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12-Year-Old Rewrites Einstein's Theory of Relativity

rhathar writes "A 12-year-old boy by the name of Jacob Barnett is a math genius. Mastering many college level astrophysics courses by the age of 8, he now works on his most ambitious project to date: his own 'expanded version of Einstein's theory of relativity.'"

28 of 588 comments (clear)

  1. Primary Source by dtmos · · Score: 5, Informative
    1. Re:Primary Source by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Insightful

      [blockquote]The boy wonder, who taught himself calculus, algebra, geometry and trigonometry in a week[/blockquote]
      I call bullshit.

      How so? It's not unprecedented for people to be savants, and to have singularly amazing mathematical abilities. The human brain is an amazing thing ... I don't even think this is the first time I've heard about a teenager with some form of autism who is a math prodigy.

      According to the article:

      At this point, Jake's math IQ -- which has been measured at 170 (top of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) -- could not get any higher.

      "You could tell right off the bat, his performance has been outstanding," said Ross, who, at age 46 with a Ph.D. from Boston University, has never seen a kid as smart as Jake.

      Sure, it's rare. But, I don't think it's unprecedented to see this.

      Of course, I can only imagine that between being this smart (for math) and having some degree of autism is going to make it difficult for him -- I can only imagine how messed up it would be to be doing graduate-level mathematics, and still have all of the other crap a 12 year old has to go through on top of that.

      But, I don't dis-believe that he taught himself high school math in a week or two. Some of these kinds of problems are well documented as something that occasionally someone with autism or something similar just "see" and work with naturally.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    2. Re:Primary Source by IceNinjaNine · · Score: 4, Funny

      The History Channel is the bible/alien abduction channel, not the documentary channel.

      I thought it was "All Hitler, all the time..."

    3. Re:Primary Source by PaladinAlpha · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It's not about being "smart (for math)".

      Let me put it like this. What if the kid was a whiz programmer, and they said he had taught himself "C, C++, Perl, Python, Ruby, Java, Lisp, Prolog, and x86 assembly in a week"? It's nonsense. There's more information there than can be read in a week, let alone applied and digested.

      What does that imply about the claim, then? Well, for our hypothetical whiz programmer, it means he knows how to write "hello, world" a lot of different ways, but lacks the capacity to use the strengths of each language. He's committed the grievous error of the breadth-first search in an expertise-driven field. And I submit that the same thing holds for our actual math genius, here -- which I would further claim is a tragedy.

      If they held this kid accountable and really put him through the full coursework, he could turn into a very powerful mathematician, or physicist. But if they're letting him skate by with thinking he's taught himself everything there is to know about every major branch of mathematics inside of a week, they're ruining his ability to carry his investigation with scientific rigor. What he's learned is no doubt the trigonometric identities, the power and chain rules, and similar "first brush" material, and will spend the next two decades with mistakes and discoveries that have already been made countless times before.

      Genius is a reason to work more, not less. Removing responsibility from our best and brightest is one of the biggest threats to our prosperity.

    4. Re:Primary Source by Ben4jammin · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Well, I don't know if you read the article or not, but I did. I assume you are basing your response partly on this:

      The boy wonder, who taught himself calculus, algebra, geometry and trigonometry in a week, is now tutoring fellow college classmates after hours.

      I would take that with a grain of salt. He obviously has something akin to a photographic memory. FTA:

      By the age of three he was solving 5,000-piece puzzles and he even studied a state road map, reciting every highway and license plate prefix from memory.

      So a more likely explanation is that he ran through the books very fast because he only needs to read it once to memorize it. I would agree with your point that memorizing facts does not automatically mean you know when to apply them.

      But I think they are holding him accountable as evidenced by him attending lectures and providing tutoring services. If he is given the information about the mistakes and discoveries so far there is no reason to believe he can't assimilate it and push it further. He will need to learn scientific rigor, sure, but he is already on his way if the article is accurate when it reports that he seeks out the professors after class to ask questions...what else can he do at this point?

      I guess what I am trying to say is your response reeks of "sour grapes" :) I too wish I had a photographic memory. Although my hypnotherapist has helped me greatly in remembering names

    5. Re:Primary Source by iamhassi · · Score: 3, Informative

      I would take that with a grain of salt. He obviously has something akin to a photographic memory. FTA:

      Photographic memory doesn't really exist the way most people think of it, as in being able to look at a photograph of a forest and later being able to answer how many trees were in the forest or being able to recall the fourth word in the sixth paragraph after staring at a page in a book.

