the word for conditioning air...

      This may be a local colloquialism but around here the word for 'conditioning air' is 'AIR CONDITIONING'.
      You're welcome.
       

      --
      - For the complete works of Shakespeare: cat /dev/random (may take some time)
    24. Re:Living under surface by More_Cowbell · · Score: 2, Informative

      You sir, failed geology 101, I'm guessing.

      --
      Experience teaches only the teachable. -AH
    25. Re:Living under surface by Chris+Burke · · Score: 2, Funny

      50 km under Kansas would still be Kansas.

      Ah, such charming naiveté, such amusing nonsense.

      50 km under Kansas would be Kansas, were it not actually Khan'saxz, empire of The Dusty Ancient One, who thankfully is content to rule the followers he crafted from nightmares given substance. Were you to dig down to those depths your life would surely be forfeit, if you were truly fortunate and did not instead lose your sanity and your soul.

      Just sayin'. Don't dig under Kansas. Bad idea.

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
  2. Just proving the rule.... by Dexter+Herbivore · · Score: 2, Funny

    yet again, life is ubiquitous.

    1. Re:Just proving the rule.... by Defenestrar · · Score: 3, Funny

      I for one welcome our ubiquitous underlords

    2. Re:Just proving the rule.... by RsG · · Score: 2, Informative

      This started out with the little shit claiming someone was an idiot for saying life was ubiquitous. He was utterly failed to prove his initial point.

      Which is because he's a troll.

      Note the username, which has a string of numbers at the end, numbers which aren't part of the UID. Further note that he's posting with more than one account, same name, different numbers, in this thread.

      Do a search on the name, without the numbers. You'll find it's sock puppets all the way down. Check the posting history for any of his accounts, nothing but -1 Trolls. You'll also see him repeating a few lines ad nauseam, arguing with himself and generally crying out for attention.

      It's just some script kiddie with too much time on his hands getting around the moderation system for shits and giggles.

      --
      Erotic is when you use a feather. Exotic is when you use the whole chicken.
    3. Re:Just proving the rule.... by spun · · Score: 2, Informative

      Well, thanks. Now I feel dumb.

      --
      - None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license. -- John Milton
  3. have they named it yet? by circletimessquare · · Score: 4, Funny

    if not, it should be Bacillus Balrogus

    "The humans dug too greedily and deep. You know what they awoke in the darkness of the Chilean copper mine... shadow and flame... and Bacillus Balrogus!"

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    1. Re:have they named it yet? by Shadow+Wrought · · Score: 2, Funny

      Far, far below the deepest delvings of the Dwarves, the world is gnawed by nameless things

      Glenn Beck?

      --
      If brevity is the soul of wit, then how does one explain Twitter?
  4. Re:Ergo oil by MozeeToby · · Score: 4, Informative

    Even if the source is from bacteria instead of peat moss (not dinosaurs), that still doesn't address the rate problem. So far as we know, oil is basically stable at the levels we drill for it, it doesn't decompose into something else over time. If that's true, that means that the deposits that we have access to took millions and millions of years to become as large as they are; in other words, oil still isn't a renewing resource, even ignoring the other long term problems involved in burning hydrocarbons for our energy production.

  5. Re:Ergo oil by AdamHaun · · Score: 3, Funny

    That doesn't do anything about global warming, though.

    --
    Visit the
  6. Life elsewhere... by scubamage · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It amazes me that people don't believe there's no life elsewhere in the universe when we're still discovering it in new forms here at home, with new ways of doing things, in new seemingly impossible places. I for one welcome our new microbial hydrocarbon munching leaders.

    1. Re:Life elsewhere... by tylersoze · · Score: 2, Informative

      Yeah but a subtle point is the bacteria probably didn't *originate* under those conditions. The bacteria more than likely evolved from bacteria living in more life friendly conditions.

    2. Re:Life elsewhere... by WrongMonkey · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That's funny, because I was thinking about the opposite conclusion. The fact that life is astoundingly ubiquitous on Earth makes a stark contrast with its complete absence from any other other worlds we've studied. It says something about the profound uniqueness of Earth that we haven't found any traces of life elsewhere.

  7. Re:pervasive by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    That sounds like a challange to me.

  8. Re:Ergo oil by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Wait a minute, these bacteria are feeding on hydrocarbons... they're not producing oil, they're eating it. Oil that rightfully belongs to us (and by us, I mean oil companies of course). Those bastards! I say we nuke them all. (The oil companies I mean, not the bacteria.)

  9. Re:Ergo oil by Burnhard · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Yes, the rate is the issue. I expect some fields would re-fill with oil, given the number of fissures and cracks that are probably around the field itself. The oil would drain into the well from these places, wouldn't it?

  10. Re:pervasive by Sinning · · Score: 2, Funny

    Unless we're using it's hydrocarbon fuel supply to drive to Atlantic City every weekend to binge on hookers and blow.

  11. Re:Ergo oil by DigiShaman · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Exactly. Someone once said before that drilling for oil is a lot like sticking a straw into a wet sponge, not a Capri Sun. It's a good analogy, I like it.

    --
    Life is not for the lazy.
  12. Re:Ergo oil by mcrbids · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The sheer amount of chutzpah passing in place of intelligence in this post is just... astounding. It's like stupid has become legitimized!

