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The Himalayas and Nearby Peaks Have Lost No Ice In Past 10 Years, Study Shows

DesScorp writes "A story from UK's Guardian reports on a study of ice levels from the Himalayas area, and finds that no significant melting has occurred, despite earlier predictions of losses of up to 50 billion tons of ice. 'The very unexpected result was the negligible mass loss from high mountain Asia, which is not significantly different from zero,' said Professor Jonathan Bamber, who also warns that 8 years simply isn't enough time to draw conclusions. 'It is awfully dangerous to take an eight-year record and predict even the next eight years, let alone the next century,' he said." Readers have sent in a few other stories today relating to melting (or persisting) ice around the globe; read on for more. bonch writes "New research from the University of Colorado concludes that the polar ice caps are melting less than previously thought. Almost 230 billion tons of ice annually melt into the ocean, 30% less than past predictions. The new data comes from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite, which provides more accurate estimates than previous methods."

The earth being a complex thing, though, note that these observations don't mean an end to predictions of elevated sea level.

Finally, an anonymous reader writes with another ice story: "NASA's Terra satellite saw a huge crack in the Pine Island Glacier in Antarctica and it is all set to give rise to an iceberg the size of Manhattan! The huge gash in the snow is 30 kilometers (or 19 miles) long and nearly 100 meters wide, and is widening every passing minute. This is expected to create an iceberg more than 900 square kilometer in area, as compared to the 785 square kilometer area of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Staten Island and Bronx combined, said NASA."

38 of 409 comments (clear)

  1. Maintaining a balanced position by bonch · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I think the lesson to take away is to strive for a rational, "healthily skeptical" position when presented with climate data. It's just such an unpredictable thing--literally, a complicated system the size of the entire world with a scale spanning molecules, continents, and beyond. The media doesn't help, either--it's drive for alarmism tends to overly simplify or exaggerate situations, and perhaps even the scientists involved get caught up in it.

    For example, do you remember how polar bears drowning in the Arctic sea due to global warming were cited as a reason to classify them as an endangered species, and how they were used as a symbol of climate change in Al Gore's movie? The lead scientist was actually placed on administrative leave, and several questions were raised about how the bears actually died and how the corpses were observed from 1,500 up in a helicopter rather than examined to actually determine their cause of death. Whether or not they were really drowning, there just wasn't enough data to come to the conclusion that was presented to the public with the level of certainty that was conveyed.

    Unfortunately, if you're someone who agrees with doing the logical thing--reducing the negative environmental impact of humans as much as possible, within reasonable economic boundaries--the exaggerations and alarmism sweep you away into being on a "side", and you're shoved right in the middle of the mosh pit of tribal politics. If you question a conclusion or suggest a way of doing things, and you maintain a nuanced or balanced position, you get shit on by everybody, and nothing gets accomplished.

    George Carlin did an insightful (and profanity-laden) bit on alarmism in modern society.

    1. Re:Maintaining a balanced position by dougmwne · · Score: 5, Informative

      For example, do you remember how polar bears drowning in the Arctic sea due to global warming were cited as a reason to classify them as an endangered species, and how they were used as a symbol of climate change in Al Gore's movie? The lead scientist was actually placed on administrative leave, and several questions were raised about how the bears actually died and how the corpses were observed from 1,500 up in a helicopter rather than examined to actually determine their cause of death. Whether or not they were really drowning, there just wasn't enough data to come to the conclusion that was presented to the public with the level of certainty that was conveyed.

      The Charles Monnett (polar bear scientist) investigation was likely politically motivated since nothing has come of it, but either way, the agency is on-record saying that his temporary administrative leave was unrelated to his polar bear research. He is back to work as of last August. This entire climate debate is so politically charged that a "rational "healthily skeptical" position" probably doesn't exist.

      Director Bromwich:
      " I can assure you that the decision had nothing to do with his scientific work, or anything relating to a five-year old journal article, as advocacy groups and the news media have incorrectly speculated. Nor is this a "witch hunt" to suppress the work of our many scientists and discourage them from speaking the truth. Quite the contrary. In this case, it was the result of new information on a separate subject brought to our attention very recently."

      http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/boemre-director-says-offshore-oil-agency-not-witch-hunt

    2. Re:Maintaining a balanced position by PortHaven · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I agree....

      In my childhood, it was always sunny, seldom a rainy day, it was never too hot, never too cold.

