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California State Senator Proposes Funding Open-Source Textbooks

bcrowell writes "Although former Governor Schwarzenegger's free digital textbook initiative for K-12 education was a failure, state senator Darrell Steinberg has a new idea for the state-subsidized publication of college textbooks (details in the PDF links at the bottom). Newspaper editorials seem positive. It will be interesting to see if this works any better at the college level than it did for K-12, where textbook selection has traditionally been very bureaucratic. This is also different from Schwarzenegger's FDTI because Steinberg proposes spending state money to help create the books. The K-12 version suffered from legal uncertainty about the Williams case, which requires equal access to books for all students — many of whom might not have computers at home. At the symposium where the results of the FDTI's first round were announced, it became apparent that the only businesses interested in participating actively were not the publishers but computer manufacturers like Dell and Apple, who wanted to sell lots of hardware to schools."

31 of 193 comments (clear)

  1. Don't mess with the publishing industry, man by elrous0 · · Score: 5, Funny

    I hear Houghton Mifflin has goons who break legs. When you make $150 profit on a simple 600-page textbook, you can afford the muscle.

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
    1. Re:Don't mess with the publishing industry, man by jimicus · · Score: 2, Informative

      When you make $150 profit on a simple 600-page textbook, you can afford the muscle.

      You don't, as it happens. It's a very similar business model to records, in many ways. There's vast costs that the general public not only doesn't see, they're barely aware even exist - things like proofreading, editing, marketing - over and above the basic print and distribute bits that we all know about. (Free clue: A lot of books on the market today would be borderline unreadable without massive editing and proofreading effort.)

      The only difference between textbooks and records in this case is that the publisher has a better idea how many buyers they'll attract - and that buyers are less likely to be put off by a high price - so they've got a pretty good idea how much they'll need to charge to cover all these costs. Even so, quite a few books never really make much money.

    2. Re:Don't mess with the publishing industry, man by Baloroth · · Score: 5, Informative

      Except when you change a handful of diagrams and re-order a few chapters to produce a new edition of a text-book, your editing costs go towards zero, and even with the relatively few buyers, profits are incredible. Plus, you completely eliminate the second hand-market. This is routine practice for college (and to a lesser degree high-school) textbooks.

      --
      "None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license." --John Milton
    3. Re:Don't mess with the publishing industry, man by bcrowell · · Score: 2

      You don't, as it happens. It's a very similar business model to records, in many ways. There's vast costs that the general public not only doesn't see, they're barely aware even exist - things like proofreading, editing, marketing - over and above the basic print and distribute bits that we all know about. (Free clue: A lot of books on the market today would be borderline unreadable without massive editing and proofreading effort.)

      There is some truth to this, but the reality is more complex.

      One thing to realize is that the cost of textbooks has risen dramatically over the last few decades. The increases are much too large to be explained by factors like the higher cost of paper or the increased prevalence of color. College textbook prices went up 98% after inflation from 1986 to 2004. This is not because publishers are paying twice as many acquisitions editors, twice as many copy editors, twice as many illustrators, or twice as many graphic designers to produce the same number of books. It's simply because publishers are harvesting more revenue.

      There are also many books for which the publisher's contribution is virtually nil. This is the case for many graduate-level texts in math and science, for example. The author writes the book in LaTeX, produces a PDF file, and it basically goes straight to production with little more than a quick copyedit from a freelancer.

      Another recent change is that print on demand production is getting more and more competitive with traditional printing. It used to be that when a publisher printed 10,000 copies of a book and sold only 7,000, a manager would get in trouble for coming so close to underestimating demand. The cost of production was virtually all setup cost; very little was the incremental cost of printing one more book. Nowadays it's totally different. If your initial run ends up not being enough copies to satisfy demand, you fill in the gap with POD. What this does is to take a huge amount of the risk out of the proposition for the publisher. By all rights, this improvement in efficiency and reduction in risk should have led to lower textbook prices, not higher ones.

  2. Tuition by aztrailerpunk · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Trying to lower the cost of books is a great idea but what stops schools from not raising tuition on the back end when they see those funds become available. Get school tuition under control first and then worry about the books.

    --
    Foot placed squarely in mouth since 1983.
    1. Re:Tuition by Ragun · · Score: 2

      In the case of textbooks, its not the schools robbing the students so much as publishers robbing students. I am sure there are kickbacks involved to keep the whole thing rolling, but cutting out the middleman is probably in the student's best interests.

