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Blue Gene/P Reaches Sixty-Trillionth of Pi Squared

Reader Dr.Who notes that an Australian research team using IBM's Blue Gene/P supercomputer has calculated the sixty-trillionth binary digit of Pi-squared, a task which took several months of processing. Snipping from the article, the Dr. writes: "'A value of Pi to 40 digits would be more than enough to compute the circumference of the Milky Way galaxy to an error less than the size of a proton.' The article goes on to cite use of computationally complex algorithms to detect errors in computer hardware. The article references a blog which has more background. Disclaimers: I attended graduate school at U.C. Berkeley. I am presently employed by a software company that sells an infrastructure product named PI."

148 of 212 comments (clear)

  1. Different outcomes by garcia · · Score: 5, Funny

    From the blurb:

    Disclaimers: I attended graduate school at U.C. Berkeley. I am presently employed by a software company that sells an infrastructure product named PI.

    Oh, I expected the sentence to end with, "...and I still don't know why the fuck anyone cares about a number this long."

    I'm going to the bar. Who's with me?

    1. Re:Different outcomes by kenj0418 · · Score: 1

      Well, I'm going to Pi. http://www.restaurantpi.com/

    2. Re:Different outcomes by chebucto · · Score: 1

      why the fuck anyone cares about a number this long

      Seriously, does anyone have an answer for this? Unless they're waiting to see if the digits start repeating themselves, I don't get why anyone would need a value of pi to be so precise.

      Personally, I've assumed that the stupidly-precise values of pi were calculated out of pure obsessiveness and, perhaps, a desire for fame (of a kind).

      But if they're using months of time on a very expensive, very new, publicly-funded supercomputer to calculate the value, then there's _got_ to be a reason. Right?

      --
      The English word fart is one of the oldest words in the English vocabulary.
    3. Re:Different outcomes by chebucto · · Score: 2

      After waiting minutes for an answer, I decided to RTFA and, well, there is a reason (or at least a good excuse)

      one application for computing the digits of Pi is to test the integrity of computer hardware and software, which is a focus of Baileyâ(TM)s research at Berkeley Lab. âoeIf two separate computations of digits of Pi, say using different algorithms, are in agreement except perhaps for a few trailing digits at the end, then almost certainly both computers performed trillions of operations flawlessy"

      --
      The English word fart is one of the oldest words in the English vocabulary.
    4. Re:Different outcomes by statusbar · · Score: 1

      They are secretly looking for the digits to form an infinite series of encoded bitmaps of a circles, in order to prove that god has a sense of humour.

      --jeffk++

      --
      ipv6 is my vpn
    5. Re:Different outcomes by porl · · Score: 1

      yeah, pretty sure you are either not from australia or you are just trolling here.

      i am from australia. i know no one who 'wants to be american'. american education is a laughing point in australia (not entirely deserved i guess, but mostly focused on the more prevalent influence of religion in 'science' education in some parts of america).

      not sure what the screech crap was there, but i'm sure you thought it was hilarious.

      apologies to everyone else for feeding the troll.

    6. Re:Different outcomes by gfody · · Score: 1

      I don't buy it. Trillions of operations later we know the Sixty-trillionth binary digit of pi squared is 1 and the hardware is flawless or 50/50 chance it got lucky

      --

      bite my glorious golden ass.
    7. Re:Different outcomes by voidphoenix · · Score: 1

      I don't buy it. Trillions of operations later we know the Sixty-trillionth binary digit of pi squared is 1 and the hardware is flawless or 50/50 chance it got lucky

      Fifty-fifty, huh?

    8. Re:Different outcomes by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      Well, presumably they compare strings of digits. But yeah, the article is less than clear.

    9. Re:Different outcomes by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      But pi bar is just one half!

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    10. Re:Different outcomes by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Or they try to find a way to predict Wall Street.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    11. Re:Different outcomes by maxwell+demon · · Score: 2

      Well, pi just has an infinitely long period. :-)

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    12. Re:Different outcomes by SuricouRaven · · Score: 2

      So compare digits sixty trillion, sixty-trillion and one, sixty-trillion and two... if they manage to match a thousand consecutive digits, the chance of doing that just by luck is 1/(2^2000). Or about 10^-602. Not a lot.

      Tiny but non-zero probabilities make mathematicians sleep restlessly. It's just untidy.

    13. Re:Different outcomes by StripedCow · · Score: 2

      why the fuck anyone cares about a number this long

      Because... if we have more binary digits of Pi, we can search for subsequences of digits representing mp3 songs. Using that, we can show that RIAA is wrong, because as a matter of fact, you can't copyright mathematics.

