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Did Feds' Use of Fake Cell Tower Constitute a Search?

hessian writes with this story in Wired: "Federal authorities used a fake Verizon cellphone tower to zero in on a suspect's wireless card, and say they were perfectly within their rights to do so, even without a warrant. But the feds don't seem to want that legal logic challenged in court by the alleged identity thief they nabbed using the spoofing device, known generically as a stingray. So the government is telling a court for the first time that spoofing a legitimate wireless tower in order to conduct surveillance could be considered a search under the Fourth Amendment in this particular case, and that its use was legal, thanks to a court order and warrant that investigators used to get similar location data from Verizon's own towers."

40 of 191 comments (clear)

  1. It is unquestionably a wiretap by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    As they are intercepting communications, it is unquestionably a wiretap.

    Whether the courts are still legitimate enough to declare that remains to be seen.

    1. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by Gunfighter · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Whether the courts are still legitimate enough to declare that remains to be seen.

      You have a lot more faith in the government to do the right thing than I do.

      --
      -- Stu

      /. ID under 2,000. I feel old now.
    2. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by alphacharliezero · · Score: 5, Informative

      'Stingray's do not intercept communication. That's why they get around the wiretapping warrant requirements. They are designed to spoof the carrier's tower in order to ascertain only the location of a mobile device. So I don't see wiretapping as the issue. What IS troubling however is the fact that once law enforcement has found the suspect/device they as a rule WIPE THE DATA from the stingray. They've been doing this supposedly to prevent defendants/criminals learning how they were caught. The issue is that a judge signs a court order approving the use of the Stingray. Then after gathering evidence, law enforcement DESTROYS that evidence instead of handing it over to the court for review. All this to prevent the defendant from getting it during discovery. That practice will likely stop soon since it's motive was to keep the device itself a secret. Now that it's use is public knowledge, there's no reason to continue the charade...

    3. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by Wrath0fb0b · · Score: 4, Insightful

      a court order and warrant that investigators used to get similar location data from Verizonâ(TM)s own towers.

      I'm really surprised again by Wired. The government got a warrant -- the same level of scrutiny they need to search your house or haul your ass to a concrete room. What more can they do to conduct a lawful investigation? The purpose of the warrant requirement is to make sure that probable cause is evaluated by a neutral and detached magistrate, not to bar all searches and make it impossible to catch identity thieves.

      I'm firmly for electronic privacy but I think it's patently absurd to say there should be a higher standard for getting cell-phone data than physically entering a person's home or arresting him.

    4. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by khallow · · Score: 2

      After Citizen's United vs. FEC, I completely lost my faith in the court's ability to interpret the spirit of our Constitution...

      Nonsense. Looks like a straightforward application of the First Amendment to me.

    5. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by khallow · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I agree. That's a very alarming ruling. It's worth noting that in the wake of Kelo vs. City of New London, 34 states added laws to address to some degree the abuses allowed by this ruling. The US is fortunately that there were means to mostly compensate for a bad court ruling in this case. But in rulings on federal power, states cannot correct for bad court decisions.

    6. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by khallow · · Score: 4, Informative

      The problem is that the fake wireless tower appears to be outside the scope of the warrant. Keep in mind that judges do not issue blank checks when they write out a warrant. Doing something that's not in the scope of the warrant is just as illegal as if the warrant didn't exist at all.

    7. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by HalAtWork · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You have a lot more faith in the government to do the right thing than I do.

      You're supposed to be able to have faith in the government to do the right thing. That's what they're supposed to do. That's why we have them. If they don't act accordingly, that's when you know there's a serious problem that needs to be addressed. So how do we reform the government is the issue we should be looking at instead of firing off quips.

    8. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by fluffy99 · · Score: 2

      No. They wipe the data so they can claim no data was recorded or actively monitored, therefore no wiretapping was performed.

      The scary part is that they have the capability to handle calls while doing this spoofing. Which for all intents is the equivalent of them snipping your landline and running it through a black box, then afterwards wiping the blackbox and claiming it doesn't constitute a wiretap. Problem is that the original wiretap really was a guy hanging on the pole with a testset clipped onto your phone wires and there was no recording involved there either aside from the agents memory.

    9. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by fluffy99 · · Score: 2

      hmm... I wonder if Apple's FindMyiPhone feature could be considered an illegal search and a violation of the 4th A. rights of the iPhone thief

      Probably not as it's tracking your property. Some of the laptop recovery programs that take screenshoots or webcam pictures could cause privacy issues though. What happens if the thief was a 12-yr old boy who took your laptop and the Prey Project software ends up snapping a picture of him in his underwear? Does that become child porn?

    10. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2
      It can't be a straightforward application of the First Amendment, because corporations are not people and do not have "rights".