      Being able to memorize a deck of playing cards or a book of mathematical formulas is NOT photographic memory. No scientific study has ever found anyone with a true photographic memory... well, except one, but the scientist went and married the girl and she refused to repeat the experiments to other scientists so that's questionable.

      So next time you hear someone say "I have a photographic memory" you can chuckle to yourself ;)

      --
      my karma will be here long after I'm gone
  2. Aspergers Syndrome by WrongSizeGlass · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This kid has Aspergers syndrome and is making the most of it. Good for him. Hey kid, invent me a time machine dammit so I can warn myself about all the stupid stuff I did to end up where I am in life!!

    1. Re:Aspergers Syndrome by strack · · Score: 4, Insightful

      well, the real measure of this is to see where he is when hes like 25 or roundabout. theres been a lot of boy wonders who burnt out.

    2. Re:Aspergers Syndrome by TheLink · · Score: 3, Interesting

      A number of famous mathematicians and physicists did a lot of great stuff before they were 25.

      So from pure science POV it matters not that he burns out, but that his flame burns bright enough.

      --
  3. Re:Oh sure..... by WrongSizeGlass · · Score: 5, Funny

    What's the theory? How does it "expand" on relativity?

    I think he made relativity object oriented.

  4. Nonsense! by gestalt_n_pepper · · Score: 4, Funny

    He doesn't even have his deriver's license yet!

    --
    Please do not read this sig. Thank you.
  5. Re:Stick this boy in a MRI by Surt · · Score: 3, Funny

    Yeah, but he was a loser who couldn't figure out relativity until adulthood. This kid actually has some talent.

    --
    "Who is the Journal of Quantum Physics going to believe?" --Stephen Hawking
  6. Jebus by SomePgmr · · Score: 5, Funny

    I now feel like a barely functioning, non-contributing member of society. Thanks slashdot.

  7. Works on Windows .... by drpimp · · Score: 3, Funny

    But how does one calculate integration by parts on non-Windows?

    --
    -- Brought to you by Carl's JR
  8. Sounds like he's good at math. by pclminion · · Score: 4, Informative

    So, the kid seems to be great at math. Question is, is he great at physics? Manipulating equations in startling ways is cool and all, but if the result doesn't agree with reality, or if it produces nothing testable, then you're just messing around. Period.

    Einstein always struggled with the mathematics and didn't consider himself to be very good at it. Einstein's contribution was the physical insight behind relativity.

  9. Evolution.. by daitengu · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I've been saying it for years.   Autism isn't a disease, it's the next step in human evolution.

    1. Re:Evolution.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      So guys with autism get more pussy?

    2. Re:Evolution.. by smelch · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I've been saying it for years, Autism is what uncomfortable people use to make themselves feel ok about never quite understanding humans because they were too busy thinking instead of experiencing. Also, in rare cases used to refer to a mental disorder.

      --
      If I can just reach out with my words and touch a butthole, just one, it will all be worth it.
    3. Re:Evolution.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      Vaguely related, and I love the quote.

      "Introverts almost never cause me trouble and are usually much better at what they do than extroverts. Extroverts are too busy slapping one another on the back, team building, and making fun of introverts to get much done ... I can pass for normal most of the time, but I understand perfectly why some of my autistic patients scream and flap their arms - it's to frighten off extroverts." Mark Vonnegut, MD

  10. Re:The Big Bang by PvtVoid · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Explanation at http://www.indystar.com/article/20110320/LOCAL01/103200369/Genius-work-12-year-old-studying-IUPUI

    Here is his "debunking" of the big bang:

    "So, um, in the big-bang theory, what they do is, there is this big explosion and there is all this temperature going off and the temperature decreases really rapidly because it's really big. The other day I calculated, they have this period where they suppose the hydrogen and helium were created, and, um, I don't care about the hydrogen and helium, but I thought, wouldn't there have to be some sort of carbon?"
    ...
    I calculated, the time it would take to create 2 percent of the carbon in the universe, it would actually have to be several micro-seconds. Or a couple of nano-seconds, or something like that. An extremely small period of time. Like faster than a snap. That isn't gonna happen."

