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Hybrid Human-Animal DNA Experiments Raise Concerns

Kevin Fishburne writes "British scientists are calling for a new agency to oversee the mixing of human and animal DNA, which is progressing at a rate most may not be aware of: 'Among experimentation that might spark concern are those where human brain cells might change animal brains, those that could lead to the fertilization of human eggs in animals and any modifications of animals that might create attributes considered uniquely human, like facial features, skin or speech. ... Some disagree. "We think some of these should be done, but they should be done in an open way to maintain public confidence," said Robin Lovell-Badge, head of stem cell biology and developmental genetics at Britain's Medical Research Council, one of the expert group members. He said experiments injecting human brain cells into the brains of rats might help develop new stroke treatments or that growing human skin on mice could further understanding of skin cancer.'"

32 of 311 comments (clear)

  1. Oh noes... by virgnarus · · Score: 3, Insightful

    A furry's wet dream... *shudder*

  2. They reached this conclusion by Chrisq · · Score: 2

    Among experimentation that might spark concern are those where human brain cells might change animal brains, those that could lead to the fertilization of human eggs in animals and any modifications of animals that might create attributes considered uniquely human, like facial features, skin or speech.

    They reached this conclusion after much consideration, i.e. watching a preview of Rise of the Planet of the Apes: In the Beginning

  3. Stalins dream might come true... by madhatter256 · · Score: 2

    Reminds me of this:

    http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/sciencetech/stalins-deranged-vision-human-ape-super-race/1257

    Saw it on History Channel a few years back. Didn't know there was active research going on in mixing human DNA with brains.

    Isn't this story a coincidence when the move Rise of the Planet of the Apes is about to come out?? Pretty scary

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  4. eat your heart out by snookerhog · · Score: 2

    eat your heart out Seth Brundle

  5. FFS by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Do we have to include the ghastly emotive rot among the potentially legitimate concerns?

    Zoonotic diseases are certainly a real issue(though we've caught plenty just through good, old-fashioned, living in close proximity), and any techniques that would hypothetically involve the production of excessively human central nervous systems in laboratory animals might get ethically dodgy; but are "skin" and "facial features" really 'uniquely human' attributes that squick us out so much we just can't stand it? The idea that having a cartilage-and-soft-tissue structure that looks kind of human, rather than having a differently shaped one, is somehow an 'ethical' problem, rather than pure squeamishness, is just emotive rot.

    "The effect of custom, in preventing any misgiving respecting the rules of conduct which mankind impose on one another, is all the more complete because the subject is one on which it is not generally considered necessary that reasons should be given, either by one person to others, or by each to himself. People are accustomed to believe, and have been encouraged in the belief by some who aspire to the character of philosophers, that their feelings, on subjects of this nature, are better than reasons, and render reasons unnecessary." -J.S. Mill

  6. Catgirls first by Remus+Shepherd · · Score: 4, Funny

    If making catgirls becomes illegal in Britain, we'll just make them in Japan. That would be disastrous. The Japanese are already years ahead of us in catgirl technology. We cannot afford a greater catgirl gap.

    --
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  7. And so what? by gestalt_n_pepper · · Score: 2

    So we mix some code together and it's what? Not what nature intended? Who give a rat's patoot? Are we playing [insert favorite diety here]? Again, so what?

    I'm just having some trouble with the ethical implications. WHAT ethical implications? How is a hybrid any more good or evil than a naturally occurring organism? Help me out here guys, and no offense, but if you can't make an argument without reference to diefic entity nonsense, I'm not interested (unless of course, it's really, really funny).

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    1. Re:And so what? by Xest · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The problem is that species have evolved with what they have over time, so that problematic and crippling mutations are rapidly selected out.

      If you start creating hybrids, you create traits for which a species has not evolved, and as such those traits may have massively debilitating effects on the creature.

      Effectively, when we've long learnt that sometimes the best thing to do for an animal that is suffering, is to put it down, because it's more ethical than letting it suffer, then is it not ethically wrong to create creatures that will suffer with the intention of keeping them alive for experiments?

      Would it be fair to manipulate a human embryo to make it grow up with skin cancer all over it's body to examine skin cancer? is it fair to do it to an animal?