      Now, it's gets bloody cold, lots of snow, extremely humid, all in just 20 years time.

      Maybe I shouldn't have moved from San Diego to the northeast. *ponder*

    3. Re:Maintaining a balanced position by hey! · · Score: 4, Informative

      In fairness to Dr. Monnett's reputation, if you cite the story that he was suspended in July, you should also note that the suspension was lifted several weeks later. Also in the name of fairness you should note that the reason he could not substantiate his observations to the IG's investigators (as reported in the article) is that they'd seized his papers. When those papers were returned the interview notes and other supporting evidence was found in them.

      To all appearances this investigation is petering out, if it is not dead already. But let us grant that this is not necessarily the case. If so, *we don't know* the ultimate outcome. But should the investigation ultimately *exonerate* Dr. Monnett and Mr. Gleason, should their work be completely *vindicated*, the damage to their reputation is already done, and through means from which they could not possibly have defended themselves.

      You cannot hold up an investigation, especially one with such political implications, as prima facie evidence of guilt. That's just commons sense. It *used* to be called "common decency". Even if the accusations that have been floated are proved true -- an event that seems increasingly unlikely -- the reckless use of the existence of an investigation to sully these men's reputations is repugnant to me. *Anybody* can manufacture an accusation. And any accusation of serious wrongdoing should be investigated. But it is that very necessity which makes the abuse of an investigation's mere *existence* for political ends an intolerable threat to individual liberty.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
  2. Popcorn anyone? by elrous0 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Zealots...to your respective corners!

    In this corner, we have Chicken Little, the frothing-at-the-mouth environmentalist who thinks the world is about to explode and every cute polar cub in going to drown if we don't do something RIGHT NOW! NOW! NOW! NOW!

    And in this corner, we have Jesus H. Capitalist, the denier who thinks that pumping shit-tons of crap into the atmosphere and abolishing the EPA are good things because BP and Chevron say it's okay and Jesus says "Vote Republican!"

    Gentlemen, when the bell sounds...begin your crazed hyperbole! Remember, bonus points are given for the most convoluted Nazi analogy.

    Ding, ding.

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
  3. It's obvious... by hsthompson69 · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...Big Oil must've airlifted extra snow up there when nobody was looking! :)

  4. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by MobyDisk · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I'm not so sure. I'd like to see some scientific data to back that up. In the mean time, I will remain skeptical by default.

    (Only half joking here)

  5. Controversy aside by istartedi · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Controversy over AGW aside, this means nothing. The world can warm while some regions gain, lose, or maintain ice. It's GLOBAL climate change so what matters is the GLOBAL ice pack.

    --
    For all intensive purposes, "whom" is no longer a word. That begs the question, "who cares"?
  6. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by EdZ · · Score: 5, Informative

    It's 'healthy' to follow the data and not make any assumptions before you analyze it.

    That's what skepticism is.

  7. Re:Entirely normal during climate change. by suprcvic · · Score: 4, Insightful

    So basically what you're saying is that CLIMATE CHANGE may cause things to happen that have already happened to the planet before? Like when the Sahara was a lush forest? Somehow in our human ego-maniacal way we must be the cause of this change because it has NEVER happened before.

  8. And the seas are not rising by Chemisor · · Score: 5, Informative

    In related news from last year, global sea levels dropped 6mm over 2010.

  9. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by TubeSteak · · Score: 5, Funny

    Disbelieving things by default isn't really much better, from a scientific perspective, than believing everything you hear.

    [Citation Needed]

    --
    [Fuck Beta]
    o0t!
  10. Skepticism by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    >who also warns that 8 years simply isn't enough time to draw conclusions

    Right, 8 years isn't long enough to draw conclusions when the 8 years of evidence doesn't point to the conclusion you want it to.

    But if it points to the conclusion you want, then it's all the proof you need.

    (Sorry... I think there are MANY forces at work that shape our climate, and people are pretty arrogant to think they understand all of them.)

  11. As someone who thinks GW is real by wisebabo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I am glad that seemingly hard facts are being presented.

