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Taking Down DNSChanger: A First Person Account

penciling_in writes "Paul Vixie shares his personal account of the DNSChanger takedown operation, working with the FBI and a worldwide team. He also explains the delay issues in identifying and notifying victims, which resulted in the FBI asking the judge for an extension. They were given four more months. 'On July 9 2012 the replacement DNS servers operated by ISC will be shut down and any victims who still depend on these servers will face new risks,' he warns. A half-dozen national Internet security teams around the world have created special websites that will display a warning message to potential victims of the DNS Changer infection. The full list of these 'DNS Checking' websites is published by the DNS Changer Working Group."

25 of 46 comments (clear)

  1. dcwg.org by vlm · · Score: 2

    Probably the most interesting side of "just another windows virus" story for non-windows users, is that 4-letter-acronym domains are available.
    I heard all the TLAs have been domain squatted since the mid 90s... I was honestly surprised its possible to obtain a FLA domain (four letter acronym), or at least it was possible for these guys for this one domain...

    --
    "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    1. Re:dcwg.org by Zocalo · · Score: 4, Funny

      It is dot org. Who cares about dot orgs? Squatters are more interested in dot com.

      Damn straight. That's some nice digs Kim has out there in New Zealand... Be a shame if he were sent down for a few years and a bunch of squatters moved in.

      --
      UNIX? They're not even circumcised! Savages!
    2. Re:dcwg.org by b0bby · · Score: 3, Informative

      I bought one a year or so ago on ebay; cost me $25. Not really "available" in that the sense that you could register it through any registrar, but available in that I could easily get it. There are lots of them on ebay all the time, they seem to start at $25 for a .com.

    3. Re:dcwg.org by lothos · · Score: 2

      All of the 4 letter .com domains have been registered. They expire and drop sometimes, and people grab them from places like SnapNames and NameJet. There's also an aftermarket where you can find the less desirable combinations for about $25-$100.

      There are plenty of 4 letter .net and .org domains that aren't registered yet, and they can be had for the price of registration at your favorite registrar.

    4. Re:dcwg.org by Aaron+B+Lingwood · · Score: 1

      Who cares about dot orgs?

      I have it on good authority from an SEO that links from dot orgs are weighted much more heavily by Google's ranking algorithm. In fact, I get free domain registration, hosting and admin for a few .org.au domains in exchange for a couple of (slightly relevant) links.

      --
      [Rent This Space]
  2. Why doesn't Google check for this? by brunes69 · · Score: 2

    It seems like Google would be in a position to quickly nip problems like this in the bud. If they implemented whatever the checks these systems are doing on their search result page, 99% of those infected would know about it.

    1. Re:Why doesn't Google check for this? by characterZer0 · · Score: 2

      How many of the infected Windows users are using Bing because it is the IE default?

      --
      Go green: turn off your refrigerator.
    2. Re:Why doesn't Google check for this? by WrongSizeGlass · · Score: 2

      It seems like Google would be in a position to quickly nip problems like this in the bud.

      I'm sure they are in a position to perform this type of check, but is it their place to do so?

      If they did it on their own we'd be up in arms about Google inspecting everything too deeply. If they don't do it we want to know why. It's a no win situation, but it's better for them to be persuaded to perform the task rather than jumping in with both feet and enduring the choir of complainants.

    3. Re:Why doesn't Google check for this? by Anthony+Mouse · · Score: 1

      There's nothing for Google to test. By the time they get your traffic, the DNS query is done.

      Why do you imagine they couldn't arrange the same result? Create a real DNS record for something like dns-ok.google.com pointed to a Google server with a no-op piece of javascript called test.js on it, then include "dns-ok.google.com/test.js" on google.com. Then they could call up the people who currently control the DNS changer server and tell them to add a record for dns-ok.google.com and point it to a different Google server where that piece of javascript causes the user to see a message that their computer is infected and provides instructions on how to fix it.

  3. Re:Couldn't get pass the picture of the unibrow by Sez+Zero · · Score: 1

    I don't care about the unibrow, but I have to admit I thought Paul Vixie would look more dashing.

    I'm not sure why, but I pictured him as a cross between Indiana Jones, Flash Gordon and Dilbert.