      --
      If Pandora's box is destined to be opened, *I* want to be the one to open it.
    14. Re:Different outcomes by neonsignal · · Score: 1

      This reminds me of an altercation on one of the newsgroups a few years back, and I quote:

      > > In article eugene@ames.UUCP (Eugene Miya) writes:
      > > >We have just received a letter from Japan that a newer record for
      > > >computation of digits of Pi was accomplished. Previously David Bailey
      > > >here at Ames did a 30 million digit computation on the Cray-2.
      > > >The new computation was done on an older Hitachi 810 supercomputer
      > > >using extended storage. The new record is 33 million digits.
      > > >Dave replied, "This means war!"
      > >
      > > I think NASA should pay more attention to launching rockets and less attention
      > > to calculating the next million digits of pi.
      > > --
      > > Greg
      > > gjk%a@lanl.arpa and greg@harvard.harvard.edu>
      >
      > I think Los Alamos should pay more attention to developing high tech methods
      > of mass destruction and less attention to flaming NASA in net.math.
      >
      > Hugs and kisses,
      > Calum
      > Calum T Dalek, chairentity

    15. Re:Different outcomes by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Not if you looked into the sun as child, and had headaches ever since.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    16. Re:Different outcomes by hairyfeet · · Score: 1

      Hey you dang Aussies better be nice now, as we already got a reason to bomb your ass! I mean here we were, thinking you guys and us in the USA were actually friends. We saved your asses in WWII, and you return the kindness by giving us one of the best damned movies in the history of creation, I'm of course talking about that great epic of destruction that is Mad Max.

      So here we are thinking you are nice folks, I mean sure you also sent us Olivia Newton John but we figured you were blinded by her cuteness so that could be forgiven, then what do you do? BAM! You carpet bomb us, first with Paul Hogan and then you use the ultimate weapon of mediocrity, Yahoo Serious! What the fuck did we ever do to you? Didn't we give you nice planes and other gear in WWII? WTF?

      At least Canada is paying us reparations in oil for letting that damned she harpy Celine Dion escape her cage and descend upon us like a plague, but y'all ain't even said you were sorry for letting that pile of tripe Yahoo Serious loose. And you KNOW that just wasn't right! Hell Young Einstein was so damned bad you can't show it to prisoners without violating the Geneva Convention!

      So y'all better play nice now, because two can play that game! We have enough horribly bad entertainers that if you don't play nice we'll carpet bomb your ass with so much banality that your great grand kids will be spewing stupid catch phrases!

      --
      ACs don't waste your time replying, your posts are never seen by me.
    17. Re:Different outcomes by nitehawk214 · · Score: 1

      in agreement except perhaps for a few trailing digits at the end

      What the hell does that mean? There is no "end" do pi. And if there is some disagreements on some of the digits, then one of the computers obviously did not perform flawlessly.

      --
      I'm a good cook. I'm a fantastic eater. - Steven Brust
    18. Re:Different outcomes by Slippery_Hank · · Score: 1

      Algorithms for computing Pi would likely need to evaluate some sort of infinite sum. Two different algorithms, evaluating two differernt sums which both converge to Pi. At any finite number of terms in the sum, both algorithms would be correct only up to a certain number of digits. There could be a difference in the number of correct digits after running both algorithms for the same amount of time. The fact that both algorithms are equal with the exception of the last couple of digits suggests that they are both still converging to Pi and that no computational errors have been made.

    19. Re:Different outcomes by nitehawk214 · · Score: 1

      Aha, ok that makes sense. I had to look up exactly how pi is calculated with a computer to understand this. Makes perfect sense that the last part of the decimal is not necessarily accurate, but as you drill down further and further you will get more precise results.

      Thanks!

      --
      I'm a good cook. I'm a fantastic eater. - Steven Brust
    20. Re:Different outcomes by SpacerOne · · Score: 1

      From the blurb:

      Disclaimers: I attended graduate school at U.C. Berkeley. I am presently employed by a software company that sells an infrastructure product named PI.

      Oh, I expected the sentence to end with, "...and I still don't know why the fuck anyone cares about a number this long."

      I'm going to the bar. Who's with me?

      Everybody in the world will now live much better.

    21. Re:Different outcomes by michelcolman · · Score: 1

      And since there are an infinite number of digits, pretty much completely randomly distributed as far as we know, every existing song is bound to be in there somewhere! Reminds me of the mattresses in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.

    22. Re:Different outcomes by torgis · · Score: 1

      Well, pi just has an infinitely long period. :-)

      So did my ex-girlfriend...

  2. pi Squared? by TaoPhoenix · · Score: 1

    What does that number "do"?

    Pi is famous, and the more well known number to crunch. Why crunch Pi Squared? Can't you just square Pi?

    --
    My first Journal Entry ever, in 8 years! http://slashdot.org/journal/365947/aphelion-scifi-fantasy-horror-poetry-webzine
    1. Re:pi Squared? by MoonBuggy · · Score: 2

      Can't you just square Pi?

      Well, yes, but doing so to vast precision requires you to to crunch a vast number of digits of pi, so I imagine it's all largely the same in the end.

    2. Re:pi Squared? by 2.7182 · · Score: 1

      A likely reason they may be computing pi^2 is because it is a pretty straightforward infinite series: pi^2 over 6 is the sum of 1 over n^2, n ranging from 1 to infinity.