    While I still think the overwhelming evidence supports the hypothesis that 1) GW is occurring and 2) man is responsible, at least this is better than the ranting and raving that I've come to expect from skeptics.

    Of course my thinking is sustained by much more complete data sets of a GLOBAL perspective provided by climatologists. There was a recent animation produced by NASA recently that showed a map of worldwide temperature readings for the past 150 years. (I submitted it to slashdot, for some reason it was rejected). If the skeptics can continue to produce data that shows the GW is not happening I'm open to changing my thinking. But again, from what I've been following in the literature, there hasn't been much supporting their point of view.

    Look, I'm not ideologically opposed to fossil fuels per say; with the vastly increased amounts of natural gas in the U.S. I'm happy to use a fuel that doesn't directly fund people who hate us. However I'm also not one to overlook an inconvenient truth.

    1. Re:As someone who thinks GW is real by hsthompson69 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I still think the overwhelming evidence supports the hypothesis that 1) GW is occurring and 2) man is responsible,

      You can have #1 without #2.

      On top of that, the implied #3 (GW is a bad thing) is also disputable.

      So, say we agree on the actual temperature *data* observed and stipulate to #1. What data would convince you that #2, or #3 aren't true?

    2. Re:As someone who thinks GW is real by jfengel · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Yep. That's science, doing exactly what the deniers claim it doesn't do, and that's the reason why those who value knowledge over ideology favor the scientists over the deniers.

      I've given up worrying about the climate change in itself. The denialists have won, and will win, until it's far too late (as it may already be). I'd kind of like to see science win out over ignorance, and I think science still has a slight edge. It maintains that edge by being the ones who take into account all of the facts to reach true conclusions, and altering their understanding when new facts come to light to keep their conclusions in line with the best understanding.

      As a way to understand the world, it's more effective than ideology. As a way to make things happen, it's getting trounced, at least in this area. Perhaps I should care about the latter more than the former, but having lost there, I take what solace I can in at least trying to understand the world. Even if it means that some day the retards get to score extra points.

    3. Re:As someone who thinks GW is real by Svartalf · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You know... Calling someone "deniers" is quite simply not science at all- it's just another form of religion when you start down that path.

      --
      I am not merely a "consumer" or a "taxpayer". I am a Citizen of the State of Texas
  12. DId you read tha article by geekoid · · Score: 4, Informative

    and understand why? HINT, it's not because of cooling or creating more ice.

    It's because of more rain fall over land.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  13. How could this be? by Colonel+Korn · · Score: 4, Funny

    Shouldn't the vast global environmentalist "AGW" conspiracy have prevented these scientists from publishing their results? Isn't climate science controlled by a crowd that ensures their future prosperity by preventing dissenting opinions? How could this be?!

    --
    "I zero-index my hamsters" - Willtor (147206)
  14. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by Sarten-X · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Number 2, I guess.

    I was brainwashed into thinking that the scientific method leads to fallible results, which may be disproved by later tests.

    I must be a rube for thinking that we should make decisions based on the best available theories of the time, with the acceptance that policies may need to change later.

    How dumb of me to think that temperature changes might be a temporary thing, but it probably wouldn't hurt to cut pollution, anyway.

    --
    You do not have a moral or legal right to do absolutely anything you want.
  15. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by MidnightBrewer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I agree. We're far enough into the global warming thing for 100% of scientists to agree that global warming is occurring, and 98% of them to agree that it's somehow caused or contributed to by human activity (those are real statistics in an article I read on the problems of the media trying too hard to present both sides of an argument regardless of the percentages involved; I'm too lazy to provide a link, but hey, so's the grandparent). The "healthy skepticism" sounds like someone trying to sound reasonable while still obviously not wanting to believe that anything bad is really happening.

    --
    "Give a man fire, and he'll be warm for a day; set a man on fire, and he'll be warm for the rest of his life
  16. Isostacy by PeterM+from+Berkeley · · Score: 4, Informative

    You might have nailed it. If you remove the mass from the top of the Himalayas in the form of water, the reduced weight will cause the mountains to rebound upward from the pressure from underneath.

    Effectively, missing water mass is replaced by mineral mass, in what might be an almost perfect balance.

    The term for this is isostacy, there's a wikipedia article on it.

    --PM

  17. Always helpful to RTFA before blathering... by wkcole · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Note that this is not a reply to any particular prior comment...