  4. Stupid by DarkOx · · Score: 4, Interesting

    They never should have setup replacement DNS servers.

    At most they should have put up a special server that just pointed every A record request to webserver with page explaining that you have or have had some malware on your system and are vulnerable, some instructionss to fix your DNS and patch your box or call your Administrator for help. Simply return NXDOMAIN for everything else.

    All this has accomplished is keeping a bunch of un-patched machines which lets face it most likely have or will have other malware on them as well in use by users making the possible victims of someone else.

    I have not bought into the argument about ISPs or corporate uses being effected severely either. Anyone effected by this thing is not using DNSEC. It would be trivial to NAT tcp53/udp53 requests to the addresses of the malicious DNS servers to safe in house one. ISPs and corporations then could go through those logs with their own resources and contact those users / customers for a fix, instead of being allowed to just shift the cost of their security failure onto the tax payer as they have. Such organizations should be going after the estate of the perps for damages and eating the costs that cannot be recovered or forcing their insurers to do it.

    This was just another abuse of the public.

    --
    Repeal the 17th Amendment TODAY! Also Please Read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
    1. Re:Stupid by vlm · · Score: 1

      It would be trivial to NAT tcp53/udp53 requests to the addresses of the malicious DNS servers to safe in house one.

      That doesn't scale very well on a "real network" although that works pretty well if you have one provider and one firewall (basically what you probably have at home but probably bigger). The "right" way to do it is have your BGP speaking routers advertise those specific routes, and one linux box with a bunch of virtual interfaces running bind, etc. Obviously you do not BGP advertise those routes to the general public unless you want the guys on the NANOG mailing list to laugh at you and your upstreams/peers to go all medieval on filtering your incoming routes (like next time you want to advertise a new route, demanding a signed LOA for the space before letting you advertise it ... I've had to do the "demand a signed LOA for the space from known company officer" in certain ... situations)

      --
      "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    2. Re:Stupid by DarkOx · · Score: 1

      I can see doing it via routes for ISPs who have many peers. I have never done a BGP implementation for anyone with more than three Internet gateways. Frankly I'd rather put few NAT rules on two or three gateways to make sure I have all the egress traffic covered than try to advertize a few /32s in BGP and either foul up or be fouled up by route summery.

      --
      Repeal the 17th Amendment TODAY! Also Please Read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
    3. Re:Stupid by vlm · · Score: 2

      If you're doing BGP, you already have experience advertising your blocks... so just advertise someone elses blocks remember to forget to permit those blocks thru your border prefix lists... Rather than feeding a whole pop with that block you'll probably be feeding a vlan with one linux box with 256 virtual interfaces or whatever, and lots of logging to report anyone actually trying to use it for DNS. Your own level of BOFH decides if you put bind on it with a normal resolver, or redirect *.com to an internal informational page, or you look up their ip and suspend their kerberos password automatically (which leads to hilarious results during initial testing, and if an old statically configured laser printer is using that for DNS etc).

      One place I'm aware of has a perl script that eats all their RANCID downloaded router configs and then outputs a "mistake file". Since its normally a pretty big mistake to advertise some space internally and forget to unfilter it at the border, this is one area where you have to be careful. Also if you have noobs on staff and they're all like "duh, senior wizard vlm is slippin', he's advertising 216.34.181.0/24 but he's filtered it at all the borders, let me help him out by unfiltering for him" well that's not going to end well...

      --
      "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    4. Re:Stupid by Qwertie · · Score: 1

      There is an alternative that doesn't suddenly take hundreds of thousands of computers off the internet: periodic denial of service. For two minutes every hour, on the hour, redirect all the most popular web domains to a HTTP server with a page with an FBI logo on it, explaining that you have the DNSChanger malware on your computer (or in your router) and that you must fix the problem or your internet will stop working completely in 4 months.

      The goal is to inform users that their machine is compromised in such a way they can't ignore it, and won't mistake it for a problem at their ISP. There's no need to kick them off the internet (if you completely block their access to DNS, how can they perform the necessary research to clean up their machine or router?)

