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Moon Younger Than Previously Thought

TaeKwonDood writes "Analysis of a piece of lunar rock brought back to Earth by the Apollo 16 mission in 1972 has shown that the Moon may be much younger than previously believed. Researchers say that the findings allow for one of two possibilities: the moon is 200 million years younger than previously thought, or the theory that the moon used to be a molten ocean is wrong."

31 of 212 comments (clear)

  1. Or... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    God just made it that way. He's God. He's makes moons however he wants.

    1. Re:Or... by sexconker · · Score: 3, Interesting

      God is an irrational expression of the need for meaning in your life. Don't try and force your irrationality upon others.

      Cogito Ergo Sum. But you? You're probably just a complex meat puppet governed by the deterministic laws of physics. Until you can prove that you are conscious/sentient/aware, I must conclude that I am the only conscious entity in the Universe, therefore, I am god.

      (Just as it is not rational to assume I am the only conscious entity in the Universe, it is not categorically irrational to believe in God.)

    2. Re:Or... by SplashMyBandit · · Score: 4, Funny

      Pink Unicorns don't exist, but the Flying Spaghetti Monster touches us (not the bad touching!) with his noodly appendage: [cite] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster

    3. Re:Or... by Silvermistshadow · · Score: 2

      Please show us your evidence that God doesn't exist, Herr Prosecutor.

      --
      Any comments made by the owner of this signature should be disregarded as irrelevant, uninformed, and idiotic.
    4. Re:Or... by Arancaytar · · Score: 5, Funny

      Yeah, it actually took two attempts to adjust his aim. That's where the dinosaurs went.

    5. Re:Or... by inasity_rules · · Score: 4, Informative

      believing in something for which there is absolutely no evidence, and in fact is contra-indicated by the evidence,

      That is debatable. Some would say, those who believe in God have a different view of the universe than you. The view is arguably self consistent and rational. They merely start from a different set of assumptions (or arguably have a few less assumptions than you) about the nature of things.

      As another atheist said, strong atheism is indefensible. Not even Dawkins for all his passion states "THERE IS NO GOD". There is a "probably" in his statements. It is an emotional argument viewpoint to say categorically that there is no God, no more, no less. It lacks understanding of the other side and is generally a bit silly.

      Rather say (from your POV) God is not likely. While even that is debatable, it is at least more honest.

      And now will someone mod this whole thread down for being off-topic. Including this post please.

      --
      I have determined that my sig is indeterminate.
    6. Re:Or... by mr_gorkajuice · · Score: 2

      There's 0 evidence for it

      Contrary to popular believe, there's 0 evidence against it.
      There's a reason religion is "believed in" rather than "known to be true".

    7. Re:Or... by Walt+Dismal · · Score: 2

      This is God. I have a Slashdot account. Because even I get bored.

    8. Re:Or... by Smigh · · Score: 2

      I'd refuse your request and mod you up if I could because that really needs to be said. As an atheist myself, the monopoly atheists in these sort of discussions think they have on reason just shows a lack of understanding of the other side.

    9. Re:Or... by YttriumOxide · · Score: 3, Informative

      Rather say (from your POV) God is not likely. While even that is debatable, it is at least more honest.

      While you're technically correct, the problem is that you then end up needing to do that for pretty much everything to be consistent, which is just a massive drain on time and common sense. If I say "There are no people in this office other than me", what I really mean is "There are no people in this office other than me, as far as I can tell, based on everything my senses tell me, combined with common sense and an admittedly incomplete understanding of the laws of the universe.". After all, I can't really rule out that there is someone hiding in one of the cupboards, or that a colleague hasn't recently invented an invisibility cloak and is just remaining quiet.

      It's the same when I say "There are no gods". What I really mean is that as far as I can tell, based on everything my senses tell me, combined with common sense and an admittedly incomplete understanding of the laws of the universe, there are no gods. It just gets a bit cumbersome to say so. I would hazard a guess that the majority of people making similar statements mean similar things.