      I am aware the the Supreme Court has ruled that corporations are legally people, but that flies in the face of around 200 years of law that up until then said otherwise. That decision merely shows how messed up today's Supreme Court is.

      If you -- or the courts -- actually think corporations have all the legal rights of people, then why aren't they allowed to vote? Or marry?

      From a historical perspective, corporations were awarded the legal standing of "people" only insofar as that was necessary to engage in trade. The notion that they enjoy "rights" like actual people do is a relatively new and rather bizarre idea. In fact, the Supreme Court contradicted many of its own past rulings, because "corporate speech" is already -- and still -- regulated by law in a variety of ways that do not apply to real people.

      The individuals who run a corporation have all the rights of people, of course, and can speak in any manner they choose. But that is not the same thing.

      "The resolution of the General Assembly [the Virginia Resolutions of 1798] relates to those great and extraordinary cases, in which all the forms of the Constitution may prove ineffectual against infractions dangerous to the essential rights of the parties to it. The resolution supposes that dangerous powers, not delegated, may not only be usurped and executed by the other departments, but that the judicial department also may exercise or sanction dangerous powers beyond the grant of the Constitution; and, consequently, that the ultimate right of the parties to the Constitution, to judge whether the compact has been dangerously violated, must extend to violations by one delegated authority, as well as by another; by the judiciary, as well as by the executive, or the legislature.

      "However true, therefore, it may be, that the judicial department, is, in all questions submitted to it by the forms of the Constitution, to decide in the last resort, this resort must necessarily be deemed the last in relation to the authorities of the other departments of the government; not in relation to the rights of the parties to the constitutional compact, from which the judicial as well as the other departments hold their delegated trusts. On any other hypothesis, the delegation of judicial power would annul the authority delegating it; and the concurrence of this department with the others in usurped powers, might subvert for ever, and beyond the possible reach of any rightful remedy, the very Constitution which all were instituted to preserve." -- James Madison, Report of 1800

    11. Re:It is unquestionably a wiretap by khallow · · Score: 2

      It can't be a straightforward application of the First Amendment, because corporations are not people and do not have "rights".

      This is a non sequitur. The conclusion doesn't follow from the premise.

  2. Fed in the Middle? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Are man in the middle attacks legal?

  3. No, it's not! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    I track my ex with a fake cell tower all the time, I don't see anything wrong with it!

  4. Re:Criminals were captured by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Suspected criminal...

  5. The Feds agreed it was a search by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    and they said it was backed with a court order, no different than any other wiretap.

    One issue could be that they were also getting traffic from thousands of other callers not involved in the case. But, I suppose they could argue that happens in a standard wiretap as well, but it's the phone company that does the winnowing out.

    1. Re:The Feds agreed it was a search by silas_moeckel · · Score: 4, Insightful

      IF they have a warrant for a targeted wiretap why not go to verizon??? This device exists so they can avoid having to get warrants all the paperwork etc that verizon might require. The FCC should come down on them hard unless for impersonating a cell tower they did not have the rights to use those frequencies. It sounds like they are trying to use there few legit cases to justify them having and using these devices.

      How long before the real criminals figure out how to use encrypted voip? I already have this on my phone connecting me to the office pbx.

      --
      No sir I dont like it.
  6. Re:Criminals were captured by Dunbal · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Yeah throw due process out the window. You realize that you could be turned into a criminal at any time with just the stroke of a pen from a politician, right?

    --
    Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
  7. Re:Criminals were captured by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Why do we keep trying to defend criminals?

    For the same reason we defend innocents. It's because you don't know who is a criminal and who is innocent, until after you have played the defense. If we knew who the criminals were prior to trials, we wouldn't have trials and courts, or even cops. Most of the Bill of Rights wouldn't exist, or if you take everything to its extreme conclusion, we wouldn't even have governments.

    Ultimately, if you are against suspected criminals having trials, you are an anarchist. Not that there's anything wrong with that.

  8. Re:Criminals were captured by DJRumpy · · Score: 2

    I agree. I don't necessarily think this is about defending or prosecuting innocence or guilt, but rather the examining the means used to get them there.

    This smacks of wire tapping. Surely there are other legal avenues they could have pursued to get from A to Z?

    Stingrays spoof a legitimate cellphone tower in order to trick nearby cellphones and other wireless communication devices into connecting to the tower, as they would to a real cellphone tower. When devices connect, stingrays can see and record their unique ID numbers and traffic data, as well as information that points to a device’s location. To prevent detection by suspects, the stingray sends the data to a real tower so that traffic continues to flow.

    I really so no difference between this and a wire tap.

  9. Re:Criminals were captured by SteelFist · · Score: 2

    Minor detail, if he were an anarchist, the criminal would go free forever with no trial (no government, no prosecution). He is more of a totalitarianist (sp?), where the government has absolute control and, therefore, no trial with prosecution.