    From TFA:

    The scientists are careful to point out that lower-altitude glaciers in the Asian mountain ranges – sometimes dubbed the "third pole" – are definitely melting. Satellite images and reports confirm this. But over the study period from 2003-10 enough ice was added to the peaks to compensate

    That is exactly what one would expect for some degree of overall warming. The highest parts of the Himalayas are still high and cold enough to freeze out every bit of moisture in the air that brings them snow, but that air (mostly monsoon flow from the south) is generally moister because it and the ocean it has passed are significantly warmer than in the past. The result is low glaciers melting back from the warm air and rain instead of snow and higher protoglacial snowpack growing faster than the existing glacier paths can move out.

    This is very basic weather science: more snow in routinely cold places does not mean they are getting colder, it means they are getting more injections of warm humid air. Of course that's only true as long as the cold predominates, because eventually it all turns to rain. I've watched this happen in Michigan, where we've gone from record snowfall years (but not record cold) to unusually warm and soaked-through winters.

  18. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by Kjella · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Most of the "climate reporting" is completely retarded. High and low pressures alternate, air is always flowing from high to low. Like now Eastern Europe has been very cold, well at Svalbard they've had record warmth because the high pressure has pushed low pressures with warm, moist air north. These lead to huge local year-to-year variations with mild and cold winters. And every mild season people go "ooh, must be global warming" and every cold season people go "ooh, global warming is a hoax" and the media isn't helping with their sensationalism. To say if it was really a global effect you need lots of data and would probably end up in a boring conclusion like "Average world temperature rose by 0.08C this year".

    What's that, zero point zero something degrees you say? 8C in 100 years would actually be extremely much, but it sounds very little, very boring. So 99% of it is sensationalist hype from local extremes, because if you look at a huge mass of data and cherry pick results you'll always find some that are way outside the normal. That's at least what I consider healthy skepticism, in fact I'd apply it to most things found in mainstream media. Extrapolating from the fields where I know they butcher the truth, I don't expect the others to fare any better. I bet that for example doctors are tearing their hair out over the medical reporting, where almost any result is hyped like a major breakthrough or a cure being right around the corner to get readers.

    --
    Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
  19. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by bonch · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You couldn't be more incorrect. Being skeptical means to be not easily convinced. To not take things at face value and to demand solid evidence for extraordinary claims.

    It does NOT mean "disbelieving things by default."

  20. Denier language from global warming enthusiasts... by dtjohnson · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The funniest quote was from the University of Colorado Professor Wahr who states: ""It is awfully dangerous to take an eight-year record and predict even the next eight years, let alone the next century," he said." That's what us deniers say! Maybe we are reaching a 'consensus.' He prefaces his comments by saying: "Our results and those of everyone else show we are losing a huge amount of water into the oceans every year, people should be just as worried about the melting of the world's ice as they were before." I can assure Professor Wahr that denier concern levels about the melting of the world's ice is unchanged from before the release of the study. Most importantly for Prof. Wahr, 'everyone else' is still solidly behind the 'we are losing huge amounts of ice' school of thought in spite of the pesky Himalaya study.

  21. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by _xen · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I will remain skeptical by default.

    Absolutely! It's a sad day when those of us who do accept the mainstream position on this topic feel we have to denounce skepticism (ie. the demand for proof as opposed to mere nay saying) itself, or cannot recognise reports such as these as good news.

  22. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by Exoman · · Score: 4, Funny

    CITE YOUR GODDAM SOURCES... You. You have to be the first.

    [Citation Needed]

  23. Re:The 100% claim is essentially correct by Marcika · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Make no mistake, life will "flourish" even after 3 billion humans have starved. Nobody's arguing that life will stop -- or even human life; they just point out that the flooding of Bangladesh and the droughts in Subsaharan Africa might be avoidable...

  24. Re:The 100% claim is essentially correct by Nimey · · Score: 4, Funny

    Not retarded, politically motivated.

    The two are often hard to distinguish, I'll grant.

    --
    Hail Eris, full of mischief...

    E pluribus sanguinem
  25. Re:The 100% claim is essentially correct by Xyrus · · Score: 5, Interesting

    There's also extremely solid evidence that the climate has been much warmer today with ten times the amount of CO2 in the air, and not only was life just grand then, life flourished, and was even more diverse then, then it is today.

