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Activists May Use Their Targets' Trademarks

lee1 writes "Sometimes political activists use a company's trademark as part of a campaign to embarrass it or call attention to an issue. And sometimes the company sues, claiming that they own the mark and its satirical use is prohibited. Now a Utah court has ruled that such suits must fail because the parodic use of the mark is not commercial and is a form of protected speech."

32 of 203 comments (clear)

  1. Also by Dunbal · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The companies in question should be forced to accept arbitration instead of lawsuits.

    --
    Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
    1. Re:Also by MightyMartian · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Simple. You stack the panels with consumer advocates with baseball bats.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
  2. A big victory... by Reverand+Dave · · Score: 2

    ..for free speech. I completely shocked that this came out of Utah.

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    I got here through a series of tubes
    1. Re:A big victory... by nurb432 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Im shocked it came out of a US court at all.

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      ---- Booth was a patriot ----
    2. Re:A big victory... by AliasMarlowe · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Im shocked it came out of a US court at all.

      You may not have to endure that shock for long.
      An appeal may be forthcoming, with a properly prepped judge.

      --
      Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. - Voltaire
    3. Re:A big victory... by Reverand+Dave · · Score: 2

      That seems to be more in line with our bought and paid for legal system, especially in Utah of all places

      --
      I got here through a series of tubes
    4. Re:A big victory... by Wyatt+Earp · · Score: 2

      And then the losers can appeal all the way to the USSC where it's anyones guess what'll happen.

    5. Re:A big victory... by Cwix · · Score: 5, Informative

      The culture is extremely different. You could make a plausible case that the state was founded as a theocracy, and that those roots are still very much there.

      Just note the state's rules on alcohol.

      The state has no open-door saloons. Full liquor service is available only to dues-paying members of "private" social clubs or at the 470 restaurants with liquor stocks they cannot advertise, display or even mention unless a customer asks first.

      The state's 121 taverns can pour only "light" beer, or 3.2 percent alcohol, and no other alcoholic drinks. No membership is required at taverns. Grocery stores can sell only light beer, too.

      Wine, hard liquor and heavy beer can be purchased at 36 state-run liquor stores - if you can find them. Typically they are tucked away in warehouse districts and off major thoroughfares.

      A quota limits the number of private clubs to one per 7,000 Utah residents, or 295 clubs concentrated primarily in Salt Lake County and Park City. Minimum club dues by law are $12 a year, though visitors can buy a two-week membership for $5. Or visitors can ask the guy on the next barstool to sponsor them as guests.

      I grew up in the bible belt and WE weren't even that strict.

      --
      You are entitled to your own opinions, not your own facts.
    6. Re:A big victory... by spun · · Score: 2, Informative

      Uh, no. You are simply wrong about this. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_mark#Maintaining_rights

      You loose.

      --
      - None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license. -- John Milton
    7. Re:A big victory... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      And a theocracy would want to protect the interests of big business because... ?

    8. Re:A big victory... by careysub · · Score: 4, Informative

      This is not about free speech. The companies MUST file a law suit, because otherwise they loose their trademark.

      This has nothing to do with satirical or political or whatever. If they don't sue or at least protest,they loose the trademark.

      Nope.

      Overview of Trademark Law: "The standard is "likelihood of confusion." To be more specific, the use of a trademark in connection with the sale of a good constitutes infringement if it is likely to cause consumer confusion as to the source of those goods or as to the sponsorship or approval of such goods. In deciding whether consumers are likely to be confused, the courts will typically look to a number of factors, including: (1) the strength of the mark; (2) the proximity of the goods; (3) the similarity of the marks; (4) evidence of actual confusion; (5) the similarity of marketing channels used; (6) the degree of caution exercised by the typical purchaser; (7) the defendant's intent."

      So - unless the political activists are trying to sell a similar product or service that will confuse consumers then it cannot infringe, and the companies filing the suits know that very, very well.

      You are just trying to justify a sub-class of SLAPP suits: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_lawsuit_against_public_participation.

      --
      Starships were meant to fly, Hands up and touch the sky - Nicky Minaj
    9. Re:A big victory... by LunaticTippy · · Score: 5, Informative

      My father grew up in a small mining town in Utah. His family was not Mormon, and it made life much harder than it needed to be. My grandpa, uncle, and father were passed over for promotion, harassed, excluded, refused service at businesses, charged extortionate prices for services such as funerals, contractors, automobile repair, etc.

      They were pressured to join the Mormon church. The relatives I have who stayed there all caved in and now toe the line. They gripe and mock in private, but they go to meetings and tithe.

      It is better in SLC (or as I've seen it humorously abbreviated SL,UT) - it is easy for tourists or short term visitors to forget they are in the beehive state. Things take a darker turn if you are perceived as wanting to become a permanent resident.