      I'll admit I side with the activists here, I think it is cruel and quite horrible, however, I'm also not sure that if we want to advance science that there's any alternative, and that leaves us at a disturbing crossroads- is the advancement of science worth ignoring ethical concerns? If it is in this case then where does it stop, where is the line drawn at which point it is not worth it? or do we carry on until we really do have mad scientists like in the movies!

    2. Re:And so what? by smolloy · · Score: 2

      One issue could be the question of the rights of the hybrid. For example, humans have many rights that cows don't, but what about a cow with a human central nervous system?

      Or other primates with bits and pieces of human "code" in their brains? If we say that this animal isn't human, and therefore only deserving of the rights normally given to other primates even though it shows clear signs of human intelligence, wouldn't that somehow be wrong? But on the other hand, should they have full human rights, a seat at the UN, etc.?

      Stretching things a little, wouldn't it be possible to create a slave-class of creature, with many of the abilities of humans but none of the rights?

      There would seem to be a lot of room for a lot of pain to be caused if we don't get this right.

    3. Re:And so what? by ElectricTurtle · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Do you know what has to happen before nature can 'rapidly select out' bad mutations? They have to exist first. We are a part of nature, produced by natural processes, and I would argue that making mutated things with a purpose is better than other natural mutations that are mere accidents of reproduction. "Bad" mutations are going to happen anyway, they might as well at least be useful.

      All of this requires perspective. Tests done on animals that were both fatal and brutal have in the end saved millions of lives. I would gladly personally torture an animal or a dozen to death if it would save a million human lives, and that is a natural instinct. It's what's put us where we are in the first place. Animals that are vicious tend to survive better in a universe that doesn't care.

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    4. Re:And so what? by inasity_rules · · Score: 2

      Someone else points out this could increase the spread of disease from animals to humans for a start. Additionally how ethical is it to create something potentially intelligent, and then have it suffer in a lab all its life?

      These things are not black and white. Even within religious circles. What we (regardless of belief system) need to start looking at is what consequences do our actions have. If you choose to call it "bad", "evil", "increasing suffering" or even "threatening our continued survival as a species" that is up to you. But playing around in this area has very real and very serious ethical issues. And if you can't see these obvious things without having them spelled out, I really wonder if you understand ethics at all?

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    5. Re:And so what? by ElectricTurtle · · Score: 2

      At a certain threshold, yes. There have been many instances of human genocide where the fear of what might happen to one's immediate family has led to the death of millions. When each decides as individual to put themselves and their loved ones over the lives of millions just because they are strangers, the aggregate effect is things like the holocaust.

      It's very much a topic explored by things like the game '1378' which has players take turns as border guards and defectors in East Germany. As a border guard you can choose to shoot the defectors, knowing they are innocents simply trying to find a better life, or you can let them go. The latter will land you and potentially your family in prison by the DDR, but the former will land you in prison later after reunification. You have to figure out what is really right or wrong, you can't rely simply on laws or immediate consequences.

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  8. Re:Welcome to the future, get your vaccine! by drinkypoo · · Score: 4, Interesting

    If Slashdot had circles, I would add you to one called "fruitbat".

    There are no indigenous vegetarians, let alone vegans.

    If you're using your spine properly, you don't need any adjustments. Try Tai Chi.

    Live naturally, that doesn't include chiropractic care! Enjoy your nasty, brutish, and short life. The last people to naturally live over a hundred years on a regular basis failed to develop their technology (this was the cost of their lifestyle) and were essentially wiped out.

    Or put another way, if we were made, we were obviously made to wage war, among the other things. So by extension, all the funky food and TV watching is also natural.

    In summary: I find your theories laughable, and I wish to pee on your newsletter

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  9. Easy way to control this by Attila+Dimedici · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Pass laws that any creature with human DNA is human and has the same rights as any other human. Have the law make those who create such creatures be financially responsible for them until such time as they can be demonstrated to be able to care for themselves.

    --
    The truth is that all men having power ought to be mistrusted. James Madison
    1. Re:Easy way to control this by cnettel · · Score: 4, Informative

      And suddenly you have a whole different bag of problems. Even just sequencing genomes have frequently been done by putting huge parts of human DNA into yeast or other hosts as a method for amplification and storage. Are the yeast cells human? No. Is a mouse with a single human gene (maybe a disease allele) human? No, and your suggestion would seriously hamper research. Is a bacterium with a human or rather human-derived insulin gene human? No.

