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Researchers Try To Identify the Intelligence Gene

An anonymous reader writes "The world's largest brain study to date, with a team of more than 200 scientists from 100 institutions worldwide collaborated to map the human genes that boost or sabotage the brain's resistance to a variety of mental illnesses and Alzheimer's disease. The study also uncovered new genes that may explain individual differences in brain size and intelligence. From the article: 'Following a brain study on an unprecedented scale, an international collaboration has now managed to tease out a single gene that does have a measurable effect on intelligence. But the effect – although measurable – is small: the gene alters IQ by just 1.29 points. According to some researchers, that essentially proves that intelligence relies on the action of a multitude of genes after all.'"

37 of 254 comments (clear)

  1. The downside genetic engineering by crazyjj · · Score: 5, Interesting

    My intelligence is about all I have going for me. I know it's selfish, but I shudder to think of living in a world where *everyone* is smart by default. I didn't get kicked around all those years by the jocks just to settle for being an average intellect.

    Of course, I guess genetic engineering will probably turn everyone into super athletes too. But athletic prowess is a short-term thing anyway. Intellect is supposed to be for the long-term. But when/if the engineering starts, intellects (like athletes) will always be looking over their shoulders at their better engineered youngers gaining on them.

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    1. Re:The downside genetic engineering by Chrisq · · Score: 2

      My intelligence is about all I have going for me. I know it's selfish, but I shudder to think of living in a world where *everyone* is smart by default. I didn't get kicked around all those years by the jocks just to settle for being an average intellect.

      Of course, I guess genetic engineering will probably turn everyone into super athletes too. But athletic prowess is a short-term thing anyway. Intellect is supposed to be for the long-term. But when/if the engineering starts, intellects (like athletes) will always be looking over their shoulders at their better engineered youngers gaining on them.

      Who knows, maybe genetic engineering will make athletic ability long term too. You won't get old, just obsolete.

    2. Re:The downside genetic engineering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      GATTACA is coming http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattaca

    3. Re:The downside genetic engineering by Quiet_Desperation · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Can we at least raise up the lower end? You know, maybe get a majority that stops voting for sociopaths?

    4. Re:The downside genetic engineering by RivenAleem · · Score: 4, Funny

      We need to, while we're at it, identify a gene that predisposes people to keep off my lawn.

    5. Re:The downside genetic engineering by crazyjj · · Score: 2

      Does being a bathetic nerd mean I bathe too much or too little?

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      What political party do you join when you don't like Bible-thumpers *or* hippies?
    6. Re:The downside genetic engineering by TheSync · · Score: 2

      My intelligence is about all I have going for me. I know it's selfish, but I shudder to think of living in a world where *everyone* is smart by default.

      Bad news, there are likely tens of millions of Chinese who have a higher IQ than you who are coming on to the world market...

    7. Re:The downside genetic engineering by StikyPad · · Score: 4, Insightful

      You say that as if people are incapable of using intellect instead of just ignoring it and focusing on their feelings. I haven't met very many stupid people, but I've met lots of intellectually lazy people.

    8. Re:The downside genetic engineering by Roachie · · Score: 2

      Bad news, there are likely hundreds of millions of Chinese who have a LOWER IQ than you that are not going to contribute very much to the wold market.

      --
      This sig is not paradoxical or ironic.
    9. Re:The downside genetic engineering by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 2

      Sociopathy and Psychopathy (by one set of definitions the former being learned and the latter being innate) aren't necessarily something that is easy to recognize. Nor is it clear that an observer with somewhat raised intelligence (but still working behind the news-media filter) would have any significantly increased success in recognizing them, let alone avoiding supporting them.

      Further, a well-compensated psychopath may actually perform better in certain positions where their decisions may drastically affect people's lives and livelihoods: Military officers, business managers, government officials, surgeons, ... The emotional detachment allows them to think more clearly about the big picture of life-affecting decisions rather than getting emotionally hung up on avoiding short-term harm. The important thing here is the "well compensated" adjective: The good of others must not be deleted from the evaluation function.

      Unfortunately, psychopathy also drastically improves performance in sales and political campaigning - especially if it's NOT taking into account harm to others. The ability to lie with a straight face is invaluable here. "Sincerity is the key. Once you can fake that, the rest is easy." So political systems select very strongly for Psychopaths.