      --
      Man, you really need that seminar!
    10. Re:A big victory... by Zorque · · Score: 2

      Most of that info is out of date as of last June, just FYI.

      For instance, bars are no longer required to be private clubs; and I can think of 6 liquor stores within 2 miles of me, none of which are the least bit "tucked away".

  3. This could get interesting by davidwr · · Score: 2

    I can't wait for the BigCoSucks Federation* (*funded by Mega Incorporated) and MegaIncSuxx2** (**funded by Big Company) duke it out.

    ===
    Any resemblance between Big Company and Mega Incorporated and any real entity is purely satirical and is not intended for commercial purposes. My lawyer made me say that.

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
  4. Finally! by davidiii · · Score: 3, Funny

    On behalf of Exxon/Mobil, I'd just like to say that it's about god damn time.

  5. Re:hmmm. by MightyMartian · · Score: 3, Funny

    Don't worry. I'm sure the judge has twelve wives and seventy children under the age of 18.

    --
    The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
  6. Re:PETA by TheABomb · · Score: 4, Funny

    The National Association of Marlon Brando Look-Alikes is already working on its appeal.

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    MSIE: The world's most standards-complaint web browser.
  7. Re:For the People by ArsonSmith · · Score: 2

    Big Satire has a huge lobbing division and many offices in DC.

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    Paying taxes to buy civilization is like paying a hooker to buy love.
  8. Fair use by loufoque · · Score: 2

    Isn't satirical work basically the definition of fair use?

    1. Re:Fair use by PRMan · · Score: 3, Interesting

      No, parody is. Satire would be Wayne Gretzky using a picture of Mickey Mouse to say that the New Jersey Devils are a "mickey-mouse" organization. Parody would be a comedy show using the New Jersey Devils logo in a comedy piece on the matter. Actually, they could probably get away with a picture of Mickey Mouse at that point as well.

      --
      Peter predicted that you would "deliberately forget" creation 2000 years ago...
    2. Re:Fair use by jfengel · · Score: 3, Informative

      Not for trademarks, it isn't. Fair use of trademarks extends primarily to "nominative use". That is, we get to use your name when we're talking about you. Any other attempt to profit from the mark is controlled by the company. It should be fairly clear that you can use "Foo(tm)" to declare that "Foo(tm) Sucks", but if there's a chance of consumer confusion between your use of the mark and the company's, you get into murky legal waters. The court literally ends up having to decide, on a case-by-case basis, whether the joke is actually funny.

      As with everything else in law, there are about a million complications, caveats, and such like. A good article on the subject:

      http://www.cll.com/articles/trademark-parody-statutory-and-nominative-fair-use-under-the-lanham-act#PARODY%20AS%20FAIR%20USE

    3. Re:Fair use by EuclideanSilence · · Score: 2

      I don't think the editors got the summary wrong. Satire, specifically the use of copyright material to criticize something, by itself is not protected as fair use. It is natural that the owner of the copyright material would try to convince the court that it is being used only as satire, as the summary says.

      Parody, specifically the use of copyright material to criticize or make humor about the material itself, is protected by fair use. The court ruled that the use was a parody. The summary isn't saying parodies are satires, it is simply using the terms as the 2 sides of the case probably used them to describe the same material. Satire and parody are not strictly exclusive.

      This PDF have a nice summary of related cases and whatnot to explain the courts view on satire vs parody in terms of fair use:
      http://www.fbm.com/docs/speaking_engagement/e5734cbb-85e9-464c-9696-09947cefcf06_document.pdf

  9. Re:For the People by tnk1 · · Score: 2

    They even own their own Senator!

  10. Not the correct reason by Skapare · · Score: 2

    While I cheer the outcome of this ruling, the reasoning behind it is, IMHO, not the correct one to decide the issue if applicability of a trademark. The reasoning should be based on the fact that an established trademark is the reference to a specific party in trade (e.g. a company, or even an individual where that applies). Normally we expect that the reference is made by that party itself. However, reference can be made by another party ... as long as the reference is the correct one.

    The names of companies like Apple and Google, and the products of companies like Ipod or Windows, are trademarks that are established. As long as a reference to "Ipod" refers to the Apple product, and a reference to "Windows" refers to the Microsoft product, then they are correct usage of trademark. If I say "I own an Ipod", then I have committed no violation of that trademark (because I really do own one unit of that Apple product). If I blog about how "Windows is totally insecure", I may or may not be telling a truth about its security, but I'm still referring to the Microsoft product. It's not a trademark violation.

