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What You Eat Affects Your Genes

purkinje writes "Tiny bits of genetic material, called microRNAs, can make their way from the food you eat into your blood stream, and change how your genes are expressed, according to a new study. A team of Chinese scientists found tiny bits of white rice microRNA floating around in people's blood after a meal. When they looked at what was happening on a cellular level, they found that the microRNAs were changing gene expression, decreasing levels of a receptor that filters out LDL (bad) cholesterol. When the scientists gave mice both rice and a chemical to block the microRNAs, their levels of that receptor returned to normal — showing that the microRNAs weren't just swimming through the blood stream, but acting on genes in the animals' cells."

35 of 249 comments (clear)

  1. And your..... by jimpop · · Score: 5, Funny

    ... Jeans

  2. no problem by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    I eat lot of junk food, so only my junk dna is affected. And my sweatpants don't fit anymore. But that's ok; my virtual girlfriend still says I look good.

    1. Re:no problem by Dunbal · · Score: 4, Funny

      No, if you eat a lot of junk food only your junk DNA is expressed...

      --
      Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
    2. Re:no problem by hedwards · · Score: 4, Funny

      Wow, eating a lot of junk food makes your junk bigger. You heard it here first.

  3. Truly Remarkable by sackvillian · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This is amazing and one more nail in the coffin of our long-held dogma of genes being passed down from two parents, expressed but otherwise unaltered, then passed down to our children, all with just a little bit of mixing and mutation. From epigenetic modifications, to massive variances of stomach flora even between relatives, now to food's ability to affect our very gene expression... we've got some serious reconsidering to do about what makes us who we are.

    Very cool.

    --
    Hey mate, spare a sig?
    1. Re:Truly Remarkable by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 3, Insightful

      How long has it been since that was actually dogma outside of intro-level stuff(I ask by way of honest inquiry, in case somebody is familiar with the recent history of the field, not rhetorical attack)?

      I am given to understand that it was at one point; but friends-of-friends in the university lab scene tell me that, while still considered to be largely ill-understood, the study of epigenetics and other subtle environment/genome interactions was a very hot area, with lots of exploratory work being done.

    2. Re:Truly Remarkable by ColdWetDog · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It might be your long held dogma, but people in the field have long known about epigenetic changes to DNA and it's implications. We've known about mitochondrial DNA for decades, same with DNA methylation. The microRNAs are fairly new and an open field but it has been realized that the "Central Dogma" (DNA -> RNA -> Protein) has been barking up the wrong tree for some time.

      TFA is interesting and rather unexpected. Small, unprotected RNA molecules aren't "supposed" to survive long outside. If this is true, if it can be repeated it might explain some of the more confusing relationships between diet, growth, cancer and other diseases. The nice thing is that this experiment should be 'relatively' easy to replicate (at least from the detail one gets in TFA - they're not using anything all that unique, weird or expensive).

      Since it is such a potentially high profile experiment, the cynic in me wonders why it didn't get published in a higher profile journal. Of course, not every important discovery is published in Nature or Science, but one wonders.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    3. Re:Truly Remarkable by prograde · · Score: 2

      Since it is such a potentially high profile experiment, the cynic in me wonders why it didn't get published in a higher profile journal. Of course, not every important discovery is published in Nature or Science, but one wonders.

      I hate to nit-pick, but it was published in Nature

  4. Re:not my field.... by Khyber · · Score: 2

    Food is essentially a chemical. DNA is a chemical. Should we be surprised that one chemical would have an effect on other chemicals?

    --
    Still waiting on Serviscope_minor to wake up to fucking reality and realize that Jessica Price isn't going to fuck him.
  5. Duh... by Khyber · · Score: 2

    This is why we have the phrase 'You are what you eat," after all.

    --
    Still waiting on Serviscope_minor to wake up to fucking reality and realize that Jessica Price isn't going to fuck him.
    1. Re:Duh... by GameboyRMH · · Score: 5, Funny

      I'm going to start eating cats, to make me faster and cuter. I will become the king of Quake 3, and girls.