      --
      My book about LSD and Self-Discovery
      Also on facebook as: DroppingAcidDaleBewan
    10. Re:Or... by YttriumOxide · · Score: 2

      While you're technically correct, the problem is that you then end up needing to do that for pretty much everything to be consistent, which is just a massive drain on time and common sense. If I say "There are no people in this office other than me", what I really mean is "There are no people in this office other than me, as far as I can tell, based on everything my senses tell me, combined with common sense and an admittedly incomplete understanding of the laws of the universe.".

      The above is a very flawed way of thinking. "there are no people in the office other than me" and "there are no gods" are hardly comparable statements.

      I consider them to be fairly comparable... both are statements of the existence or non-existence of some things. Where it falls down is perhaps that "there being people in my office" is on the balance of probability, a much likelier thing than "there are gods"; but aside from that, the core of the statements is basically the same.

      When you make a strong claim like "There are no gods" and stop there, you are essentially trolling. People care if there are or aren't gods, whereas nobody really cares how many people are in the office.

      Whether people care or not is totally irrelevant to the facts of the universe. Either there ARE people in my office, or there are not. Either there ARE gods, or there are not. The amount of emotional investment by people in these things has no bearing on that at all.

      It does of course have a bearing on how people will react to those statements (hence your reference to trolling, which I don't totally disagree with), but not to the validity of the statements themselves.

      So, when having a conversation that is not directly about the existence of gods, I'm more likely to phrase it a little better to avoid sounding like a bigot; but when directly discussing the existence of gods, I'd rather just speak plainly to avoid misunderstandings.

      The number of people in your office doesn't influence the way we look at the universe. It has very little impact whatsoever. Additionally you may notice I was replying to cas200 who made the statement that "believing in "God" is *precisely* as irrational as believing in Invisible Pink Unicorns - no more, no less." Which is a very debatable statement. And as far as I can see is a false statement.

      If there were invisible pink unicorns ( invisible and pink?!) that would change the way we view the universe.

      Only if people believed in them... if there really were invisible pink unicorns, and no-one believed in them then the way we view the universe would be exactly the same as it is now. This is the same as gods. If there really are gods, then I'm wrong and you're right, but their existence or not doesn't change how I view the universe since my belief hasn't changed. If there really aren't any, then I'm right and you're wrong, but since there's no way for you to really KNOW they aren't there, you'll continue believing in them and continuing seeing the universe the way you do.

      So basically, the existence or non-existence of something has nothing to do with how people perceive the universe, but rather the belief in the existence of something. This is the other side of the coin to my other statement that could be summed up by saying the that belief in something has no bearing on actual existence.

      But the number of people who believe in such is small, so claiming they don't exist is unlikely to be a successful troll. And nobody so far has offered a belief system that has pink unicorns in it on a significant scale to be analyzed. Again, the two statements are not comparable.

      The point you still miss, is a equally rational person starting from a different viewpoint(read set of working assumptions) will reach different conclusions about the nature of the universe.

      I would argue that the person is working from a flawed set of as

      --
      My book about LSD and Self-Discovery
      Also on facebook as: DroppingAcidDaleBewan
    11. Re:Or... by YttriumOxide · · Score: 2

      For example, test for other people in the room. Now, test for gods. This much should be obvious.

      Unfortunately, I don't think it's quite that straightforward. After all, how do I go about testing for other people in the room? What if they're wearing some kind of invisibility cloak that they invented? How about if I've been hyptonised to not see them? etc, etc.

      I reject on principle that any test I perform is necessarily correct, accurate and covers all eventualities. I am human and therefore flawed.

      I however ALSO reject on principle that no test can be defined that tests for the existence of a god. Simply we don't yet have such tests since the definition keeps slipping ("God of the gaps"). If eventually everything in the universe is empirically tested (impossible for us to do, but that doesn't mean it can't in theory be done), and no god has appeared, then the only answer left is that the god is outside of the universe AND does not interact with it in any way. Being both outside of the universe and not interacting with it in any way is identical to not existing.