    3. Re:pi Squared? by MobileTatsu-NJG · · Score: 1

      What does that number "do"?

      Well, for one thing, you could use it to defeat computers in the future.

      --

      "I like to lick butts!" by MobileTatsu-NJG (#32700246) (Score:5, Informative)

    4. Re:pi Squared? by BeanThere · · Score: 1

      Pi is 'wrong' ... http://tauday.com/

    5. Re:pi Squared? by superwiz · · Score: 1

      Yep. Squaring a number is an O(n^2) operation.

      --
      Any guest worker system is indistinguishable from indentured servitude.
    6. Re:pi Squared? by greylion3 · · Score: 1

      Do you mean; what's it used for?
      Well, for one thing it's part of the formula to calculate the volume of a torus:

      V = 2 * Pi^2 * R * r^2

      --
      Privacy begins with ..
    7. Re:pi Squared? by gnasher719 · · Score: 1

      Yep. Squaring a number is an O(n^2) operation.

      Squaring a number with a naive algorithm is. With some decent algorithm it is O (n ln n). Like multiplying, division, square root, sine, cosine and many other functions.

    8. Re:pi Squared? by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      Well there's a couple of BBP-type formulas for pi^2 that MathWorld lists here that might even convert to spigot algorithms (I'm not in the mood to check whether or not the usual BBP-type pi formula's spigot algorithm applies to these cases, where there's a fraction out front). Hmm, that's very jargon filled. What I meant is that it may be possible to compute arbitrary digits of pi^2 without computing the previous digits. This is indeed possible with pi. The thing here, though, is that all of the first 40 trillion digits were computed. TFA is just written by someone not steeped in math enough to know to be careful about equating such computations. The natural log of 2, for instance, admits a very simple spigot algorithm through manipulation of its basic Maclaurin series, as Wikipedia will tell you.

    9. Re:pi Squared? by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      I doubt it, though I do like that series. I can't quite remember generalizations of it, though.... That is, what is zeta(m) for m a positive integer? Wikipedia lists a formula valid at positive even integers here, wherein \zeta(2n) = \frac{(-1)^{n+1} B_{2n}(2 \pi)^{2n}}{2(2n)!}, so for instance 1 + 1/2^4 + 1/3^4 + ... = pi^4 / 90, and in general 1 + 1/2^(2n) + 1/3^(2n) + ... converges to r*pi^(2n) for some rational number r that can be found quite easily. I presume Euler's method (the one which first proved your identity) can be extended to prove this case. I don't remember a characterization for the odd integers though.... Isn't it wonderful that the formula I listed uses \tau = 2 \pi? I'm convinced; I don't recall seeing any good evidence for using \pi over \tau other than for historical reasons. I certainly use it in my own work. The Apery's constant (that is, \zeta(3)) Wikipedia page lists some formulas, but nothing even remotely as elegant as the above even integer characterization. I suppose there isn't one currently known :(.

    10. Re:pi Squared? by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

      There are a few very fast ways that work on only some numbers. Useful if you can be sure your inputs follow some constraints. This is why a lot of computer graphics either requires texture resolutions be a power of two, or performs faster if they are. You can multiply by powers of two just by using shift operations. Or divide, if you don't mind losing the remainder. Same idea as the 'just add a zero' rule to multiply by ten in decimal. Squareing an irrational number, though... there are no shortcuts for that.

    11. Re:pi Squared? by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

      It's a supercomputer. Slowly is fast enough.

    12. Re:pi Squared? by arb+phd+slp · · Score: 1

      It's in section 2.3, where he shows that e^(i tau) = 1.

      Was it tl;dr? I'm not even average at maths compared to most /. posters, and even I could read the whole thing.

      --
      There's a perfect xkcd for my sig but I'm too lazy to look it up. sudo someone go find it.
    13. Re:pi Squared? by BeanThere · · Score: 1

      Read the whole thing before judging .. I know it's easy to have a knee-jerk 'that's stupid' reaction but it's actually a very convincing argument if you read the whole thing.

      PS that "guy" you snidely dismiss is not entirely just some random Joe Nobody, he has some reasonable credentials: http://www.michaelhartl.com/about

    14. Re:pi Squared? by BeanThere · · Score: 1

      Yeah, perhaps this video might be more interesting to those too lazy, busy or arrogant to read the full argument:

      Pi is (still) wrong

      And more on the 'movement': Pi is wrong

      I am sure that if somebody had showed me this back in high school a LOT of things would've been a lot simpler and clearer ... GP can dismiss it all he wants, but I'll be teaching my children about this.

    15. Re:pi Squared? by torgis · · Score: 1

      What does that number "do"?

      Pi is famous, and the more well known number to crunch. Why crunch Pi Squared? Can't you just square Pi?

      The beauty of pi is that it's round. If you square it, well, that's more of a cake, no? Or maybe a cobbler.