      On the other hand, is there a problem if one would create e.g. the equivalent of a geep (a sheep-goat chimera, really two distinctive cell lines constituting different parts of the same body) from chimp and human lines? I would definitely think so. The tipping point is not too clear, and that's really the problem here. "Any creature with human DNA" is far too broad, so what criterion should we use.

    2. Re:Easy way to control this by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 4, Informative

      I'm afraid that I have some bad news for you: Even non-biologists might end up making some pretty massive child-support payments(and having to put up with some fairly nasty organisms).

      While horizontal gene transfer, in nature, doesn't seem to be as common in large eukaryotes as it is in bacteria, there are trillions and trillions of viruses out there, and sometimes they are sloppy. You definitely contain nontrivial amounts of their DNA, some of them might have acquired a few little bits of you...

    3. Re:Easy way to control this by JustinOpinion · · Score: 2

      It's that easy, is it?

      Giving human rights to constructs that have some human DNA would needlessly complicate a whole slew of matters. It also doesn't resolve things as clearly as you think it might: e.g. comatose or terminal humans certainly have human DNA, yet there is lively debate about how far their rights extend and whether we should keep them alive at all costs or let them die. Unborn embryo and fetuses have human DNA; and again society hasn't decided how many human rights they ought to have. A severed human limb, or surgically removed organ have fully human DNA yet clearly don't have human rights. Why should a non-sentient mass of tissue with some (or all) human DNA have human rights? Primates already have significant genetic overlap with humans, and substantial intelligence. Should they be accorded full human rights? Trying to treat constructs/tissue/animals as human doesn't make things clear at all. It raises more questions than it answers.

      Besides, your maximalist solution amounts to saying that we shouldn't do these things: if every creature with partial human DNA is considered a full human, then it would be presumptively unethical to create such creatures for the purposes of research or tissue harvesting (even if they are, e.g. no more thinking and feeling than the cattle we happily slaughter today). You've circumvented the debate and gone straight for the "we shouldn't be doing this" conclusion. If that's really the conclusion we want, then an outright legal ban would be simpler and clearer.

      But really, we should probably pursue these technologies in an ethical way. This will require some deep thought about ethics. We will need to decide more clearly what gives people their rights. Is it just human lineage? Is it our unique mental capacities? Our sentience? Our ability to feel pain? Our ability to communicate? A combination of all of these? I believe there are ways to pursue these research topics ethically; and we need to figure out how. But I don't think simplistic blanket rules will get us very far.

  10. As long as by boristdog · · Score: 4, Funny

    As long as I can get a cat that will tell me exactly what it wants instead of me having to figure it out, I'm good.

    Then they can apply that gene to women.

    1. Re:As long as by grimmjeeper · · Score: 3, Insightful

      As long as I can get a cat that will tell me exactly what it wants instead of me having to figure it out, I'm good.

      Then they can apply that gene to women.

      That's easy. But there's one fatal flaw to this idea. In order to give women the ability to just tell people what they want, you have to insert a Y chromosome. Trouble is, that turns them into a man.

  11. Re:Watchers? by ElectricTurtle · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Yes, let's scare more people with a bunch of fictional nonsense intended to play on people's fears and fool them into believing that fear response is the same as morality.

    H.G. Wells was a great author, but that does not qualify him to be a credible source of perspective on the ethics of genetic research, especially when his implicit goal was to be salacious enough to sell books, not to have the most honest and balanced possible view.

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  12. Sub-creation by tepples · · Score: 2

    Are we playing [insert favorite diety here]? Again, so what?

    Agreed. Man was created in God's image according to some major religions. As I understand it, and as J.R.R. Tolkien understood it, this includes the capacity to create, and sub-creation of works that echo God's creation is one way that mortals honor God.

  13. Re:Burn the ethics committee by jellomizer · · Score: 2

    Ethics is an important part of Science. And should be considered whenever you do an experiment. But ethics are rarely if ever black and white. But something that needs to be weighed.
    Do you jump to animal testing before you sit down and do the math and run simulations?
    Do you do a psychological study without having an educated hypothesis what will happen? If it doesn't happen when should you terminate so you can re-evaluate?