      Sorry kittehs but I must consume you for your positive attributes.

      --
      "When information is power, privacy is freedom" - Jah-Wren Ryel
    2. Re:Duh... by jasno · · Score: 4, Funny

      While it's true that eating lots of pussy could make you king of the girls, I doubt it'll help your Quake 3 skills.

      --

      http://www.masturbateforpeace.com/
  6. Damn! More research now! by killfixx · · Score: 2

    In ten years we could have scientifically proven "homeopathic" remedies.

    Gene-doping through diet manipulation. Lose weight, increase brain function, increase blood flow while reducing blood pressure, even creating or discovering new gene functions. Perhaps a mutation that gives blood plasma a lubricating effect that prevents arterial plaque.

    Or, for the vain men (and women) in the audience, truly reversing hair loss.

    --
    "Helping to keep you two steps ahead of the Thought Police!"
    1. Re:Damn! More research now! by elfprince13 · · Score: 2

      You're confusing homeopathy with naturopathy (and other "alternative medicines"). http://xkcd.com/765/

  7. Sodium Benzoate by apostrophesemicolon · · Score: 2

    Just a side note, a common preservative Sodium(Natrium) Benzoate (NaC6H5CO2) used in most foodstuff is long known to cause alterations in human DNA. For example, almost all brands of ketchups use this preservative.

    Wikipedia: Sodium Benzoate: Safety & Health

    Diet Coke to drop additive in DNA damage fear

    1. Re:Sodium Benzoate by Rob+the+Bold · · Score: 3, Funny

      But it comes with a free frogurt.

      Never mind, that was potassium benzoate.

      --
      I am not a crackpot.
  8. The question in my mind is... by Y.A.A.P. · · Score: 2

    How long do these changes last?

    If this were a permanent change, one would wonder why all those Southeast Asian people who consume white rice regularly don't end up with high LDL counts counts and subsequently a high per-capita rate of heart attacks.

    Is this a short-lived change, like until the affected cells undergo Mitosis again (~30 mins.), or is there another food in tyhese people's diets that counteracts this genetic change?

  9. Re:GMOs - become sterile by JRowe47 · · Score: 2

    Who are "they" and what did "they" study and how did "they" study it? Not to be crude, but links or gtfo. Seriously, nobody cares what you think "they" said or did unless you can prove it.

    GMO means a lot of different things to different people. It could mean chemically modified DNA sequences or clever breeding techniques or even simply hybridizing plants using low tech means.

    Language exists to express ideas. If you don't provide clarity and context, you're wasting everyone's time.

  10. Re:GMOs - become sterile by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 5, Informative

    Can't tell if trolling or just very ignorant. I could have modded, but I'd rather educate. First off, treating all GMOs as if they have the same traits is just stupid. There are bunches of different genes that have been inserted and potentially any gene could be used, so acting as if one trait should matter for every other one is beyond senseless. Second, the traits you're talking about were not designed for that purpose (although that was a side effect the companies no doubt considered), but rather was to prevent the flow of the genes to other people's crops (the very thing people are trying to sue Monsanto over now...they're evil bastards if they do, and evil bastards if they don't. Third, those traits are not in use anyway. Because most seed sold nowadays is hybrid seed (hybrid and GMO are different and commonly confused but not mutually exclusive things) farmers typically want to buy new seed anyway, as they have been doing long before GMOs came on the scene. Before you complain about something, might want to do some basic fact checking first. Fourth, I highly doubt the study you mention was done all that well in light of the hundreds showing no harm from GM food and the fact that the best causative mechanism for why GMO food would be inherently dangerous is...oh wait, no one has ever proposed any coherent way that could happen. Fifth, this new paper (assuming it is accurate) says nothing about GMO safety. There are thousands of genes for all sorts of stuff in every single thing you eat. I highly doubt transgenes are going to behave differently, especially considering that the only three traits currently in use (the Bt gene, an EPSP synthase gene, and viral coat protein genes) can very easily be found in non-GM food too. So basically, no, this has no relevance on genetic engineering whatsoever, but I have no doubt someone out there will cite it as such.