    Ergo the oil argument that much of our oil supply is made from bacteria and not old dinosaurs.

    Which has what to do with sustainability, again? You imply sustainability by mentioning it in the next sentence.

    If the bacteria is supplied from the crust inside the earth, the oil fields can replenish and oil becomes much more sustainable than before.

    I mean... wow! It's just like farming!

    We know almost *nothing* about this process, except that the metabolic rate of these bacteria are mind numbingly slow. We're talking at rates where a single reproduction is a thousand years in length. Just how long are you willing to wait for your next tank of gas?

    Any way you look at this the findings become politically charged as the impact this has on our future energy supply could be enormous

    Unless, of course, you look at this with something other than stupid. Get that out of the way, and you see that this changes about as much the grass growth on your lawn over the next 3.5 minutes.

    With a little bit of googling you can readily find oil fields from old that have mysteriously started refilling with oil.

    This happens in all wells, either with Oil or Water. It's not like there's a bladder down under ground and we're going to empty it. Oil and water are present in the fissures and pores of the surrounding rocks and soil. When you pump out the water/oil, you create a low pressure point, and fluid seeps from the surrounding soil. It's only in the case of extreme ignorance that this effect seems remarkable.

    Your post is an extremely good example of why relying on the "wisdom of the crowds" can instead be relying on the "stupid foibles and commonly mistunderstood ideas" of the crowds.

    --
    I have no problem with your religion until you decide it's reason to deprive others of the truth.
  13. Re:Ergo oil by pk001i · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The carbon would come from the atmosphere and go back.

    How exactly does atmospheric carbon penetrate the kilometers of sediment and rock needed to reach most oceanic gabbros?

    --
    Opinions were like kittens, I was giving them away.
  14. Anti-oil (was Re:Ergo oil) by DragonWriter · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Ergo the oil argument that much of our oil supply is made from bacteria and not old dinosaurs. If the bacteria is supplied from the crust inside the earth, the oil fields can replenish and oil becomes much more sustainable than before.

    You seem to miss the part where TFA notes that bacteria found deep in the crust degrade the hydrocarbons, which are produced by abiotic processes. That's pretty much the opposite of having an oil supply made from bacteria.

  15. Re:Ergo oil by SlashDotDotDot · · Score: 2, Funny

    I used to really like the word "ergo". Now it just makes me think of the Architect from those fake Matrix sequels.

    --
    /...
  16. Re:pervasive by GreenTom · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Oh, I dunno, rats, cockroaches, mosquitos, mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  17. Re:Ergo oil by Spy+der+Mann · · Score: 4, Informative

    RTFA. (Or the summary, for that matter). The oil there is produced ABIOTICALLY. i.e. from chemical reactions that have nothing to do with dinosaurs, OR bacteria. That, and the bacteria found there don't produce, but eat the hydrocarbons.

  18. Re:IODP Drilling sponsored by BP, Big Oil et. al by Muros · · Score: 2, Insightful

    If by "these guys" you mean BP, I wouldn't really be any more worried by that than any other drilling company, in fact I might actually feel a bit better about it. One thing that became clear during the whole recent fuckup in the gulf, was that despite the involvement of numerous companies in the monumental screw up, many of them equally culpable, the only ones with the balls to stand up and say "we could have done better" was vilified as an evil foreign company, while government officials were quite happy to let the indiginous companies who pay them fat wads of cash in brown paper bags weasel their way out of any responsibility, and let the press denounce dem greedy furriners and villify them in the eyes of the public. A company that at least took the heat and didn't try to wriggle their way out of it has some redeeming qualities, despite what I may think of them in general.

  19. A Separate Origin of Life? by krsmav · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Since archaea (the oldest life forms) were absent in the layer where these life forms were found, it suggests that there was a "second creation" of life. If so, they should have a separate form of DNA (or the equivalent). . . .

  20. Re:Ergo oil by chrb · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Any way you look at this the findings become politically charged as the impact this has on our future energy supply could be enormous. With a little bit of googling you can readily find oil fields from old that have mysteriously started refilling with oil.

    Abiogenic oil, the great oil conspiracy theory. Which of these is the more likely:

    • There is a global conspiracy between oil corporations, national governments, and academics to push the accepted "fake" theory that oil reserves were created by compressed and heated biomass. The aim of this is to create an artificial scarcity and control the world, when in fact oil is plentiful, constantly regenerating, and can be found everywhere.
    • There is no global conspiracy. Oil reserves really were created from biomass, natural oil really is a scare resource, and the oil fields will eventually run dry.

    If oil fields refill, then why isn't the U.S. still producing large amounts of oil? Why did the U.S. hit peak oil and become reliant on Middle Eastern oil? Do people really believe that this is just a big conspiracy, and that the various U.S. governments since 1970 when the U.S. hit peak oil have all been in on the conspiracy? Why would they do this? What would they gain from this? Hmm.

  21. 9km in sedimentary rock by peter303 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Bacteria have been found in the deepest holes drilled fro petroleum prospecting. The temperature has to be below 120C however. This is sedimentary rock where the bacteria was probably buried at the same time the sediments were deposited.
    The rock in this article was igneous rock. Its more difficult to figure out how bacteria got so deep in that kind of rock.