    What I cannot do is make a misreference, especially if I am doing so as part of commerce. But it is already commonplace to make reference to competing products in a commercial context. It does get fuzzy here, because merely using the trademark icon may get out of context and be considered something that is attracting. If Pepsi were to put the CocaCola logo on the Pepsi web site in a very large image, and in smaller letters say "that product is not as good as ours", it could be mistaken as a use of the trademark to identify its own products. But if they keep the logo very small, especially with other soft drink logos around, and say things like "independent taste tests of all these products rank ours number one" then it can be clearly a statement of fact (which, if untrue, may be an issue of defamation ... but is not a trademark violation).

    The above opinions are NOT a statement of how the law in the USA is, but rather, how I believe it SHOULD be, and how I hope judges would rule to make it be so, if we can't get rid of the Republicans in Congress to make the right statutes.

    --
    now we need to go OSS in diesel cars
    1. Re:Not the correct reason by blair1q · · Score: 2

      No, if this ruling had failed, you could call a spade a spade, but you couldn't use their spade-shaped logo on your website. The logo is not the company name, it's a created image that belongs to the company. The company name is public record. The company's logo is company property.

      This ruling says you can use company property to mock the company. Should have been obvious, but needed a court test for some legal reason. Now it's precedent. Yippee...

  11. Re:but couldn't they just... by Opportunist · · Score: 2

    But let's be frank here, the fallout usually drops on their head, then.

    Or how do you feel about the lady that sued McD for hot coffee after spilling it on her lap by being DUMB enough to hold it there while driving? Or the microwaving-the-poodle incident?

    The Streisand-Effect only works on companies that actually do something wrong. If they get sued by people too stupid to find their own ass with both hands, you'll usually see these people bearing the brunt.

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  12. Re:PETA by porges · · Score: 2

    You have a digestive issue with pita bread? It's bread. Perhaps you meants to joke about some other food?

  13. Re:For the People by mug+funky · · Score: 2

    what do they lob?

  14. Re:Some parts of the Bible Belt are stricter by hairyfeet · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Yep I live in a dry county and I'd say they are a perfect example of how sin laws NEVER work and a free market will simply route around them like with a black market.

    I know in my "dry" county there is at least two bootleggers in every neighborhood and most don't give a crap if you're 16 as long as you've got cash, and the cops don't say squat either as they don't want to drive 60 miles round trip just to get a 6 pack after work and they know they can get it at cost from the bootlegger (instead of the 40% markup) as long as they don't go busting the bootlegger, so we end up with MORE alcohol than if they would have simply made the county wet, and of course worse underage drinking since bootleggers don't card. Sadly since the chief source of money in this county is the local Xian college good luck ever getting it repealed.

    As for TFA frankly I don't care where the hell that judge is from, it is DAMNED NICE to see a judge showing some common sense and standing up for something as important to this country as free speech. Bravo sir, and even if the Kock bros (spelling intentional) manage to bribe someone on appeals you should at least be commended for standing up for what is right. As for whether that PETA satire should have been busted, absolutely not. We should ALWAYS support free speech, period. Same as even though I don't believe or support his opinions I believe the one that wrote that "pro pedo" book should NOT have been busted for putting his thoughts on paper.

    For as my grandfather taught me when I asked if he was mad at those Illinois Nazis for wanting to march after he had a wall dropped on him by Nazis in the closing days of WWII "No we should support their right to speak, even when what they say is hateful or evil, as it is what made this country great. There nobody was allowed to speak out against those brownshirts, but here we can counter protest and debate and speak our minds. That is what freedom is all about." He taught me that freedom is NEVER "free to agree with me only" and that to have a healthy society one had to tolerate ALL free speech and open debate, lest we end up as close minded and locked down as they were. Smart man my grandfather and I'm sure he would approve of this ruling whole heartedly.

    --
    ACs don't waste your time replying, your posts are never seen by me.
  15. is not commercial by JumperCable · · Score: 2

    Now a Utah court has ruled that such suits must fail because the parodic use of the mark is not commercial and is a form of protected speech.

    People need to be careful about this distinction. The judge has clearly supported noncommercial parody's. But a for profit company like the Onion may still be at risk.

  16. Re:Domain names too? by SydShamino · · Score: 2

    You could have registered apple-bites.com anyway. Just make it your blog about Granny Smiths and Red Delicious and you'd be fine.

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    It doesn't hurt to be nice.
  17. Re:but couldn't they just... by david_thornley · · Score: 2

    Nobody else seems to be looking anything up, so I won't either.

    IIRC, the woman bought a cup of coffee, and held it between her legs while parked. She removed the lid to add white liquid (probably not cream) and/or sugar, and the cup collapsed. The burns resulted in substantial medical bills, which she asked McDonald's to pay.

    The critical factor here was that the cup was deemed to be too flimsy, and that McDonald's was negligent in not providing unusually hot liquids in cups that could stay intact once the lid was removed. The heat of the coffee is of interest only in that it resulted in greater scalding, although the hotter the liquid the more important that the cup hold it.

    --
    "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes