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The Rise and Rise of the Cognitive Elite

hessian writes "As technology advances, the rewards to cleverness increase. Computers have hugely increased the availability of information, raising the demand for those sharp enough to make sense of it. In 1991 the average wage for a male American worker with a bachelor's degree was 2.5 times that of a high-school drop-out; now the ratio is 3. Cognitive skills are at a premium, and they are unevenly distributed."

29 of 671 comments (clear)

  1. Class Difference by dintech · · Score: 5, Insightful

    In 1991 the average wage for a male American worker with a bachelor's degree was 2.5 times that of a high-school drop-out; now the ratio is 3.

    Isn't this more an indiciation of a widening income gap between working class and middle class backgrounds? There are a lot of not-so-smart people with degrees.

    1. Re:Class Difference by FictionPimp · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I think it's the fault of HR departments. They refuse to believe you might be intelligent without a degree. Which is why I'm trying to get the degree that goes with my job. Hopefully this debt I'm building is useful.

    2. Re:Class Difference by olsmeister · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It may not get you the job, but it will get you interviews and consideration, which gives you a leg up on people that lack similar 'papers and documents.' Don't underestimate how important getting your foot in the door is. If you're lacking a degree, it's much more difficult to get people to take you seriously.

    3. Re:Class Difference by Moryath · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The problem is that HR departments are home to some of the least cognitive people on the planet.

      Want to know how you get through the HR "filter" to someone who can actually make a hiring decision? You fill your resume with meaningless garbage, "certifications" from overglorified cert-mills and degree-mills, pad your experience by about 3-5 years, and do whatever else it takes to fit the computerized filter. And you do this not because it indicates any ability to actually do the job, but because the first thing the HR idiots do is stick all the resumes for a given position in a pile and order a computerized filter to drop all the ones that don't have a precise combination of keywords.

      Ability to adapt to new jobs/situations? Not looked for. Have 20 years in the field but been working all that time rather than building up student debt? Sorry, guess you didn't match the keywords they wanted in the "education" field.

    4. Re:Class Difference by Ephemeriis · · Score: 5, Insightful

      In 1991 the average wage for a male American worker with a bachelor's degree was 2.5 times that of a high-school drop-out; now the ratio is 3.

      Isn't this more an indiciation of a widening income gap between working class and middle class backgrounds? There are a lot of not-so-smart people with degrees.

      It isn't so much a widening gap between working and middle-class...

      Once upon a time, skilled labor was the middle class. But the middle class is slowly disappearing. We're outsourcing and offshoring everything we can. All the skilled labor jobs are going overseas.

      Here in the US we've basically got unskilled labor, and management.

      And that gap is widening. We replace more and more labors with machinery. We make individuals more productive with technology. We offshore what we can.

      And the laborers become less and less skilled, and more easily replaced. So they can be paid less.

      And the managers we actually have left here in the US are those that are harder to replace. So they must be paid more.

      And eventually we have just the upper and lower classes.

      --
      "Work is the curse of the drinking classes." -Oscar Wilde
    5. Re:Class Difference by tverbeek · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I strongly suspect that the gap is widening not because "smart" people are more in demand, but because "not so smart" people are becoming less in demand.

      Take one economy. Remove the manufacturing jobs. Watch as the percentage of jobs held by people with college degrees goes up, and the wages on the rest of them go down due to the oversupply of people without.

      --
      http://alternatives.rzero.com/
    6. Re:Class Difference by ArcherB · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It's not the degree that shows competency. It's the drive required to get the degree that tells you what you need to know about a potential employee. For example, a high school drop out is probably not a high school drop out because he's stupid. He's a high school drop out because he is lazy, has a problem with authority, can't/won't follow rules or some other issue that prevented him from finishing high school. (Yes, I understand that there are special circumstances that force some people to drop out of high school that are beyond the person's control; like a sick mother or something.)

      On the other hand, take your typical liberal arts graduate. Sure, they may not have learned how to perform advanced math on hex numbers while in college, but they have shown that they are willing to learn new ideas, do the hard work, follow the rules, see a task through to completion and generally put up with the bullshit that you have to put up with in order to get the degree.

      It's not the degree itself that matters. It is what getting the degree says about the person who got it.