  3. How many digists of pi do you know? by TroyM · · Score: 3, Informative
    1. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by MoonBuggy · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Re:How many digists of pi do you know?

      ...one?

    2. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by jamesh · · Score: 2

      about 5 probably. My daughter can recite 50 or 100 or something like that.

    3. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by the_humeister · · Score: 4, Informative

      I know all of them. I just don't know which order they go in.

    4. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by rrohbeck · · Score: 1

      OK I'm a dick.
      50.

    5. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by Abstrackt · · Score: 4, Informative

      "How I want a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics!" There you go, Pi to 14 digits in an easy to remember package. Count the letters in each word to get the right digits.

      --
      They say a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, but it's not one half so bad as a lot of ignorance. - Terry Pratchett
    6. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by arth1 · · Score: 2

      "50 or 100 or something like that"?
      That's like saying you have "1 or 2 cars or something like that" -- far too imprecise to be useful. In fact, 0 would satisfy "50 or 100 or something like that".

    7. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by arth1 · · Score: 2

      "How I want a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics!" There you go, Pi to 14 digits in an easy to remember package. Count the letters in each word to get the right digits.

      Easily beaten by this common and far more memorable verse:

      How I wish I could enumerate Pi
      "Eureka!" cried the great inventor
      "Christmas pudding, Christmas pie
      is the problem's very center!"

      After hearing that one once, I could not help but remember pi to 20 decimals.

      If I want to be more precise, arccos(-1) will do.

    8. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by dbc · · Score: 2

      Ha ha.... while true, I sympathize with the grandparent. My daughter is also a Pi digit memorizer. She adds a few digits every so often, I can't keep track of how many she knows. I'd guess 75 or 100 or something like that. :) I don't think she knows or cares exactly how many digits of Pi she has memorized, as long as it is more digits than anyone else she meets...

    9. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      Perhaps you shouldn't tell her about tau....

    10. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Well, I guess I hampered my science carrier already as child by memorizing more than 100 digits ... :-)

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    11. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

      I used to know 36, but given that it's been some years since I memorised them I wouldn't trust my memory to be accurate any more. Typing and checking...
      3.14159265358979323846264338327950288.
      Yep. Still got them. But I can only recall by reciting them aloud.

    12. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

      Sir, I bear a rhyme excelling
      In mystic force and magic spelling
      Celestial sprites elucidate
      All my own striving can't relate
      Or locate they who can cogitate
      And so finally terminate.
      Finis.

      I did it backwards: I memorised the digits of pi directly, and use them to check my recollection of the verse. That's also as far as you're going in simple letter-counts, as the next digit is a zero.

    13. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by rubycodez · · Score: 1

      Bend your letter count rules, your next and every zero word can be the interjection "O"

    14. Re:How many digists of pi do you know? by Narnie · · Score: 1

      All of them. Here in Indiana, the legislature voted on making pi = 3.

      --
      greed@All_Evils:~#
  4. Only one binary digit? by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

    So they just calculated that one binary digit?
    Was it a 0 or an 1?

    --
    The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    1. Re:Only one binary digit? by stillnotelf · · Score: 4, Funny

      Well, it's a quantum supercomputer, so...yes.

    2. Re:Only one binary digit? by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 2

      1, in base pi.

      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
    3. Re:Only one binary digit? by rubycodez · · Score: 1

      I can do better than 0.5 certainty, as the first three digits are 11.0

    4. Re:Only one binary digit? by meekg · · Score: 1

      You mean 10, I think.
      1 is just 1 in any base.

    5. Re:Only one binary digit? by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 1

      True. I didn't think that through before I posted. [hangs head]

      And since they're calculating pi^2, it's actually 100. Oh, well.

      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
  5. Not a disclaimer ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    "Disclaimers: I attended graduate school at U.C. Berkeley. I am presently employed by a software company that sells an infrastructure product named PI.""

    That's *not* a DISCLAIMER. That's a DISCLOSURE.

    1. Re:Not a disclaimer ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Its not a disclosure, it is an advertisement.

    2. Re:Not a disclaimer ... by MobileTatsu-NJG · · Score: 1

      Doesn't that bring us back to the word 'disclaimer'?

      --

      "I like to lick butts!" by MobileTatsu-NJG (#32700246) (Score:5, Informative)

    3. Re:Not a disclaimer ... by tepples · · Score: 1

      A disclosure is used to disclaim disinterest.

  6. And yet by proverbialcow · · Score: 1

    ...neither TFA nor TFBlog tell you which it is. So...flip a coin.

    --
    The only surefire protection against Microsoft infections is abstinence. - The Onion
    1. Re:And yet by proverbialcow · · Score: 1

      After all, your margin of error is within +/- 1.67 x 10^-13

      --
      The only surefire protection against Microsoft infections is abstinence. - The Onion
    2. Re:And yet by SilverHatHacker · · Score: 1

      Yeah, I was really annoyed about that. If you go to all the trouble of calculating the 60 trillionth digit of the freaking number, is it really that much extra work to tell us what that digit actually is?