    Yes, AFTER life adapted to the environment. When the climate shifted rapidly it caused an extinction event. In fact, every time there has been a rapid climate change there has been an extinction event. Only when life has adapted to the new conditions does it "flourish".

    You're also equating the world millions of years ago to the world of today, which is naive.

    So, we're going to base all of our information on 150-200 years roughly.

    Hardly. Paleoclimate reconstructions go back reliably for thousands of years.

    With 20-30 years of 'goodish' data, with 5-15 years of not bad data, with 5 years of okay data.

    You're confusing weather and climate. Don't do that.

    That the earth is warming. Not forgetting that, it's been so much warmer when humans weren't even involved.

    Beh.

    No one is arguing that. However, the Earth does not warm up just because it wants to. Climate change happens when something about the planet changes. These can be volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts, extended solar minimums, orbital variations, etc. .

    Here's what we are observing. The planet is warming rapidly. The trend started about 100 years or so ago. We have not undergone any noticeable orbital or axial variations. Solar output has not significantly increased or decreased. The Earth does not produce a significant amount of surface heat.

    Given all that, come up with a way for the planetary temperature to rise WITHOUT using the significant increases in GHGs and DOESN'T violate the laws of thermodynamics.

    --
    ~X~
  26. Re:The 100% claim is essentially correct by ArcherB · · Score: 4, Informative

    Whoever modded this insightful is retarded. In no point in recorded history, or in the estimation of past CO2 levels, has the level of CO2 ever been 10 times the current amount.

    Be careful who you call retarded. You're gonna feel really stupid when someone comes along and proves you wrong.

    OOH! OOH! Let me!

    HERE ya go!

    Did that not work? Try this one:

    Present atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are not unprecedented in geological history. Throughout the Phanerozoic spanning the past 600 million years, carbon dioxide concentrations have been sporadically falling from well above 6000ppm (Berner, 2001). Carbon dioxide has risen before, only to be sequestered in its unstoppable decline to an all time low of 200ppm - in the midst of human history.

    To put that in perspective, the current levels are around 339ppm. If you are not good at math, 6000 is more than 10 x 339.

    Need more? Click HERE

    Glad I could help.

    --
    There is no "I disagree" mod for a reason. Flamebait, Troll, and Overrated are not substitutes.
  27. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by rtb61 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Skepticism, always relies on stopping for a moment to think about a story you have read to find gaps in logic.

    Hmm, melting ice, obviously if the location has temperatures in the range of -10 degrees and the temperature goes up to -8 degrees you are not going to see a great difference in melting at that location. You might see some interesting changes in glacier fracture due to stresses on 'weaker' ice.

    Next up the 2 degree change in temperatures will not necessarily reduce precipitation, in this case snow falls. In fact at this location it will likely increase snow if at lower levels that rise in temperature is exacerbated due to local climatic conditions substantively increasing the moister in the air prior to it's rise to higher altitudes and the resultant increased precipitation occurs.

    So all that ever will count are global averages, local areas only count where critical impacts might occur. Say like a storm surges might start flooding down town New York upon a regular basis or record snow falls over the whole of winter make even with a rise in temperature make Vancouver uninhabitable.

    The real truth is, how much will it cost to take preventative measures and not need them and how much will it cost to not take preventative measures and need them. Aside from of course the mass execution of all Fossil fuel propagandists, political puppets and their funders. The world will really not be in a forgiving mood, with truly unpredictable changes in human society arising from that catastrophe but those short hair crested rock throwing monkeys have always been vengeful.

    --
    Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
  28. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by narcc · · Score: 5, Funny

    Well, the numbers I have can be found here

    84% support the earth is warming
    74% support man influenced warming
    67% warming due to man made CO2
    14% that the earth is in fact cooling.

    These are in complete agreement with this expert as well.

  29. Re:The 100% claim is essentially correct by __aaltlg1547 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    There's also extremely solid evidence that the climate has been much warmer today with ten times the amount of CO2 in the air, and not only was life just grand then. Life flourished, and was even more diverse then, then it is today. . So, we're going to base all of our information on 150-200 years roughly. With 20-30 years of 'goodish' data, with 5-15 years of not bad data, with 5 years of okay data. That the earth is warming. Not forgetting that, it's been so much warmer when humans weren't even involved.