      --
      There is no "I disagree" mod for a reason. Flamebait, Troll, and Overrated are not substitutes.
    7. Re:Class Difference by fulldecent · · Score: 4, Informative

      For advice on stuffing your resume with keywords and experimental results, see

      Classic and modern job searching tips.
      http://fulldecent.blogspot.com/2010/10/classic-and-modern-job-searching-tips.html

      --

      -- I was raised on the command line, bitch

    8. Re:Class Difference by ArcherB · · Score: 5, Insightful

      On Slashdot we don't like to talk about class. We'd rather just pretend it doesn't exist, it makes ineffectually complaining about the government while continuing to support the status quo easier.

      Srsly though, not a troll. Come on guys.

      Earning a degree has nothing to do with class. Anyone can get into college. Can't afford it? Join the military, get loans, scholarship or work three jobs while going to school. I served two years in the US Army, took out loans and worked two jobs to put myself and my wife through college. I have a bachelors and my wife earned her masters. We were both raised by single parents who worked multiple jobs to put food on the table. Neither of our parents paid for our education.

      Of course, it helps to have mommy and daddy pay your way so you don't even have to hold a job while in school. I knew some of these people, and frankly, I got much more out of college than they did. Sure, they may have better stories to tell as they were available for every kegger on campus. But I learned how to work to midnight on the far side of town, complete my assignments and still make my 8:00am class.

      --
      There is no "I disagree" mod for a reason. Flamebait, Troll, and Overrated are not substitutes.
    9. Re:Class Difference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yeah, if you had a class system, the sons of presidents would become presidents, and senators kids would become senators.

      Wake up! Just because a few buck the trend doesn't mean that you have very very very low social mobility in the USA - aka a class system.

    10. Re:Class Difference by KovaaK · · Score: 4, Informative

      You are correct that there is some difficulty for those with degrees in getting jobs, but the recession hit those with less education the hardest. December 2010's unemployment numbers are as follows: Less than highschool 15.3%, Highschool grad with no college 9.8%, Some college or associate degree 8.1%, Bachelor's Degree or higher 4.8%.

      Source

    11. Re:Class Difference by quetwo · · Score: 5, Interesting

      But the big problem with HR departments is all the unqualified people who do apply for a job.

      I just filled a position for a telecom tech. Our simple requirements were that they had to have at least 5 years experience with voice, 1 year of data, and not a convicted felon.

      I got > 300 resumes. I think it was closer to 400 actually. But what it all boils down to is, when you get me your resume, you have 30 seconds to impress me -- for it go to into the "I'll look at this one more closely" pile. Not having a college degree makes you much less impressive when I have a stack of 200 people who do. Unless there is something else extremely impressive about you, you won't get a second look.

      For me, a person who has finished college tends to be a much more rounded individual. Sure, the guy who dropped out of high-school may be the brightest guy on the block, but I don't know that, and I don't have the time to find out. Espically in my field, education is very important (not just higher learning, but simply learning new technologies), and if you don't seem willing to even learn anything past the basics, it makes you a much less qualified applicant.

    12. Re:Class Difference by postbigbang · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Perceiving the value of education is important, but all these things point towards motivation. I'll take a motivated engineer or coder any day. You can rapidly tell the difference between those that want life on a platter, and those that want to grab it by the tail hang on, and go for the wild ride.

      The armed forces help some get their personal organization together and shows them a lot of variety, but any self-starter has an advantage. Those that want to do a traditional 9-5 or otherwise succumb to being a wage slave don't get very far... and then wonder why.

      A key factor is that motivation comes from pursuing a life within a discipline/multidisciplinary pursuits. You have to like, or better still, love what you're doing to be really good at it. And to reap a financial harvest, you have to have at least a bit of business training/experience. But success isn't money. Success is a lot more than simple cash.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    13. Re:Class Difference by drerwk · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I think one of the key traits the degree shows is the ability to work hard enough and long enough to earn one. A coach of mine told me a man with a plan will beat a genius 90% of the time which is similar to Edison's quote of 99% perspiration. Being intelligent is not enough if you can not finish the work.

    14. Re:Class Difference by LordNacho · · Score: 5, Funny

      I don't have the time to find out

      Not having a college degree makes you much less impressive when I have a stack of 200 people who do.

      Basically, you are unwilling to do the hard work required to build an effective team. Instead, you take the easy path and assume that an institutional designation of qualified is the same as the correct qualifications for your company. You are part of the problem.