      --
      Funny may not give karma, but +5 Informative never made anyone snort coffee out their nose.
  7. Round with pumpkin please. by Qatz · · Score: 1

    Yes really, why squared? I prefer mine round. Atm I feel like pumpkin would be best.

  8. Balls by proverbialcow · · Score: 1

    Well within it, actually.

    1.67E-13 is FAR larger than 2^-6E13. Stupid math.

    --
    The only surefire protection against Microsoft infections is abstinence. - The Onion
  9. Re:Pi for spheres? by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

    Is there the equivalent to pi in three dimensions? I mean, the ratio of a sphere's surface area to the area of the circular plane bisecting it? Maybe it has no significance.

    That number is 4

    Well, three dimensions are just more rational. :-)

    --
    The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  10. Numberists! by 2.7182 · · Score: 2

    Why not compute digits of e? What's all this obsession with pi? For me, this time it's personal.

    1. Re:Numberists! by biryokumaru · · Score: 2

      They should calculate pi*e. Knowing that number to such detail would be... delicious.

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    2. Re:Numberists! by MyLongNickName · · Score: 1

      I wrote a program to find the nth digit of i^2. It is blazing fast too.

      --
      See my journal for slashdot ID's by year. Mine created in 2005. http://slashdot.org/journal/289875/slashdot-ids-by-year
    3. Re:Numberists! by flappinbooger · · Score: 1

      They should calculate pi*e. Knowing that number to such detail would be... delicious.

      That's a pretty sweet comment

      --
      Flappinbooger isn't my real name
    4. Re:Numberists! by Eudial · · Score: 5, Interesting
      --
      GAAH! MY PRINTER IS ON FIRE!!! PUT IT OUT! PUT IT OUT!
    5. Re:Numberists! by porl · · Score: 1

      thanks, i found that link really interesting :)

      i like when something i had thought in the back of my head while doing school work (way back when) turns out to be something other people have pondered over. it is remarkable to see how much more 'pretty' the maths becomes with this simple change of perspective.

    6. Re:Numberists! by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      I wrote a program to find the nth digit of i^2. It is blazing fast too.

      That's nothing. I've written an incredibly fast program to compute any digit of e^(i pi)+1. This contains all three of e, i and pi! And I can even do it in any base!

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    7. Re:Numberists! by Twinbee · · Score: 1

      When I want to express angles in a circle, it often helps to use values from 0 to 1. You could call them revolutions or cycles. Anyway, I do this so much that I've had to convert all the trig functions to divide by 2pi. Examples include:

      double nsin(double n) return sin(n*6.28318530717958);
      double natan(double n) return atan(n)/6.283185307179586;

      I almost never use raw sin, atan, etc. any more (I'm coding a raytracer at the mo). Anyway, I just find it interesting that tau crops up there too.

      --
      Why OpalCalc is the best Windows calc
  11. Error in, error out by macslas'hole · · Score: 1, Interesting

    ... enough to compute the circumference of the Milky Way galaxy to an error less than the size of a proton

    Why bother carrying out the computation to such precision when the error in your measurement of the radius (or diameter) would be so much bigger.

    --
    Life's a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing.
    1. Re:Error in, error out by PatrickThomson · · Score: 1

      It sounds like you think that's a statement about the pi they've calculated here, where the words immediately preceeding your quote, found at the top of this page, are "pi to 40 digits". Any of us could comfortably calculate that on paper in a day, or half an hour with a 10-digit solar powered calculator. I fear you may be guilty of slashdot-itis - an impulse to try and prove yourself smart by demolishing a strawman built from the headline, or the summary if we're lucky. Sometimes, the fail is too epic not to rebuke.

      --
      I am one of many. My idea is not unique, nor do I expect my voice alone to sway you. I speak in a chorus of opinion.
    2. Re:Error in, error out by martas · · Score: 2

      That was clearly meant for illustrative purposes; the complete statement would have been "if you knew the precise radius of a circular object approximately the size of the Milky Way galaxy, then a value of Pi to 40 digits would be more than enough to compute its circumference to an error less than the size of a proton." It was left up to the reader to infer the precise meaning of the shortened statement. Apparently you failed to do so, either due to lack of ability, or because you had adversarial intentions (e.g. wanted to demonstrate your intelligence by finding an error in the article, however inconsequential to the main issue at hand).

    3. Re:Error in, error out by johanatan · · Score: 1

      Also-- the Milky Way is obviously not perfectly circular and so computing its circumference with the formula involving PI and radius would be incorrect. That's a big clue IMO of the author's intended imprecision.

    4. Re:Error in, error out by johanatan · · Score: 1

      Nor is it a perfect ellipse.

    5. Re:Error in, error out by sourcerror · · Score: 1

      Woosh!!

    6. Re:Error in, error out by johanatan · · Score: 1

      Hey, if you're gonna woosh me, woosh my parent too. I was merely adding to his point.