  11. Re:not my field.... by Dunbal · · Score: 5, Informative

    Yes, because up until recently we thought that cell membranes kept all the environmental chemicals out except only the ones that are allowed in. Every year we're learning that cell membranes are much more permeable than we thought and that chemicals we used to think never entered cells are in fact binding to stuff inside cell nuclei (even more membranes to go through) and affecting genes directly. We used to think that anything that happened in the nucleus was strictly controlled by a cells own internal messaging mechanisms. Now we're not sure. Much more environmental interaction is allowed than what was previously believed.

    --
    Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
  12. Victor Buono, "Heavy" by Sooner+Boomer · · Score: 2

    A Fat Man's Prayer:

    Lord, my soul is ripped with riot,
    Incited by my wicked diet.
    "We are what we eat!" said a wise old man;
    And Lord, if that's true, I'm a garbage can.
    I want to rise on Judgment Day, that's plain;
    But at my present weight, I'll need a crane.
    So grant me strength, that I may not fall,
    Into the clutches of cholesterol.
    May my flesh with carrot-curls be sated,
    That my soul may be poly-unsaturated.
    And show me the light, that I may bear witness,
    To the President's Council on Physical Fitness.
    And at oleomargarine I'll never mutter,
    For the road to Hell is spread with butter.
    And cream is cursed; and cake is awful;
    And Satan is hiding in every waffle.
    Mephistopheles lurks in provolone;
    The Devil is in each slice of baloney;
    Beelzebub is a chocolate drop;
    And Lucifer is a lollipop.
    Give me this day my daily slice,
    But cut it thin and toast it twice.
    I beg upon my dimpled knees;
    Deliver me from jujubes.
    And when my days of trial are done,
    And my war with malted milks is won,
    Let me stand with the heavenly throng
    In a shining robe - size 44 long.
    I can do it, Lord, if you'll show to me
    The virtues of lettuce and celery;
    If you'll teach me the evils of mayonnaise,
    The sinfulness of Hollandaise.
    Of Pasta a la Milannaise,
    Potatoes a la Lyonnaise.
    And crisp-fried chicken from the South,
    Lord, if you love me, shut my mouth.

    --
    Chaos maximizes locally around me.
  13. Going to wait for other labs to confirm this. by Guppy · · Score: 2

    I'm going to have a hard time believing this, until we get a couple more labs to replicate the findings.

    Just about every animal on earth, including us, produces copious amounts of RNAse, an enzyme that shreds RNA molecules. And while most enzymes are rather fragile, RNAse is unusally robust -- you can boil some RNAses for hours, and they will retain their activity. They're everywhere, on your skin, in your body -- and it's a pain in the butt when you're working with RNA (you put RNAse inhibitors in everything to keep them from chewing up your material).

    It's almost as if it were being produced as some kind of defense mechanism against... hmm....

    1. Re:Going to wait for other labs to confirm this. by Joe+Torres · · Score: 2

      I can't find the reference, but there was a paper published that studied the stability of microRNAs with RNAses and found that they were more resistant than longer RNA species. There is a paper that was published earlier this year that reported an estimated miRNA average half-live of 119 hours, with some over 200 hours, inside cells (Gantier, M.P. et al. Analysis of microRNA turnover in mammalian cells following Dicer1 ablation. Nucleic Acids Research (2011). It is possible that the study could've underestimated the half-life since other groups have reported that microRNAs have enhanced stability in the presence of Dicer and the study I mentioned calculated the half-life in its absence. I haven't had a chance to read the paper referenced in TFA, so I can't speak to how believable it is yet. I'm sure that many labs (and companies) will start looking into this and its impact on their favorite disease or to try to modify their favorite food to knock-out harmful microRNAs or express helpful ones.

  14. Selective breeding over generations is GM by tepples · · Score: 5, Interesting

    so tell me... why is Genetic Modification of food allowed?

    Selective breeding over generations is genetic modification, and it's been going on for the past four millennia. Did you mean " recombinant genetic modification"?

    what happens when someone decides to "leverage" food crops to produce drugs, and those accidentally cross-pollinate with the world's food supply?