      That's a bit harsh. How's he meant to sift through hundreds, potentially thousands of resumes? I remember putting up an ad for a job which got us 3000 CVs in our inbox, most of them irrelevant.

      True story: a mate of mine was working at a firm that was looking to expand. Boss comes in, ask the secretary what she's up to.
      Secretary: "Sorting through this big pile of CVs!"
      Boss takes half the pile, throws it in the trash.
      Secretary: "Why'd you do that?"
      Boss: "We don't hire unlucky people!"

      You'll get dinged for a lot less than not having a qualification.

    15. Re:Class Difference by DavidTC · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Right, and that's caused everyone to get college degree, or everyone to get their kids to get those degrees.

      ...which then didn't work because white collar jobs got outsourced too.

      It's like everyone is standing on a melting iceberg. The solution is not to keep moving to higher parts of it. Obviously, people are going to do that, and others will fall off and drown, but even if everyone could get higher it doesn't solve the fundamental problem that the damn iceberg is melting and we should probably move back to colder waters.

      But, you see, the direction of the country is set by the people at the very top, who are convinced they'll make it to Rio de Janerio before the people paddling the iceberg fall off.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    16. Re:Class Difference by Surt · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Statistics in the US actually suggest very low social mobility. The percentage chance of a poor person becoming a middle class or rich person is very very low. Likewise movement in the other direction.

      --
      "Who is the Journal of Quantum Physics going to believe?" --Stephen Hawking
  2. Changing which way? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This is an alternative interpretation of the data:

    In 1991, the average American with a bachelor's degree earned 25% (?) of what the top 1% earned. Today, the fraction is 7% (?). Cognitive skills are no longer valued as much as they were.

  3. Another contributor by necro81 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Another contributor to the increasing ratio of college-educated salaries to those without has been the decline of manufacturing. There was a time over the last 2-3 generations when someone without a college degree could still get a decent job in manufacturing with benefits and good pay. There was value in skilled trades. The specific example I am thinking of is the automotive industry, where an assembly-line worker could make $20-30 an hour with benefits, and a good machinist could earn as much as a white-collar. Whether that was prudent or sustainable economically or socially is another matter, but it was the case.

    With the decline in manufacturing jobs and labor unions, brought on by increased productivity, increased global competition, and the economic downturn generally, it is harder for the uneducated to find jobs that don't have shit conditions for a shit wage.

    More recently, the economic downturn has hit those without college educations disproportionately high (manufacturing, construction, etc.), which would tend to depress their median income level, leading to a greater skew that might not otherwise be there.

  4. Re:The More Young College Grads I Meet... by oodaloop · · Score: 5, Funny

    Look, all I want is an honest week's pay for an honest day's work. Is that so much to ask?

    --
    Tic-Tac-Toe, Global Thermonuclear War, and relationships all have the same winning move.
  5. Re:I call BS by chemicaldave · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Hell, I had one coworker who couldn't sit through half a f*cking meeting, but got paid 5 times what I did to go to conventions and schmooze.

    Clearly you're underestimating the value of a good schmoozer. Connections are very important in business, as important as the quality of your product.

  6. Re:The More Young College Grads I Meet... by dkleinsc · · Score: 5, Insightful

    As one of those Kids These Days: When I was in the "paying some dues" stage of my career, I didn't mind putting in a full day's work. I did mind putting in 14-18 hours a day 7 days a week for pay that amounted to about $7.50 an hour for months on end. Call me unreasonable if you like.

    --
    I am officially gone from /. Long live http://www.soylentnews.com/
  7. Interesting statistic by chemicaldave · · Score: 4, Informative

    In 1991 the average wage for a male American worker with a bachelor's degree was 2.5 times that of a high-school drop-out; now the ratio is 3.

    Isn't this more an indiciation of a widening income gap between working class and middle class backgrounds? There are a lot of not-so-smart people with degrees.

    I think that's what the article is trying to point out. Take this statistic FTFA as an example.

    In America, for example, in 1987 the top 1% of taxpayers received 12.3% of all pre-tax income. Twenty years later their share, at 23.5%, was nearly twice as large. The bottom half’s share fell from 15.6% to 12.2% over the same period.

  8. Get back to work kid! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    ...the more I look to hire high school drop-outs and illegal immigrants.

    Seriously, don't Kids These Days want to put in a full day's work and pay some dues any more?