  10. Don't need no steenking warrant by countertrolling · · Score: 2

    Just tag everybody as terrorists and have the now immune phone companies do the tapping.

    --
    For justice, we must go to Don Corleone
  11. Re:Speaking of Fake and Cell Phones by icebraining · · Score: 2

    What a terrible submissions. Do you expect them to accept a text filled with accusations towards the editors and editorial bias?

    Don't worry, I don't expect this to make it to the frontpage either

    This is what's called a "self-fulfilling prophecy".

  12. Re:Criminals were captured by AngryDeuce · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Because criminals are entitled to a complete and proper defense?

    When it comes to privacy, every inch we give results in another mile taken by the government. Consider how the Patriot act evolved from where it began back in 2001 to where it is today, the way the TSA began and the way it is being pushed out beyond it's original boundaries with people advocating and supporting random vehicle searches on Interstates, shipping, busing, backscatter X-ray being used for major sporting events which will eventually trickle down to every public building and who knows how far beyond that...

    The Fourth Amendment exists because privacy is necessary for liberty and a free society.

  13. Liars vs Constitutional Privacy by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It's obvious the government is lying about what it's doing so it can violate our privacy rights. The purpose of a judge is to be a reasonable human who can see that the government is lying, and stop the government. Judges who don't see through these lies are obviously either stupid, corrupt or both.

    We need a Constitutional Amendment that simply says

    The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects is a right to privacy.

    Because over the years stupidity and corruption have allowed the Fourth Amendment to fail to protect our privacy, when that is the right it instructs the government to protect:

    The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

    Even stupid and corrupt judges, to say nothing of stupid and corrupt congressmembers and police, will have a harder time using the government to damage our rights instead of protecting them.

    --

    --
    make install -not war

    1. Re:Liars vs Constitutional Privacy by zippthorne · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Your wording does no better. Indeed the problem is that once you start down the road of trying to form the perfectly worded genie wish, you've already lost. English isn't a programming language, and concepts are broader than can be expressed likewise anyway.

      Even with your privacy wording, the sentence will be twisted to mean something absurd, in part because the courts love making absurd rulings, presumably as a motivator to legislatures to play the genie wish game with progressively more wordy and less understandable documents. I suppose we'll always need lawyers, but at the same time, the existence of lawyers only exacerbates the problem, not only by breeding complacency by partially alleviating the issue through careful research, but also by arguing the very absurd interpretations that are sometimes accepted by the courts!

      --
      Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    2. Re:Liars vs Constitutional Privacy by demonlapin · · Score: 2

      The original wording of the 4A was thought to be pretty damned clear, too. Judges who want to let the police do anything they like will find a way to corrupt your language, and a large part of the public will support them.

    3. Re:Liars vs Constitutional Privacy by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 2

      Why is my wording no better? The current precedents that allow privacy violations "because there's no right to privacy in the Constitution" would be useless when the court hears "Amendment 30 says quite clearly that the court must protect the privacy right, in this case in their papers and effects". That makes damaging privacy much harder, without those precedents.

      What you're arguing is that no amendment or law wording can possibly protect us. While we have a corrupt system, it is not nearly as corrupt as that. However, if enough people believe that it is, as you evidently do, it will become that corrupt. The mere act of the people and our legislatures passing such an amendment makes a strong argument to courts that the right must be protected and enforced.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    4. Re:Liars vs Constitutional Privacy by demonlapin · · Score: 2

      I'm not giving up - but I can recognize when I'm fighting a battle that curiously few of my fellow citizens want to fight.

  14. Re:Criminals were captured by sribe · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Because criminals are entitled to a complete and proper defense?

    Not really. It's because it takes a complete and proper defense to be (fairly) certain that the defendant is in fact a criminal.

  15. Re:Criminals were captured by Oxford_Comma_Lover · · Score: 4, Insightful

    United States v. Jones will be argued in the Supreme Court this week, on whether warrantless tracking of a drug dealer by putting a GPS tracker on his car requires a warrant on the fourth Amendment.

    An idiot would think that we were arguing that case in the Supreme Court to defend drug dealers. Maybe the guy actually arguing it is--but the reason that we are considering it as a society, the reason we care about these things, is because of the risk of it being done to innocent people. The risk of government tracking everyone as part of its standard law enforcement duties. (I'm not saying NSA doesn't do that now, but law enforcement doesn't usually.) There should be some limit on the power of the people acting for the state--Something that at least requires a police officer to say "there is probable cause to search this person and here's why..."