    Beh.

    But that was millions of years ago and every species alive at that time is now extinct. Sure, life will flourish if the Earth's temperature increases a few degrees and CO2 increases. But the Earth won't look the same and many of the species alive now will go extinct just like they always have when there have been big climate shifts.

    And it will be damn inconvenient for humans who have built their cities by the oceans and in the lowlands to take advantage of trade and the best places for agriculture.

    So evidence that the Earth is heating more slowly than we thought is good news. It means we have more time to get prepared for or possibly stave off the worst of the change.

  30. Re:Fear Mongering by CapOblivious2010 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Those who are yelling "Global Meltdown", like their "Millennium Bug" counterparts a decade or so ago, are nothing more than fear mongers

    They engage in fear mongering for one very specific purpose, and that is, they benefit from public panics

    The "Millennium Bug" fear mongers spreaded fears so wide that even ridiculous fear such as "Planes dropping from the sky" were uttered by many

    The "Millennium Bug" was little more than a hiccup precisely because the publicity spurred decision-makers to invest huge amounts of effort into reviewing/fixing old systems so that they didn't have problems. Had it not been for the publicity, many of the systems probably would not have been fixed and then there would have been hell to pay (as in "How could you eggheads let this happen?")

    It was a no-win situation for IT professionals (at least in terms of the general public's view of them; I hear it was a major win for consulting companies who could scrounge up COBOL programmers)

  31. Re:Skeptical != Scientific by riverat1 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I'm not sure how good this news is. From the Guardian article:

    The scientists are careful to point out that lower-altitude glaciers in the Asian mountain ranges – sometimes dubbed the "third pole" – are definitely melting. Satellite images and reports confirm this. But over the study period from 2003-10 enough ice was added to the peaks to compensate.

    So while the total amount of ice has remained relatively stable it appears the snowfall is moving up in elevation. As the atmosphere warms it can hold more water vapor so a possible cause of the increase in ice at higher elevations is warmer temperatures carrying water vapor higher before it precipitates out. The news may ameliorate some of the concerns over the water delivered by glaciers to the lowlands but it doesn't appear to me to be evidence against global warming.

  32. Re:The 100% claim is essentially correct by Troll-in-Training · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Nuclear power is only expensive because of the coal and enviromental lobbists

    http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=886&dat=19890326&id=dOdSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KYEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6879,6110878

    Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station

    Inital proposed costs 2.8 Billion

    Final Cost 5.8 Billion, 9.3 Billion with Financing added in

    1.8 million Manhours wasted

    I talked with a Senior Security employee at APS once who started out back in the day working security at the construction of that plant and he told me this story.

    Due to regulations each contractor had to have the contents of their tool bag inventoried before they were allowed to begin work or leave work.

    Each item brought into the plant had to be listed on a sheet with each Item getting a line.

    Example 1 box of screws
    1. cardboard box screws with plastic window 50 count
    2. plastic window from box of screws 50 count
    3. 1 screw - from box of screws 50 count
    4. 1 screw from box of screws 50 count
    5. 1 screw from box of screws 50 count

    I could go on but you get the point

    This was in the days before computers were everywhere so it had to be hand written At the end of the shift the same procedure was followed and the lists were compared and if there was any discrepency between the two and the contractors work log which recorded each item used and where it was used, a security guard had to accompany the contractor to locate the missing item and recover it.

    Initally contractors were put on the clock before they entered security and taken off the clock after they exited security, so there was incentive for workers to pad their hours by bring in unnecessary boxes of screws, and ocassionally leaving an item in the facility so that they could milk overtime. eventually it was sorted out but the contractors constantly found ways to abuse the regulations to justify extra pay.

    The plant at the time of the above story had no nuclear material present and the above work area that the contractors were being let into would never be exposed to nuclear material during operation (office building), but the regulation was in place purportedly to reduce the amount of potential nuclear waste by limiting and controlling the amount of material that went into the plant.

    Until the regulations governing nuclear power plant construction are rationalized there will be almost no nuclear plant construction in the US and it will always be expensive and over budget. Nuclear is cheaper than current solar technologies and coal but its the regulations that drive up the cost.