    2. Re:Tuition by jcombel · · Score: 4, Insightful

      all of my classes that i felt required a textbook to get an A, the book happened to have been (co)authored by the professor.

      academic instruction as an avenue for royalties hooooo

    3. Re:Tuition by ByOhTek · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I don't think I've ever had a class where the professor [co]authored the book, but plenty where it was necessary.

      Books certainly are a nice way to get some royalties, but it isn't a universal method.

      --
      Self proclaimed typo king, and inventor of the bear destroying coffee table (patent not pending).
    4. Re:Tuition by SydShamino · · Score: 2

      Books don't cost less at the school where the professor teaches though. Otherwise there would be a thriving business buying textbooks at the schools where their authors teach and selling them to all the other schools.

      If the professor isn't collecting the royalty, then either the publisher or the school's book store is. And using the book at the professor's school has to be good for marketing, which leads to greater adoption and more royalties.

      --
      It doesn't hurt to be nice.
    5. Re:Tuition by querist · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I'm a college professor and I've never heard of these kickbacks except from people claiming that they exist. I select textbooks because they are what is available. I hate it when publishers change a few minor things and put out a new edition. I have three versions of the same book published within a four-year period and the fourth edition is coming out later this year. And they keep changing the order of the chapters so I have to change assignments, test questions, etc. Granted, I don't mind keeping my courses up to date, but I think a new edition of a text book every 16-18 months is a bit much, especially when the editions are not compatible for things such as exercises and chapter ordering. I LIKE used textbooks. I would encourage my students to use them if I could, but it seems that the publishers are trying to kill the used-book market for textbooks. I realize that things change rapidly in computer science, but I think they could slow down the update rate a little on these books without sacrificing much. The only thing worse is when a good textbook is NOT updated at all. One of my favorite texts is now horridly out of date, but there is no new edition on the horizon and I really can't find a better book for the subject. I've been forced to use two lesser books (which I also hate doing - I think you should have one textbook per class). Sorry for the rant, but I want people to understand that the professors are just as frustrated by all of this as you are, except perhaps the ones who author the textbooks. The fact that I receive free "desk copies" of books does not eliminate my frustration. I know my students are still paying huge amounts of money for textbooks and there's only so much I can do about it. I'm trying to find open textbook alternatives, and I may have to take time to write one if I can't find one.

  3. Re:WMF is a charity by alphatel · · Score: 5, Insightful

    How do you "break the legs" of a registered charity like Wikimedia Foundation?

    Press charges in your country against their leader, extradite him, and then try him for "terrorism"

    --
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  4. Fixed since last time? by 0100010001010011 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    A while back slashdot had a story about Open Source text books. I scanned through the books they had available and they were absolute junk. It appeared to be written in word with formulas printed out then scanned in as images and inserted inline. Needless to say they looked horrible.

    Has the opensource Calculus book moved on to LaTeX since then or does it still look the same?

  5. State-Mandated textbooks work so well in TX by ElmoGonzo · · Score: 5, Funny

    Can you imagine the politics over what the textbooks should say about evolution, climate change, economics, history,etc. First edition says Oceania has always been at war with Eurasia but by the second edition, Eurasia has become Oceania's ally.

    1. Re:State-Mandated textbooks work so well in TX by taiwanjohn · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This. The problem with "state mandated" open-source anything is that it's (by definition) not "open" anymore. Apart from that, it's a great idea.

      In fact, it's such a great idea, that you almost don't need the "school" part anymore. Between wikipedia (et. al.) and the plethora of lecture videos on various topics available online, the only thing left is interaction with a teacher/mentor for any questions or skill-building exercises, and even that is probably available online these days too.

      The only problem is: this is only enough to actually learn the material... you still don't get that "accredited" piece of paper. Given the skyrocketing costs of modern education (in the USA at least), how long will it be before people start leapfrogging the bricks-and-mortar education system altogether?

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
  6. Inevitable, I Hope by dcollins · · Score: 5, Insightful

    As a college math teacher, my gut instinct is that this is the only damn thing that really makes any sense. Math books are probably ground-zero in that they have no need or right to change very much from year-to-year. They ought to be written once, and released for free for anyone to download and use (and modify and improve if you need to). If there's any more compelling use of computing technology to distribute knowledge, I frankly don't know what it is.