    This is total gibberish. There is no carbon created in the Big Bang, only hydrogen, helium, and lithium. This was understood in the 1970's. All of the carbon in the universe is created in stars. This is likewise well understood. Also, the earth is mostly iron, not carbon. If this kid's new theory of relativity is anything like his theory of cosmology, he needs to be back in school getting an education, not doing independent research.

  11. Stick this boy in a proper school... by denzacar · · Score: 5, Informative

    And away from sensationalist reporters going for "OMG! Big Bang didn't happen says genius kid!".

    http://www.indystar.com/article/20110320/LOCAL01/103200369/Genius-work-12-year-old-studying-IUPUI

    Meanwhile, Jake is moving on to his next challenge: proving that the big-bang theory, the event some think led to the formation of the universe, is, well, wrong.

    Wrong?

    He explains.

    "There are two different types of when stars end. When the little stars die, it's just like a small poof. They just turn into a planetary nebula. But the big ones, above 1.4 solar masses, blow up in one giant explosion, a supernova," Jake said. "What it does, is, in larger stars there is a larger mass, and it can fuse higher elements because it's more dense."

    OK . . . trying to follow you.

    "So you get all the elements, all the different materials, from those bigger stars. The little stars, they just make hydrogen and helium, and when they blow up, all the carbon that remains in them is just in the white dwarf; it never really comes off.

    "So, um, in the big-bang theory, what they do is, there is this big explosion and there is all this temperature going off and the temperature decreases really rapidly because it's really big. The other day I calculated, they have this period where they suppose the hydrogen and helium were created, and, um, I don't care about the hydrogen and helium, but I thought, wouldn't there have to be some sort of carbon?"

    He could go on and on.

    And he did.

    "Otherwise, the carbon would have to be coming out of the stars and hence the Earth, made mostly of carbon, we wouldn't be here. So I calculated, the time it would take to create 2 percent of the carbon in the universe, it would actually have to be several micro-seconds. Or a couple of nano-seconds, or something like that. An extremely small period of time. Like faster than a snap. That isn't gonna happen."

    "Because of that," he continued, "that means that the world would have never been created because none of the carbon would have been given 7 billion years to fuse together. We'd have to be 21 billion years old . . . and that would just screw everything up."

    Plenty of time for Carbon at the beginning of things.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallicity
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process
    http://www.solstation.com/x-objects/first.htm

    IANAA, so my GUESS here is that kid lacks the knowledge necessary to put the whole thing in perspective.
    As indicated by astrophysics Professor Scott Tremaine's reply to his theories that suggests "Jake to spend as much time as possible to learn more and to further develop his theory".
    It's a polite way to say "Well thank YOU Mr. Smartypants. Us poor astrophysics scientists here would have NEVER thought of THAT had YOU not come along. NOT!".

    And the journalist simply doesn't have a clue on the subject and is clearly going for a sound-bite.

    --
    Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens
    1. Re:Stick this boy in a proper school... by FrootLoops · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I find it difficult to sort out the journalist's inexperience from their sensationalism. For instance, The Indianapolis Star version mentions a "calculus-based physics class he has been taking this semester" but then says "he needs work at an instructional level, which currently is a post college graduate level in mathematics". There is a big gap between calculus-based physics and graduate level math--at least serious graduate level math. Differential geometry would seem to be right up his alley, but there's no (even horribly obfuscated) mention of it.

      The highest level of math directly mentioned in the article that I was able to figure out was "funky letters and upside-down triangles", presumably meaning Greek and the gradient symbol (it has other uses), which are undergraduate level. The video only discusses basic calculus at a level that perhaps one in a thousand high school freshmen reach; it's remarkable, but not "12-Year-Old Rewrites Einstein's Theory of Relativity" remarkable. The article mentions a YouTube video on quantum mechanics but I couldn't immediately find it. I agree with previous posters that the subtext of the quotes of the letter from Prof. Tremaine is "I want to encourage you, but, aside from your age, your ideas are unremarkable at my level of physics."

      Without more info, my opinion (FWIW) is that he's got a great memory and is at a relatively advanced undergraduate level in physics and math. He'll probably make a great researcher after a few more years of maturation, which is probably why he's been offered a research position--for his potential, not for his current work, as some of the article text implies. I wish him the best of luck, and all the creativity he'll need to make truly interesting discoveries.

    2. Re:Stick this boy in a proper school... by MikeBabcock · · Score: 3, Informative

      Actually there are a litany of problems with the big bang, not the least of which is relativistic time. That said, I haven't seen a good reworking of the Big Bang theory taking relativity properly into account yet.