    You tell'em! These whipper snappers think that they can go to school, party, come out with a degree and automatically get a decent paying job!

    Back in my day, we didn't have all this Globalisation! All we had to do is compete with Japan and Germany and they cheated with their efficiency and better quality - I tell you!

    Now, we have these trading "partners" like China where we can get the labor done for a fraction of the price! And I tell you me, it's been helping ALL of us! Just look how our standard of living has increased! Why the cheap products available in the China Outlet Store (Walmart) have never been cheaper!

    Can't compete with China or India?! Well something wrong with you, kid! In my day, we had to compete with those damn cheap Southerners - you know, that cheap labor in the Carolinas, Georgia and other Southern States. They were paid a whole 1/4 less and we did it! So can you. So what that a Chinese man makes less than a tenth of what you do! You just need to be 10 times more productive!

    Job went to India!?! Well, you just need to learn more skills and get them up to date and be 10 times more valuable! All you got to do it work harder - just like the CEOs! Why they busted their ass to have their Father get them into Harvard! An then they had to network constantly at keggers so that they can make the contacts to get those CEO jobs when they get out! It's hard for them to ship jobs overseas so that they can ruin a company and then get their 100 million dollar bonus!

    I tell ya! Kids these days!

    Now, get back to work and fund my Social Security and Medicare! I have to go to the doctor and then the Cadillac dealer because there's a new model and it'll look good in my Second home in Florida!

  9. Re:I call BS by SquirrelCrack · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ^THIS^

    I can't stress this enough, emotional IQ is as important if not more important to success as technical intelligence. The best built software in the world is useless if nobody can sell it. It's really time for technical folks to stop bitching about how unfair this is and start trying to teach themselves interpersonal skills and sales skills. Get a job in consulting where both are highly valued. A good technical person that can also schmooze, sell and build relationships is worth their weight in gold.

  10. Re:I call BS by billcopc · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Schmoozers are their own pricey little bubble. The only reason you need schmoozers is to connect with other schmoozers. If we all chopped the schmooze department off the balance books, we could get back to doing real business deals without all the pomp and fluff.

    --
    -Billco, Fnarg.com
  11. The Myth of the Meritocracy by circletimessquare · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I've known a number of rich kids in my life. Some of them are the most lazy useless wastes you'll ever meet. I've also been to 3rd world slums, some of them full of the most hard working people in the world. Why is this?

    Do the rich deserve to be rich, and the poor deserve to be poor? No, most of the discrepancy in wealth is not due to hard work, but class structure: nepotism, corruption, who you know rather than what you know or how hard you work. I'm not saying that some poor don't rise up, and some rich don't sink down, as is deserving of their character. And in fact the USA does a better job of meritocracy than most other countries. But so much else going on is NOT meritocracy, clearly.

    For that reason, many libertarian beliefs only serve to reinforce existing class structures, because so many libertarians don't understand how unfair the distribution of wealth is. In a just society, you NEED to artificially distribute wealth down, because the existing structure naturally concentrates wealth up.

    Libertarian philosophy starts with this insane assumption that society is a meritocracy, when all evidence is to the contrary. I agree that society SHOULD be a meritocracy, but to make it a meritocracy, you need to artificially counteract the natural tendency of wealth to attract more wealth.

    Libertarians: class structure is real, and growing in the USA. Now you can deny that, or you can do something about that. But making castle-in-the-sky pronouncements about adhering to a meritocracy that doesn't fully exist is just an exercise in fooling yourself.

    Some people need to read less Charles Darwin, and more Charles Dickens.

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  12. Re:The More Young College Grads I Meet... by Chowderbags · · Score: 4, Insightful

    And the won't get off your lawn, either!

    Seriously, are college grads today really any worse than the counterculture from the 60s/70s? Or Gen X'ers in the 80s/90's? Or pretty much every generation in history (Back through at least the Ancient Greeks, and probably beyond)? It is in our nature to assume that our cohort is the pinnacle of human thought, and all generations before and after had, have, and will have mannerisms that are contrary to what "decent people" should aspire to. Don't blame this generation, your generations was probably just as stupid (and just as reviled) as this one when you were 20.

  13. Re:CYA Culture by russotto · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Hi. I am a nuclear physicist with a specialty in cutting edge cold fusion."
    "That's nice. Why are you applying for a Javascript coding job?"

    Heh. Because no one uses Cold Fusion anymore.