      (relatedly, but not identically: if humans have "souls" and after death these go off to "heaven" which is also outside of the universe and doesn't interact with it in any way, then I'd contest that these souls have nothing to do with the person that they used to be attached to - they couldn't retain memory since that's a function of the brain, which is a part of this universe)

      By "if there were" I meant "if there were known to be", which I assumed was obvious, but on second thoughts maybe isn't. My apologies.

      Sorry, after re-reading, I see what you were meaning. It wasn't obvious the first time around. However that doesn't really help your case... if "there were known to be gods" (or invisible pink unicorns) that would also change how we view the universe. There aren't "known" to be gods though... only "believed".

      I would not agree that the set of assumptions is flawed. Just different. Seeing it as flawed is a result of the limitations of your POV. I(and most people religious people I know) do not reject Occams razor, but I disagree that it leads to atheism. The application of any of these rules we set ourselves depends on the context in which we apply them. I have never encountered a religion that states that God(or gods) created (or were created by ) a universe that did not follow a fairly consistent set of rules. Whether God (or gods) can break these rules is another question entirely. And breaking them at least often indicates an illogical god. Else why create them?

      That's a very good question, and leads to the same question of why the god in question needs to be there at all. If they create a universe that behaves according to a set of rules and then never break those rules (whether they can or not), then what's the empircal difference between the god existing and not existing? And that brings us back to Occam's razor...

      For most religions science is a valid way of studying god(s) creation. Unless you count the fundamentalists, but while vocal they are often hardly representative. You seem to only see the two extremes, when in reality most people seem to fall closer to middle ground. Just because someone believes in God or gods does not mean they reject science. The two aren't necessarily incompatible.

      My stepfather is a very scientific minded man. He's also a minister in the Anglican church. I'm definitely aware that the two are not incompatible. However, you still haven't said anything that would make me think he or any other religious person has really endeavoured to examine their beliefs in a logical and rational way.

      However what specific problem do you have with religions? Sure they won't all be complete without unprovable assumptions, but that is true of anything, if Godel was right. Being american, I'm guessing the fundies..

      --
      My book about LSD and Self-Discovery
      Also on facebook as: DroppingAcidDaleBewan
    12. Re:Or... by sgt+scrub · · Score: 2

      Not everyone can bowl a 300. Personally I bowl a 65 but I at least I can golf a 300.

      --
      Having to work for a living is the root of all evil.
  2. I know what you're thinking... stop by Junior+J.+Junior+III · · Score: 5, Funny

    Please, no "that's no moon" jokes this time. It's getting old. Not as old as previously thought, but still damn old.

    --
    You see? You see? Your stupid minds! Stupid! Stupid!
    1. Re:I know what you're thinking... stop by martin-boundary · · Score: 2

      You.... you joked first!

  3. summary wrong, 100 million, now 200 million by UnknownSoldier · · Score: 5, Informative

    TFA says: Once we removed the contamination, we found that this sample is almost 100 million years younger than we expected," says researcher James Connelly of the Centre for Star and Planet Formation.

    Come on /., doesn't anybody verify facts / articles anymore ??

  4. Re:That's no moon... by interkin3tic · · Score: 2

    Analysis of your post shows that both the star wars reference and "first post" were made earlier than I had originally expected, which is to say I thought the first post would be about subluxations.

  5. Same material? by Zandali · · Score: 2

    Shouldn't all of the moon matter (silicon, magnesium, iron, etc.) be just as old as earth components from the previous supernova and nebula that created the solar system anyway? Most matter is fused within seconds of solar implosion and explosion. Since it is still taking meteor impacts, we could say it is perpetually new if it is a matter of age in that regard.

    --
    Lobbest thou thy Holy Hand Grenade of Antioch towards thy foe, who, being naughty in My sight, shall snuff it.
    1. Re:Same material? by vbraga · · Score: 3, Interesting

      It's not about atoms. It's about how solids are created. If you take a steel allow and look at it using a metallurgical microscope you can see it's made of many really small crystals (grains). How the atoms are organized into those grains is a function of many things, including the cooling rate. So, the scientists probably looked into the rock micro structure (the grains) and calculated a cooling rate for them. I didn't read the article but many, many, many years ago as a metallurgy student I had an interest into iron meteorites.