      *I'm not saying there isn't one, I'm saying I haven't read one.

      --
      - Michael T. Babcock (Yes, I blog)
    3. Re:Stick this boy in a proper school... by SETIGuy · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I feel sorry for this kid, because these stories/videos aren't going to go away. The kid is talking about things he partially understands, and maybe he has some insights or ideas, but other people have probably already had those insights. He's got a lot more to learn before he'll be reworking general relativity. Maybe he'll be working on it in graduate school. The problem is, that these videos will follow him there.

      I think this happens to all the physics freaks at that age, but we old timers didn't have video cameras following us around when we were explaining to the rest of the class why the detection of cosmic ray muons at ground level is good evidence for special relativity. I tried to build a version of special relativity with quantized space-time when I was in middle school. Of course I didn't succeed, but I've still got the papers somewhere. It's extremely stupid and I did learn things in the attempt. But with a little more knowledge I wouldn't have even tried it. But fortunately I (and more importantly, my colleagues) don't have video of TV interviews with a 13 year old me saying things that any physicist undergrad would know were wrong.

      So let's leave the kid alone and let him fail at these unattainable goals without us looking. Then he will go to college and grad school and become a scientist that might actually do some of these things. If we keep bothering him, and make his inconsequential failures public, he'll probably end up an accountant.

  12. Fagot by rubycodez · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Most people over 25 are Spanish bassoons? Even if I accept this magical transformation into a musical instrument by the underachievers and ungifted of the human race, I really doubt it would universally be into one with such specific ethnicity. And a doubt any musical instrument could either gain employment or procreate, without human intervention.

  13. follow a dead end, or do vital research? by foszae · · Score: 3, Insightful

    well, being a math prodigy is fine and all that. just, the thing is that it means he probably spends a lot of time with mathematicians. and if he's working on a refinement of special relativity, i hope for his sake that he doesn't get mired in the same thought processes which turned the field of physics into an quagmire forty years ago. yes, it's necessary to understand where we are to see where we're going, but frankly if you listen to a modern physicist, they are so utterly lost in the minutiae of particle decays that they're missing the right-in-their-face boots-on-the-ground reality. the last few decades of research have brought us practically nothing except the word "string". and even then it is inconsistently applied, poorly conceived of, and utterly obtuse to a layperson anyhow. sure kid, it's neat that someone proved the photon can be particle or wave purely on circumstance. but if you start obsessing over trying to make a followup experiment to prove some minor particle effect, you will end up just as gobsmacked by the new reality as the rest of the physics faculty.

  14. I think he's saying there is. by Chris+Burke · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I'm no astrophysicist, just a lowly programmer with a background in engineering physics, but I thought it was pretty much the standard (and understood by all) that carbon and anything heavier was produced by the stars? And I'm pretty sure I knew that by 12....

    Um yes and he knows that too; he says so in another part of the quote. He's not saying the big bang predicts too much carbon too soon.

    What he's saying is that it would take too long from the birth of the universe for sufficient carbon to be formed in stellar fusion for enough of it to be here in time to form earth. Thus "wouldn't there have to be some sort of carbon?" or "We'd have to be 21 billion years old . . . and that would just screw everything up."

    I've heard observations like this before, along with cosmologists saying that there are theoretical explanations. I'm betting what others said is right -- he's not on to as much as he thinks, and not the first to think of this. But I'm willing to give him some credit. ;)

    --

    The enemies of Democracy are
    1. Re:I think he's saying there is. by rk · · Score: 4, Informative

      As smart as he is mathematically, his ignorance of high-school level geology is rather shocking* if he's going to make pronouncements like this. The Earth is 62% iron and oxygen, not carbon. Carbon's not even in the top ten. Even in the lithosphere, carbon is only 0.03% (yes, three HUNDREDTHS of a percent) of it. I'm not qualified to say if his hypothesis would have issues with the oxygen and iron abundance, however. I recall iron being a sort of low energy state with respect to nuclear reactions, where fusion reactions with elements with atomic weights below iron being generally exothermic and fission being generally endothermic, and the reverse being true of elements heavier than iron. But in thinking the earth is primarily carbon when it's not he's starting out with a false premise.

      *- Well, however smart he is, he's still a 12 year old boy so I should cut him a little slack.