    What I see happening currently is one of two options: (a) Use a mass-market book that the publisher churns with a not-quite-compatible edition every year or two. The statistics text used in my classes (picked by department, not me) is excellent, but a new copy costs $180 to students, which kind of breaks my heart (multiply that by all their classes each year, holy damn!). (b) Use an in-house written textbook custom to the department (done in a lot of lower-level classes) which will be cheaper, lets the department recoup some of the money, but is of much lower quality (fewer exercises by an order-of-magnitude, no proofreading for errors, no graphic design, no color, hand-drawn sketches, etc.) And this work is probably repeated thousands of times at schools across the country.

    Just write the damn thing once, somehow, and give it away free to everyone. Seems inevitable, and I'm eager to see it.

    --
    We know where leadership by an anti-intellectual "strongman" who scapegoats minorities and likes boisterous rallies goes
    1. Re:Inevitable, I Hope by hedwards · · Score: 2

      I mostly agree. The main problem that math text books have is in terms of format. The concepts haven't changed much if at all in many decades, at least for the courses most folks take.

      The bigger issue tends to be format, and an open source textbook could definitely deal with that in a way that you could have several different books in use in the same course that all use the same examples, problem sets and solutions, but were slightly different in organization. As in larger print or explanations next to the example or different coloring for those with learning disorders.

    2. Re:Inevitable, I Hope by SleazyRidr · · Score: 2

      In most of my books the answers to the exercises were in the back of the book, why would having them available online be any different?

    3. Re:Inevitable, I Hope by bcrowell · · Score: 2

      Use an in-house written textbook custom to the department (done in a lot of lower-level classes) which will be cheaper, lets the department recoup some of the money, but is of much lower quality (fewer exercises by an order-of-magnitude, no proofreading for errors, no graphic design, no color, hand-drawn sketches, etc.)

      I teach physics, not math, but here are some existing math books that I consider to be of pretty high quality:

      1. Hefferon, Linear Algebra, http://joshua.smcvt.edu/linalg.html/ (BY-SA license)
      2. Judson, Abstract Algebra: Theory and Applications, http://abstract.ups.edu/ (GFDL license)
      3. Corral, Trigonometry, http://mecmath.net/trig/ (GFDL license)
      4. Keisler, Elementary Calculus: An Approach Using Infinitesimals, http://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/calc.html (CC-BY-NC-SA license)
      5. Illowsky and Dean, Collaborative Statistics, http://cnx.org/content/col10522/latest/ (CC-BY license)

      The lack of color in the printed versions of free books is never going to change. The cost of producing a book in color is high enough that no significant number of students will ever choose it voluntarily over a free digital book. This may become less relevant as more and more students start carrying a tablet or a laptop in their backpacks.

      Proofreading, error checking, and increasing the number of exercises are all things that could definitely benefit from a wider collaborative effort, and I don't think they require government funding as proposed by Steinberg. E.g., my own physics texts are free, and I've benefited a lot over the years from having people send me emails pointing out errors. I do have a few exercises from other people's physics books that are under compatible licenses, but not very many.

      High quality art would definitely be a huge plus for free textbooks. My wife paid a couple of people to do art for her free French textbook, but in general, illustrations are an area where government funding really might make a huge difference.

    4. Re:Inevitable, I Hope by lahvak · · Score: 2

      I hear that a lot from some of my colleagues. I do not really see how it is different from a situation where the answers are not available, but only one or two students in the class actually solve the problems, and everybody else copies it from them. Yes, you may occasionally be able to "catch" people doing that when the one student doing the work makes a mistake and everybody copies the same mistake, but I personally have better use for my grading and class preparation time than doing detective work to figure out who is the cheater, and then arguing with students when they claim they did not cheat, they just randomly all happen to have the same mistake. I just simply stopped grading homework, and instead base my quizzes directly on the assigned homework. Students who simply copied their homework from somebody else will likely not be able to recreate the work on the quiz. In addition, the point of homework is for student to learn by practicing, so even if somebody did somehow managed to get the homework right, but failed to actually learn it, they should not be getting the credit for it anyway.

      --
      AccountKiller
  7. Leaders, plural by tepples · · Score: 2

    Good luck doing that against all the trustees of the WMF at once.

    1. Re:Leaders, plural by Tsingi · · Score: 3, Funny

      I'm trying to figure out how we got to "gitmo" and "treasonous" from "Open Source Textbooks."