      --
      English is not my first language. Corrections and suggestions are welcome.
    2. Re:Same material? by jd · · Score: 4, Informative

      Well, some lighter elements can be converted to other elements as a result of being bombarded by cosmic rays (it's one of the methods of telling how long rocks have been exposed to the surface on the Earth, as you can't exactly radiocarbondate rock). So stuff that's on the surface of the moon - even stuff that's nominally been there for 4 billion years - may not be the same as it was 4 billion years ago.

      Compounds are more complicated. The updated theory for the moon's formation is that it is the gelling together of two smaller moons that formed when the Earth was struck by a planetoid about the size of Mars. Anything that dates back to the original two smaller moons will clearly be older than that material which formed due to the energy of the collision. Further, as smaller masses radiate heat faster than larger masses and the two original moons are theorized to have been different sizes, rocks from the larger original moon will show a younger age from rocks from the smaller original moon.

      And, yes, there have been plenty of impacts from space debris. One was so massive that observers on Earth recorded that the moon appeared to have horns. Since that was in historic times, we can assume that similar-sized collisions have happened in times before observers. Energies large enough to create light visible from Earth are going to be great enough to change the date of the rock in the area.

      Then there's another complication. Rock is not just one super-crystal but a solidified soup of many compounds - and, in some cases, a solidified mix of distinct rocks that got cemented together. The age of the compounds may be very different from the time of solidification. (Mudstone, for example, isn't considered as old as the mud from which it formed.)

      Obviously, NASA isn't stupid. They are going to make sure that they use appropriate methods. After all, the wrong method would be just like mixing feet and meters, or wiring a magnetic sensor upside-down. (Seriously, even though they have done some stupid things, they probably are using the correct method here. However, because of the update to the theory on the moon's formation - having two precursor moons of different age colliding at slow speed, I am not necessarily convinced by their interpretation. I am not convinced the theorists are communicating as well as they need to.)

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    3. Re:Same material? by another_twilight · · Score: 2

      Googling turned up the reference to Giordano Bruno crater and reference to eyewitness reports of an event on June 18, 1178.

  6. Astronomical time scales by ETEQ · · Score: 4, Insightful

    From the article:

    The team analysed the isotopes of the elements lead and neodymium to place the age of a sample of a FAN at 4.36 billion years. This figure is significantly younger than earlier estimates of the Moon’s age that range to nearly as old as the age of the solar system itself at 4.567 billion years.

    So when they say 200 million years younger, that means 4.3 byr instead of 4.5 byr. I'm sure this is interesting to those in the field, but I don't think that counts as "much younger".

    1. Re:Astronomical time scales by jd · · Score: 2

      Ok, that's a useful piece of information, but I want to know the margin of error on their measurements and the significance level (the sigma) - ie: how likely this measurement occurred by chance alone. If the sum total of uncertainty means the result is +/- 200 million years or more, then they're not really saying what they seem to be saying at all. This is my biggest gripe with these kinds of announcements - they often miss off these two critical values, usually because in the modern academic marketplace it's more important to be published than to be right.

      (I absolutely despise the publish-or-be-damned philosophy of modern academia, where money is handed to the most prolific writers and not to those doing the best work.)

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  7. She just looks old by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    It's because of all of the sun exposure.

  8. Re:Oldest rock? by jd · · Score: 2

    The moon's age depends on a great many variables. For example, what do you define as being "the moon"? There was a recently discussed theory that there were actually TWO moons originally that collided at relatively low speed to form one final mass. Assuming this to be true, then this could be from either of the two "original" moons or from rock that formed in consequence of the collision. (That gives you one very large body collision, right there.)

    We know that the moon did indeed have a liquid core very early on, so volcanic activity and other rock-melting levels of energy were around. They might well have lasted a few hundred million years and it's just possible that something like that could disrupt whatever calculations are being made.