    --
    -- IANAL, this isn't legal advice, and definitely isn't legal advice for you. Also, Squee!
  16. Re:I see opportunity by wkk2 · · Score: 2

    How about an app that beeps and turns the display red if encryption, as feeble as it is, gets turned off.

  17. Re:Criminals were captured by nurb432 · · Score: 2

    We are trying to protect what our founding fathers created.

    If you cant understand that rather simple concept that then you are an idiot.

    --
    ---- Booth was a patriot ----
  18. Re:Why? by JustNilt · · Score: 2

    Why does anyone involved in anything illegal use a cellphone that's attached to their name? Go to Walmart buy a prepaid phone, buy a dozen, have someone else buy them, use your head.

    Wouldn't help you as much as you want. They use stingrays in exactly that sort of case. In the one at hand, they didn't know the identity of the individual at first either. They can still identify you by the device you're using. You'd have to burn a phone or aircard (as in the case at hand) after every single use once you use it to commit a crime. Otherwise, they could quite conceivably use these devices to track you down.

    I'm all for privacy but keep in mind there are limits to how easily you can hide if you choose to use a device with a unique ID on a system which you do not control.

    --
    You know the thing about UDP jokes? I don't care if you get it or not.
  19. Re:Criminals were captured by billcopc · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Because sometimes the criminals are the ones on our payroll.

    If I set up a fake tower to sniff people's cell packets, I go directly to jail. That's practically indefensible.

    If the government does it "to catch a criminal", they need to request permission via the proper channels, i.e. warrants. It is a special privilege that must be diligently controlled and protected from abuse. If we start giving law enforcement officials (and their subcontractors) carte-blanche to effectively commit criminal acts, without oversight nor disclosure, in the name of crime-fighting, then democracy is effectively abolished.

    --
    -Billco, Fnarg.com
  20. A Search by Renraku · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It isn't what we traditionally think of as a search, but it should, at the least, be considered a warrantless wiretap. Basically, anything that intercepts communication data is a wiretap. Be it listening in to their handheld radios or putting a recording device on their phone line or otherwise doing the fandango with data from their cell phone. All forms of wiretapping.

    This would be just the same as them setting up an overpowering fake cordless phone base station and using it to listen in to their phone calls, and then arguing that it doesn't constitute wiretapping because they didn't have to go through the phone company to do it. No, sorry feds, you can't argue for spirit of the law in one case and then turn around and say that only the letter of the law matters in another case.

    The whole point behind needing a warrant to wiretap is that people should be secure in their homes and have a reasonable expectation to privacy. You can't just go about using technical means to violate that spirit of the law, while your other arm turns around and arrests someone for 'inciting riots' because they posted in support of Occupy Wall Street.

    --
    Job? I don't have time to get a job! Who will sit around and bitch about being broke and unemployed then?
  21. Unauthorized access to computer by redelm · · Score: 2
    Nevermind the moribund notion of entrapment or the diluted notion of wiretap, stingray is simply unauthorized access to a computer. Cracking.

    The phone is a computer which is being accessed and tricked into doing things the owner does not authorize. You might call this a search, but it is not because it is made without announcement, ala sneak'n'peek. Wiping the logs is excellent evidence of the perps (Feds) guilt.

  22. we had a good run by Trax3001BBS · · Score: 3, Insightful

    FTA:
    "As such, the government has maintained that the device is the equivalent of devices designed to
    capture routing and header data on e-mail and other internet communications, and therefore does not
    require a search warrant."

    LOL so we should all have cell phone jammers, the equivalent of a door.

    Folks we had a good run, it's over. Everything now however illegal is being justified
    "National security". Former Minnesota Gov. Jesse Ventura has had enough, being blocked
    with that iron door to his lawsuit.
    http://news.yahoo.com/ventura-miffed-court-says-hes-off-mexico-174718110.html

    I watch the local TV broadcast and commercials of "see something, say something"
    and think of the tales taught me about the Nazi's and how neighbors told on neighbors
    till nobody trusted anyone. Godwin's law does not apply, this was taught me in school
    and how Hitler came to power; through old reel to reel's of "You are there"'s
    by Walter Cronkite.

    Of course building a cell phone tower to capture a persons cell info is illegal.
    That it's even questioned is a red flag.

  23. Re:I see opportunity by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2

    It wouldn't work, because someone could just spoof the cell tower's ID, with a stronger (but closer) signal. In fact, I think that's what they do.

  24. Re:Criminals were captured by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2

    You are already a felon, and don't know it.

    I can almost guarantee that you have committed at least one Federal felony, based on the thousands and thousands of laws that now exist.

    Did you know that it is a felony in the United States to import a plant or animal if it is illegal to export it from WHATEVER COUNTRY IN THE WORLD it came from, even if that plant or animal is perfectly legal here?

    Which essentially means that our government is letting other nations define our laws for us.