  5. I still disagree with the delays by Skapare · · Score: 5, Interesting

    There should have been a period of time to do the notifications with the DNS running "normally". At the end of that (no extension), change the DNS servers so they return an IP for ALL domains that directs everything to a single page that tells them that their computers and/or network is infected, and they need to contact a security consultant, their ISP, or a specified contact at the FBI. After that time, the DNS should go dead (route those IPs into a blackhole). That all should have been overwith by now. There's no justification to delay further for stupid people.

    --
    now we need to go OSS in diesel cars
    1. Re:I still disagree with the delays by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Ditto.

      Who know what other malware/virus infections the computer may have. The prolonged extension does a dis-service to the infected machines. This is crazy.

  6. I've said it before by WillgasM · · Score: 2

    and I'll say it again. Why are we going though all this trouble? Just shut down the damn servers, or if you want to be nice redirect to a page explaining that they're infected. It takes me around 15 seconds to change my dns servers, but for some reason we need to drag this shit out til July.

    1. Re:I've said it before by WillgasM · · Score: 1

      Here's a scenario: what if the malware had just set their DNS to loopback or something stupid like that. They would have immediately lost internet and had to fix it or call someone who could. They'll be in the exact same boat when these rogue servers get shut down. So what's different about this situation? This time the government is in a position to help. Like I said, I'm fine with that. Redirect to a landing page explaining the problem. Leave it up for a couple weeks to make sure everyone gets the message, then pull the plug. Frankly, that's more help than they deserve. These people got infected, and as a consequence they lose internet until they resolve the problem. They can figure it out themselves, ask their tech friend for help, or shell out the money to have a pro look at it. The point is, it's THEIR problem. We don't need a government agency wasting time and effort holding these people's hands. If you're gonna take a shit, learn to wipe your own ass or be prepared to pay royally for someone else to wipe for you.

  7. Re:Couldn't get pass the picture of the unibrow by Xtifr · · Score: 1

    The original author of cron and bind is a "tech writer"? The man who claims to hold the record for the most CERT advisories due to a single author? When it comes to the Internet, the man has at least demi-god status, and when it comes to DNS, I think you have to call him a full-fledged god.

  8. They're doing it wrong. by rdebath · · Score: 1

    Sure, they don't want to kill the internet connections of thousands (or millions) of people in one night, this will cause the odd serious problem.

    But leaving some servers running perfectly isn't going to solve anything either. If everything is working fine these people are just going to leave it be; as they were told by the last guy who charged them to fix their machine last time!

    The answer is actually very simple; leave the server running but make sure it's CRAP.

    On day zero it works perfectly.
    On day one just one percent of queries are given a serverfail.
    On day two two percent are failed
    By the end of the first week people will start to notice that their internet is getting crap.
    By the end of the first month they will be asking around for help
    By the end of the second month they'll be ready to pay for help
    And finally, after just three months (and a week) the servers can be turned off, they're not doing anything anymore.

  9. Re:Couldn't get pass the picture of the unibrow by jgrahn · · Score: 1

    The original author of cron and bind is a "tech writer"?

    You're right at large, but he wasn't the original author of cron. He made the first(?) free clone.

  10. Re:Couldn't get pass the picture of the unibrow by jgrahn · · Score: 1

    I don't care about the unibrow, but I have to admit I thought Paul Vixie would look more dashing.

    I'm not sure why, but I pictured him as a cross between Indiana Jones, Flash Gordon and Dilbert.

    I pictured him as dark, handsome, but boyish. With rather long, black, curly hair. Funny how we make our own portraits of programmers, as if they were characters in a novel.

  11. Re:Couldn't get pass the picture of the unibrow by dhammabum · · Score: 1

    This is an insult to all inter-ocularly hirsute techs everywhere. We who sport the unibrow (or monobrow as it is known in Australia) - all look up to Mr Vixie, and I myself am proud to have been compared to Mr Twit of Roald Dahl's inspiring book, "The Twits" fame.

    Such comments are just jealousy, I suppose.

    --
    I am not a robot. I am a unicorn.
  12. Re:The FBI's detectors of virus infection are brok by Vernes · · Score: 1

    Sue. It's the only way to force your ISP to double check next time. Make it too expensive for them to be lazy.