    With silica (a major component of the moon's surface) you can establish how long the material has been on the surface, but I don't believe that dating technique is good for timescales of billions of years and it's useless if the silica is more than a millimeter or so below the surface, which you're going to get on an object bombarded by meteorites and assorted other solar system debris. There's a variety of other techniques for directly measuring the age of materials, but I honestly couldn't tell you any that are both staggeringly accurate AND work over unimaginable timescales. Hell, most direct measurements (thermofluorescence) are damn good but still not what I'd call "staggeringly accurate" and don't work well beyond timeframes a hundred thousand times smaller than this.

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  9. Re:That's not the only thing... by baKanale · · Score: 5, Funny

    I swear, officer, she told me she was 4.567 billion years old!

  10. Uniform composition? by denshao2 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It is my understanding that the surface is composed of meteorites that hit long after the core formed. Dating the surface should not give you the age of the moon as a whole unless it's uniform in composition. If you do the same to date the Earth, then creationists will have plenty more fuel to support their story.

  11. Re:fake license by jd · · Score: 2

    Oh, the day is correct. Now, the month, on the other hand....

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  12. Re:This means I am -207 million years old. by Neil+Boekend · · Score: 2

    While I can accept your believe in a God, I must say NO.
    Magnets do not work through science. We know how they work through science. They work through generating an magnetic field.
    Gravity doesn't work through science. Science will one day figure out how it works (at least, that's my belief). There are some theories, but science requires proof.
    The sun doesn't work through science. We know it's gives light because of fusion because of science.

    Scientists have admitted the previous calculations of the age of the moon were incorrect. They have given a new number which can be contested and disputed, if you provide some evidence. The conclusion you draw is (most probably on purpose) the wrongest one possible.
    Science is about admitting you could be wrong, but believing you are right (based on evidence or searching for that evidence).
    That's the difference between science and religion: science can be proven wrong.
    Now, that doesn't prove religion to be wrong. It may be there is a God, that he created everything and that he created "proofs" of other explanations to lead men astray. But I believe that isn't the explanation. I believe science can find the explanation. In that science can be viewed as a religion, but the fundamental difference is that science can be proven wrong.
    Ah, but the world is far to complex to explain in a couple of paragraphs.

    --
    Well, I might have a way, but it only works on a semi spherical planet in a vacuum.
  13. Radiometric Dating by Kamiza+Ikioi · · Score: 2

    Crystallization causes a zeroing of the isotopic clock. In other words, if a crystal of all potassium is formed, it will contain some potassium-40 isotopes, but no argon-40. This is used to determine when the rock was initially formed. As time passes, potassium-40 decays into argon-40 with a half life of 1.3 billion years. So, if a crystal contains a 1:1 ratio, or 50% (1 half life) potassium-40 to argon-40, the rock was formed 1.3 billion years ago. If it is 25% potassium-40 to 75% argon-40, the rock was formed 1.3 billion years ago.

    Of course, the problem with this in planetary dating is that A) you have to assume the crystals were formed exactly when the planet/moon formed, which likely is not the case, since it requires, however brief, a period of cooling for the crystals to form and B) you have to find the rocks that first formed, aka, the oldest rocks.

    There is also the problem of margin for error, but this is usually small enough to not really matter. If something is 4 or 5 billion years old, having a 100-200 million year margin for error is still pretty small. The other issue is to use as many of these clocks as possible to find out where they all tend to synchronize. In this case, they used lead and neodymium. And their change was no more spectacular, really, than the Shroud of Turin being dated either 1250 or 1350 AD. We can still say it was around 1300 AD (ignoring the "it caught on fire" contamination theory).

    More info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometric_dating

    --
    I8-D
  14. Re:This means I am -207 million years old. by Yamioni · · Score: 2

    Pantheists tend to be a little more tolerant; after all the gods can be wrong so hey... maybe these other people who believe in other gods could be right.

    It's almost amazing how much respect a little humility can garner a person isn't it? :-)

    --
    Cool post bro, highfive \o