    7. Re:Error in, error out by sourcerror · · Score: 1

      Sorry, the whoosh is on me.

  12. Pi r round by jd · · Score: 1

    Not square.

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    1. Re:Pi r round by flappinbooger · · Score: 1

      Not square.

      Besides, a square pi is more of a cobbler, don't you think?

      --
      Flappinbooger isn't my real name
    2. Re:Pi r round by rossdee · · Score: 1

      Back in the land where I was born we had 'meat pies'. They weren't square exactly, more like rectangular with rounded corners.
      (No Apple Computer (TM) had nothing to do with it.)

      I only ever bothered memorizing 10 digits of Pi since that was the number of digits calculators had (back in '74 - it was an HP35

    3. Re:Pi r round by jd · · Score: 1

      In Ye Olde Country, the strangest meat pie was the crescent-moon-shaped Cornish pastie.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  13. BG/P by 1729 · · Score: 1

    Wow, a BlueGene/P is being used to run something other than Linpack. That's gotta be a first.

    Disclaimer: I didn't attend graduate school at U.C. Berkeley, nor am I presently employed by a software company that sells an infrastructure product named PI. I have, however, wasted way too much time trying to get codes to build and run (slowly!) on BG/* platforms.

  14. Re:stupid... by MichaelSmith · · Score: 1

    But there might be a circle in there.

  15. Easy to calculate by Lulu+of+the+Lotus-Ea · · Score: 2

    It's plain easy to calculate the sixty-trillionth digit of Pi... as long as you don't care about the digits that come before it: http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc98/2_28_98/mathland.htm.

    1. Re:Easy to calculate by Aldenissin · · Score: 1

      20 computers a month for the trillionth, much less all 60... trillion. A month with 20 computers for one digit still doesn't seem that straight forward.

      --
      Like a city whose walls are broken down is a man who lacks self-control.
    2. Re:Easy to calculate by godrik · · Score: 1

      GP point is that computing a particular digit of pi is easy, you can even compute it manually. So in particular the 60 trilionth digit is easy to know. Knowing the first 60 trilionth digit is a much harder task.

    3. Re:Easy to calculate by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      But they calculated the sixty-trillionth binary digit of pi squared. And no, that's not the square of the sixty-trillionth binary digit of pi.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    4. Re:Easy to calculate by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      you still have to do an amount of work proportional to 60 trillion

      Actually, Wikipedia lists the runtime of computing the nth digit of pi as O((n log n)^3) using the original BBP algorithm. Apparently this has been improved O(n^2). I'm not sure what the runtime of algorithms which compute the first n digits of pi are.

    5. Re:Easy to calculate by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      That may have been the GP's point, but it's not really correct. It takes O(n^2) time to compute the nth digit of pi using a modification of the BBP formula. The linked article actually alludes to this fact, though only obliquely, in a reference to exponentiation by squaring. You certainly couldn't compute that manually, as in, with a pencil and paper. All is not lost though; more than the quadrillionth binary digit has been computed (though it took a distributed computing project many months), which is *way* ahead of the highest sequential computations.

  16. I know the last digit of pi... by synaptik · · Score: 1

    I know the last digt of pi! It's zero... in base pi.

    --
    HSJ$$*&#^!#+++ATH0
    NO CARRIER
  17. Re:Pi not useful at galactic scale to high accurac by martin-boundary · · Score: 2

    Only kind of. Ever hear about the Gauss Bonnet theorem? In a curved space, the value of Pi still matters.

  18. Base 10 - Bah! by S-100 · · Score: 1

    You humans and your base-10 arithmetic. I use base-pi arithmetic. So pi = 1, and pi squared = 1. Computed in a nanosecond. Of course, it makes other computations slightly more complex. For example, I have about 3.183095825842514 fingers, more or less...

    1. Re:Base 10 - Bah! by Mt._Honkey · · Score: 1

      You humans and your base-10 arithmetic. I use base-pi arithmetic. So pi = 1, and pi squared = 1. Computed in a nanosecond. Of course, it makes other computations slightly more complex. For example, I have about 3.183095825842514 fingers, more or less...

      You just took 10 and divided it by pi and wrote that down, all in base 10. Also, pi in base pi would be 10, not 1 (like 2 is 10 in binary), and pi^2 is 100.

      I'm not certain how other numbers in a non-integer base would be written down, but I think 10 in base pi would be 100.010221222... (pi^2 + pi^-2 + 2*pi^-4 + 2*pi^-5...) There may be multiple representations of the same number. For example, I think 10 could also be 30.121...

      --

      Don't Bogart the fish sticks
    2. Re:Base 10 - Bah! by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      There definitely would be multiple representations of numbers, allowing infinite decimal places and arbitrary integer "digits". You could write pi as 10 or as 3.(stuff that never ends), which is presumably what you meant to type. You could perhaps limit your decimal places to some set of integers, but that seems pretty artificial. Though, perhaps {0, 1} would be sufficient.... Nope. Even 0.111111... would max out at 1/(1-(1/pi)) ~= 1.47 pi. However, 3 would seem to work from an analogous analysis.