    I am not saying we should allow all the nuts go out and say this is evil because God says it is because we interpret this translation of this book to say that. But Science should strongly keep an ethic mindset before they jump to do something, and not let the excitement of discovery push you past the line.

    You have a small group of religious nuts out there, if they can show that you toss ethics aside to do the work they will gather groups of people who are more moderate. Then you loose your funding, having to defend yourself, trouble getting new funding, etc....

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  14. What cats want. by petes_PoV · · Score: 3, Funny

    It's fairly obvious what cats want. They want their servants to understand their needs and fulfill their wishes before they have realised what they want, themselves. If you're not doing this, the fault is yours, not theirs. Maybe you're mixed up about who is in charge in that relationship?

    --
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  15. Language! by domulys · · Score: 2

    From the last line of the article: "it’s a human thing to have a memory.”

    Memory is not the real issue ... the real issue is language. Yes, dolphins, whales, birds, etc. can communicate, but not with an infinitely rich grammar. Many anthropologists (and, not surprisingly, linguists) believe that language is key to understanding the uniqueness of the human mind. To me, that's what makes brain cell implantation freaky.

    Surely one cell is not too controversial. Two... maybe a little. But once you start down this path, think about where it could go:

    Day 137: Rats seem to react to their names.
    Day 409: Rats react to basic commands ("Go left" or "Go right")
    Day 687: Rats are able to respond to simple yes/no questions ("Are you hungry?")
    Day 992: Rat named Stickers cheeps one word: "Stop."

    I'm not passing any judgement on this research ... just sayin' that we're entering some uncharted waters.

  16. Re:Watchers? by GameboyRMH · · Score: 2

    That's completely ridicuSQUIRREL!

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  17. Re:Watchers? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    If these experiments get me a catgirl Fairuza Balk, I can only say I'm okay with it.

    If she can lick herself, what does she need you for?

  18. Re:Welcome to the future, get your vaccine! by hamburgler007 · · Score: 3, Funny

    I absolutely agree, and everyone here is way too tough on Dr. Bob. A few years ago I had a severe case of Bonus Eruptus. It was so bad some days I just couldn't get out of bed. One trip to a chiropractor (his name was Nick), and I was pretty much cured. Those adjustments were a life saver.

  19. Re:Welcome to the future, get your vaccine! by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

    Actually, I like chiropractors who realize they are body mechanics. But in general we get into these problems because we are using our bodies in ways for which we have not prepared. Accidents happen so I don't want to kill all the chiropractors. I went to one (I think her name was Marie Cafasso but maybe I'm confusing her with some other Chiropractor in Santa Cruz County) who was really great. And then I went to one in Lakeport (P.Q.) who was a completely useless leech who did not even bother to address my actual problem, presumably in pursuit of a followup visit. The way to find the real ones is to look for a "sports" chiropractor... in my very limited experience that was gained when I woke up with a rib out of place after sleeping on an oddly tilted bed.

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  20. Oblig Simpsons Quote by flink · · Score: 2

    God-schmod. I want my monkey man!

  21. Re:Welcome to the future, get your vaccine! by CRCulver · · Score: 2

    I was originally a fan of the chiropractic troll, but I don't think it's destined for classic status. When you see "Dr. Bob" at the top of a post, now you immediately know how it's going to end. Personally, I wish the ladyboy-hermaphrodite troll had been more active, because it was harder to remember the posters responsible for them, and you would get suckered into reading the whole post until the surprise troll ending.

  22. Re:Burn the ethics committee by Sloppy · · Score: 2

    The ethics committee says, "Do not burn ethics committee." Perhaps you should try taunting them instead.

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  23. Re:Burn the ethics committee by mcgrew · · Score: 2

    One thing we haven't really realized is that any animal with vocal chords also has a speech center in their brain and speaks to other animals. True that we know of no other animal with speech as complex or sophisticated as ours, but anyone who doesn't understand what a dog is saying when he tells you "get the fuck away from my territory or I'll eat you" or "OUCH" is more dimwitted than the dog.

    You think birds or whales sing to make music? I doubt any species but us make music.