    Patent lawsuits like Monsanto v. Schmeiser.

    1. Re:Selective breeding over generations is GM by Rich0 · · Score: 2

      Selective breeding over generations is genetic modification, and it's been going on for the past four millennia. Did you mean " recombinant genetic modification"?

      The phrase "genetically modified" means genetically engineered. No one uses the term to mean selective breeding.

      Uh, selective breeding is engineering. :)

      However, everybody knows what you meant. The parent's point is that the only difference between modern and ancient techniques for food modification is the speed with which it happens. That in itself does have some level of impact I'll grant, but then again our ability to detect disease is also greatly increased - for all we know half the problems with eating modern foods is that ancient farmers selectively bred foods that kill you over time and had no way to tell this was happening since there weren't epidemiologists around.

      However, I'm not sure that this kind of discovery has huge implications for genetic manipulation of foods. Apparently perfectly ordinary foods are messing with your gene expression in both good and bad ways, and likely modified organisms do the same, both in good and bad ways. In fact, one would think that genetic manipulation would be the easiest way to eliminate the bad micro RNAs and increase the good ones, once we understand how it all works.

  15. Two questions, one criticism. by conspirator23 · · Score: 2
    1. Do populations that eat significantly more rice have significantly different LDL levels?
    2. If not, are those populations less sensitive to the effects?

    And just to mention here, why call it "white" rice in the summary? Same genes, whole grain or not. TDA doesn't suggest that white rice puts more microRNA into the bloodstream. It doesn't make a distinction anywhere.

  16. Re:Who Knew? by mywhitewolf · · Score: 2

    actually, you're largely what you drink (hydrogen & oxygen), followed by what you breath (oxygen, carbon and nitrogen) which makes up 96% of what you are..

  17. Re:chaneloutlet by siddesu · · Score: 3, Funny

    You'll have to contact Hugo Boss. Ask for the Schutzstaffel catalog.

  18. But Remember: by Ralph+Spoilsport · · Score: 2

    GMO's are harmless and good for you.

    --
    Shoes for Industry. Shoes for the Dead.
  19. Re:not my field.... by infaustus · · Score: 3, Informative

    DNA is transcripted into RNA which is translated into proteins, which are the main structural components of life. MicroRNA binds to the RNA transcripts, preventing them from being translated into proteins. The article title is misleading because we usually consider DNA to be our genes, and MicroRNA affects gene expression rather than genes themselves. RNA interference, including interference by MicroRNA was discovered decades ago but no one has studied interference by foreign RNA in food. It's mostly been studied in the context of viruses or transgenic cells.

    --
    Frosty piss posts are worthless, GNAA posts are worthless and hurtful, but they are the least of this site's neuroses.
  20. Hugo Boss by KingAlanI · · Score: 2

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Boss
    Evidently, the eponymous founder of Hugo Boss was indeed heavily involved with the Nazis, including as a uniform manufacturer.
    However, the stuff-made-of-human-skin myth seems ironic considering the actual horrors of Nazi Germany.

    --
    I listen to both RIAA and non-RIAA stuff if I like the music, tangential business/politics nonwithstanding.
  21. Re:Who Knew? by CharlyFoxtrot · · Score: 3, Funny

    That's strange, I don't remember eating any sexy beasts.

    --
    If all else fails, immortality can always be assured by spectacular error.
  22. Re:If this were done in an English speaking countr by oodaloop · · Score: 3, Funny

    No, I think a fox and lox. But I would not eat it in a box.

    --
    Tic-Tac-Toe, Global Thermonuclear War, and relationships all have the same winning move.
  23. Re:If this were done in an English speaking countr by Hognoxious · · Score: 2

    You suck cox.

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  24. Re:Who needs jeans? by Adriax · · Score: 3, Informative

    "Ye know why it's called a Kilt? Because I kilt the last man who called it a skirt!"

    Also, I would rock a wizzards robe at work if not for the dress code.

    --
    I don't suffer from insanity, I enjoy every minute of it!