    3. Re:Base 10 - Bah! by S-100 · · Score: 1

      Of course I had to simplify my example for your terrans to be able to understand it. But don't you wish you knew how many fingers I really have?

  19. Re:Pi for spheres? by cwebster · · Score: 1

    solid angle

  20. What a waste of time! by SpeZek · · Score: 1

    Give me 10 attempts and I guarantee I can guess this digit faster than the computer can compute it.

    1. Re:What a waste of time! by aquila.solo · · Score: 2

      Since they're calculating in binary, your taking ten attempts to guess isn't really something to brag about. ;-)

    2. Re:What a waste of time! by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      Actually, I think he was already using binary ;)

    3. Re:What a waste of time! by michelcolman · · Score: 1

      There are 10 kinds of people...

  21. Well??!? Is it 1 or 0? by pem · · Score: 1
    The suspense is killing me.

    Of course, this being slashdot, I didn't RTFA.

  22. Universe by pgn674 · · Score: 1

    Question: Knowing the diameter of the observable universe, how many digits of Pi are needed to calculate the circumference of the observable universe, accurate to within 1 plank length?
    Answer: 62 digits. Here they are: 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459

    Calculated this one myself.

    1. Re:Universe by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Question: Knowing the diameter of the observable universe, how many digits of Pi are needed to calculate the circumference of the observable universe, accurate to within 1 plank length?
      Answer: 62 digits. Here they are: 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459

      Calculated this one myself.

      Which global curvature did you assume?

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    2. Re:Universe by rubycodez · · Score: 1

      You are wrong, he obviously meant a standard U.S. 8' two-by-four

    3. Re:Universe by pgn674 · · Score: 1

      Oops. I thought I had double checked that spelling when I originally wrote that. Guess I should have checked again.

    4. Re:Universe by pgn674 · · Score: 1

      I assumed the universe was a three dimensional sphere, with uniform density, and a density parameter of 1 (meaning we use euclidean geometry). I may be wrong, though. I had no idea what you were talking about until I looked it up.

  23. Tau? by colinrichardday · · Score: 1

    Yeah, because it's so hard to calculate 2*pi given pi (to how ever ma).y decimal places.

  24. A time to crack wise... by Torodung · · Score: 2

    I think it would be tremendously funny to find out, at some suitably ridiculous decimal place, that all subsequent places are zero repeating. It would utterly break some people's heads to find out that the number is only "very, very particular," rather than "irrational."

    It is the one hope that holds my interest when I read about crunching these numbers.

    1. Re:A time to crack wise... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative
    2. Re:A time to crack wise... by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      Such a result would cause math, physics, and philosophy to come crashing down on everyone's heads. Pi's transcendence (hence, irrationality) is a beautiful consequence of the Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem. The proof of that theorem is, well, hideous, but the statement is incredibly elegant. It turns linear independence into algebraic independence, from which the transcendence of both pi and e may be very quickly deduced. I believe that there are continued fraction proofs of pi's irrationality that are relatively accessible.

    3. Re:A time to crack wise... by Torodung · · Score: 1

      True. And some people believe there is a God, which is even less likely, and whose proof is less profitable to mankind. I hope for more.

      I hope we're all proven utterly m-fing wrong, about many things, because despite everything we know and all that we can prove, the world is a mess. That is my God. God is the possibility of discovery. And if there is an actual God, He is clearly wrong on purpose, and enjoys the same things I do.

      I want my surprises where they aren't expected to happen. It's fun, and entertaining, and once we figure out where we went wrong, always worth its weight in gold.

      I don't want to calculate pi out to a uselessly precise decimal place because we just want to see the next, very limited (0 through 9) "surprise" that we know is coming.

      So there we go folks: irony. Sorry if I originally sounded clueless, or now sound too condescending. It was a joke, guys, not a real, literal hope and wish.

  25. Nerds by DSS11Q13 · · Score: 1

    Pi = 3

  26. YTMND inspired a lot of people to learn by tepples · · Score: 1

    YTMND inspired a lot of people to learn more digits of Pi. "Pi" by Hard n Phirm became a minor fad there.

  27. Feynman point by tepples · · Score: 1

    There is a sequence of several 9's fairly early in the decimal expansion of pi though. People have joked about memorizing pi out to 770 digits so they can say "...999999 and so on."

    But seriously, the irrationality of arctan(1) (which equals tau/8 or pi/4) has been proven.

    1. Re:Feynman point by michelcolman · · Score: 1

      I believe that was Richard Feynman's joke

  28. Bring the measuring tape. by ArundelCastle · · Score: 1

    'A value of Pi to 40 digits would be more than enough to compute the circumference of the Milky Way galaxy to an error less than the size of a proton.'

    I freaking love mathematicians. Everything has a proof when you can't actually prove it, coming or going.