      "Open Source Textbooks" -> loss of profit for publishers -> US government intervention -> black ops -> torture.

      It's like a template you can apply to anything. Duh.

  8. Re:I'm for open textbooks, but from another state. by toadlife · · Score: 2

    Care to cite some examples or left-wingery in textbooks used by CA schools?

    --
    I don't always use unix-like operating systems; but when I do, I prefer FreeBSD.
  9. Re:I'm for open textbooks, but from another state. by Hatta · · Score: 5, Funny

    Of course they are, they're accurate. Reality has a well known liberal bias.

    --
    Give me Classic Slashdot or give me death!
  10. Greed (here) is good by MacAndrew · · Score: 4, Interesting

    It's not just a good idea, it's inevitable. The immediate drive, always a convincing one in politics, is money. the interesting Q is HOW to do it, but whether to start, and to do it with public money is a no-brainer. You might otherwise as well question whether public-financed education is relevant. That ship has sailed, and this is just one part of that critical project. Feynman's essay on textbook adoption is timeless: http://www.textbookleague.org/103feyn.htm

    Current textbooks are overweight, expensive, and boring. Many schools including ours have been reduced into getting students two copies because they were to heavy to take to school and back (really). Now the kids rarely even open the things.

  11. Advance by Comboman · · Score: 2

    That's why they ask the publisher for an advance fee. And publisher are willing to pay it for a book with a guaranteed market. Also, only some schools enforce that rule.

    --
    Support Right To Repair Legislation.
  12. Kickstart It? by eldavojohn · · Score: 3, Informative

    Just write the damn thing once, somehow, and give it away free to everyone. Seems inevitable, and I'm eager to see it.

    Hey man if you're up for writing it, I'd definitely chuck $25 at a thing like this. I donated $25 to Daniel Shiffman's Nature of Code book and plan on reviewing it on Slashdot once he's done. Here's some examples of his latest products for it: PDF of Chapter 10 and Code.

    Figure out how much money you would need to have your department make some creative common texts and see how Kickstarter responds ...

    --
    My work here is dung.
  13. Re:State subsidized? With what money? by geekoid · · Score: 2

    You are spouting nonsense.

    1) reforming copyright has no bearing on student material

    2) Copyright isn't likely to expire while a student is using the book

    3) textbooks get updated. Which would also update the copyright for the NEW version.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  14. Re:State subsidized? With what money? by geekoid · · Score: 2

    "The enormous cost savings for students also translates into greater efficiencies in the use of California student aid. Cal Grant B recipients are currently allotted a $1551 annual stipend for books and living expenses. By significantly reducing textbook costs, the students will have more resources to cover the array of others costs necessary for pursuing higher education. "

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  15. Re:I'm for open textbooks, but from another state. by Colonel+Korn · · Score: 2

    'Sciences' like * studies?

    Learning more about Ceasar Chavez then George Washington?

    These ideas come from people like yourself saying, "Those kooks in California would probably ______________," but don't match reality. There are a few absurd exceptions that you can find in any state, but no statistically significant trend of crazy liberalism in Californian textbooks. Also, there's no way to be as far from the truth as evolution denial in textbooks but in the opposite direction. That scale runs from reality to Texas.

    --
    "I zero-index my hamsters" - Willtor (147206)
  16. Re:I'm for open textbooks, but from another state. by tepples · · Score: 2

    Cesar Chavez lived in Arizona, which borders California. I've always wondered why K-12 students living in Minnesota and Michigan learn more about the history of Texas, which is literally a thousand miles away, than about the history of the province of Ontario, which borders Minnesota and Michigan.

  17. A lawsuit costs money, and donation can be blocked by tepples · · Score: 2

    I would utterly dare a company, with or without SOPA, to "block" Wikimedia projects and sue the WMF for copyright violations from previous fair-use content plus original content donated to the foundation through open source licenses like the GFDL and CC-by-SA.

    It's called a SLAPP, and one of the tactics used in a SLAPP is for the plaintiff to drag out the proceedings in order to deplete the alleged infringer's legal fund.

    aggressive steps to remove copyright violations.when found.

    This gives WMF a defense under OCILLA. However, it still costs money to assert such a defense in court. This hurts especially if the incumbent copyright owners and the U.S. government manage to get the major payment processors (PayPal, Visa, and MasterCard) on the incumbent copyright owners' side, as tlhIngan suggested.