    1. Re:Bring the measuring tape. by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      Urm, what?

  29. Oh thats just silly by iinlane · · Score: 1

    Everyone knows PI squared is ten.

  30. Cliff-hanger by Arancaytar · · Score: 1

    What IS the sixty trillionth digit of Pi? That's what I'd like to know.

    1. Re:Cliff-hanger by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      1. See my post in another thread up above for more detail.

  31. Re:Exact value of PI-squared was determined long a by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

    Wasn't that value set in the bible long before?

    --
    The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  32. And the answer is... by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

    1. Starting at the 60 trillionth binary decimal place, pi^2 is, in base 8, 601145053032. Expanding to base 2 this is 110 000 001 001 100 101 000 101 011 000 011 010. You can see more at this post on a blog run by David Bailey and Jonathan Borwein of BBP-type formula fame.

    1. Re:And the answer is... by FrootLoops · · Score: 1

      (the B's are for Bailey and Borwein)

    2. Re:And the answer is... by proverbialcow · · Score: 1

      Thanks!

      --
      The only surefire protection against Microsoft infections is abstinence. - The Onion
  33. Re:stupid... by sentientbeing · · Score: 1

    +1 Contact reference

    --

    ------
    beware he who would deny you access to information, for in his mind he dreams himself your master
  34. Re:Pi for spheres? by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

    The surface area of a sphere is (4/3)*pi*r^3. The area of a circle is pi*r^2. Dividing the former by the latter gives (4*pi*r^3)/(3*pi*r^2), which simplifies to (4 * r) / 3, or (4/3) * r. So... no, except in so far as the area of the sphere is defined as a pi-using function of it's radius. Unsurprisingly the ratio of surface area to cross-sectional area is increased when scaling, to the frustration of many a hollywood monster.

  35. Re:Pi for spheres? by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

    No, it's not. See my other post.

  36. Re:Pi not useful at galactic scale to high accurac by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

    A small region of space is sufficiently flat for practical use, in the same manner that a flat map can be used to show a small region of the surface of the earth with low enough error to permit navigation.

  37. Re:Exact value of PI-squared was determined long a by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

    The bible value is three exactly. It's actually detailing the exact size of a ceremonial container: Circular, ten cubits across, thirty around (Big). The 0.1 discrepency is simply because they didn't measure very precisely at the time, and rounded as convenient. It still bothers a few people who have trouble accepting that something made to the design of God could be so sloppily and imperfectly built, so there are a few religious traditions that explain it as esoteric code. Most just accept it as rounding error.

  38. Re:Exact value of PI-squared was determined long a by rubycodez · · Score: 1

    There is no error at all, those are the correct number of whole cubits. You'd have the same issues if the measurement were given to a 0.001 of a cubit. Those who claim some error are ignorant of the concepts both of accuracy and precision.

  39. Re:stupid... by rubycodez · · Score: 1

    Pi can be digitized in an infinite number of representations, your post contains one of them. You promote an ignorance of mathematics.

  40. But the Goodyear dealer by gearloos · · Score: 1

    But the Goodyear Dealer still won't believe me when I show them my tire is out of round.- Go figure

    --
    "Computers are a lot like Air Conditioners" "They both work great until you start opening Windows"
  41. It was a 7. by WebManWalking · · Score: 1

    Surprised EVERYONE.

  42. Re:Pi for spheres? by michelcolman · · Score: 1

    Fail! That would be a surface area expressed in cubic meters?! I'm not a huge fan of dimensional analysis, but here it could have given you a clue that something was not quite right. What's the formula for the volume of a sphere again? A tip if you're having trouble remembering the formulas for volume and surface area of a sphere: the latter is the derivative of the former. O, and unsurprisingly the ratio between two surface areas of an object does not change with uniform scaling. Most Hollywood monsters know this, of course. Now go ahead and apologize. Twice ;-)

  43. Re:Pi for spheres? by michelcolman · · Score: 1

    Yes it is. See my reply to your other post ;-)

  44. Re:Pi for spheres? by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

    Yes, I got the formula mixed up - I was using one for volume rather than surface area, which should be 4*pi*r^3. Simplifying to a ratio of four. I'm not sure where you got the bit about 'cubic meters' from though - all the units I used were unspecified. The math would work in meters, feet or cubits. I should have picked up on the mistake when I saw the r^3, rather than the ^2 you'd expect of an area, but by then was too intent on the algebra that followed.

  45. Re:Pi for spheres? by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

    I stand corrected. Sorry about that, got the formula for area and volume mixed up.

  46. Re:Pi for spheres? by michelcolman · · Score: 1

    I said meters because most scientists prefer SI units, but of course it could have been cubic feet, cubic chains, cubic light years, cubic shackles, or any other weird unit. But cubic anything can never be a unit of area.

  47. Re:Pi for spheres? by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

    I still managed to put ^3 rather than ^2. I used to actually be good at this math stuff.