      --
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  2. 1.29 plus or minus what? by PvtVoid · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Oh, for crying out loud. IQ tests must have a bigger measurement error than plus or minus 2, which means that the 1.29-point alteration is smaller than the measurement error. I.e., no effect.

    1. Re:1.29 plus or minus what? by weakref · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I don't think it's applicable. After all we don't even know what we are measuring... It's a very rough estimation of ability to answer certain kind of questions.

    2. Re:1.29 plus or minus what? by Chrisq · · Score: 2

      I don't think it's applicable. After all we don't even know what we are measuring... It's a very rough estimation of ability to answer certain kind of questions.

      That is a very good point, but what we can say is that if we average a large number of people we will get a very accurate measurement on how the gene correlates with ability to answer those questions. Of course there is not necessarily a causal effect, there could be some other gene that is responsible that happens to occur in similar groups - like blue eyes and blond hair having a correlation but neither being the cause of the other.

    3. Re:1.29 plus or minus what? by PvtVoid · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You are thinking about the accuracy of an individual measurement, when averaging large numbers with and without the gene you can get a much greater level of accuracy.

      Precision is not accuracy. The standard deviation on IQ tests is about three points, but that does not mean that by averaging 1,000,000 IQs you can detect effects as small as 0.03 points -- the test is fundamentally incapable of measuring effects that small in the first place.

      If your measurement is bad in the first place, averaging large numbers of measurements accomplishes nothing except giving you a false sense of accuracy. A huge pile of shit statistics is still shit.

    4. Re:1.29 plus or minus what? by Chrisq · · Score: 2

      You are thinking about the accuracy of an individual measurement, when averaging large numbers with and without the gene you can get a much greater level of accuracy.

      Precision is not accuracy. The standard deviation on IQ tests is about three points, but that does not mean that by averaging 1,000,000 IQs you can detect effects as small as 0.03 points -- the test is fundamentally incapable of measuring effects that small in the first place. If your measurement is bad in the first place, averaging large numbers of measurements accomplishes nothing except giving you a false sense of accuracy. A huge pile of shit statistics is still shit.

      No, see Margin of error

    5. Re:1.29 plus or minus what? by PvtVoid · · Score: 2, Interesting

      No, see Margin of error

      Repeat after me: only for Gaussian distributions, only for Gaussian distributions, only for Gaussian distributions. Any measurement can be assigned a standard deviation, but that doesn't make it Gaussian.

      If the errors are not Gaussian, the situation is completely different. For example, if the variation in individual measurements follows a flat distribution instead of a Gaussian distribution, then averaging large numbers of measurements accomplishes exactly nothing. For any measurement, if your margin of error is small enough, the Gaussian approximation breaks down and your accuracy does not increase even if your nominal precision does. Mistaking precision for accuracy is a ubiquitous statistical fallacy.

    6. Re:1.29 plus or minus what? by Hatta · · Score: 3, Insightful

      IQs are gaussian by definition. The question isn't whether the statistics are valid here. The question is whether they're biologically meaningful.

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    7. Re:1.29 plus or minus what? by PvtVoid · · Score: 2

      IQs are gaussian by definition. The question isn't whether the statistics are valid here. The question is whether they're biologically meaningful.

      The distribution of IQs across a population is Gaussian. The error in any individual IQ measurement is highly unlikely to be Gaussian below a certain level of accuracy. Completely different things.

      But I don't think I disagree with your conclusion: just because somebody quotes a small P-value doesn't mean that the effect is real.

  3. Uhh....really? by netwarerip · · Score: 5, Funny

    'According to some researchers, that essentially proves that intelligence relies on the action of a multitude of genes after all.'"

    Apparently, those researchers don't have that gene.

    1. Re:Uhh....really? by N0Man74 · · Score: 4, Funny

      If only humans had simpler and less powerful brains. Then we might be able to figure out how they work!

      Oh... wait....

    2. Re:Uhh....really? by jd · · Score: 2

      Obvious claim is indeed obvious. Intelligence, however, is not merely not even a single trait, there isn't even a single definition for it (which is why the Turing Test - compare against something you think is intelligent and see if there's a difference - is still valuable).

      In fact, no serious researcher has contended ANYTHING to be controlled by a single gene since sequencing genes became possible - and many were seriously doubting it long before then.

      (Even something as basic as "Chronic Fatigue" - M.E. - has seven distinct genes involved in it.)

      Quite the contrary. Most serious researchers now not only contend that just about everything is controlled by multiple genes, they're also saying that not all those genes are even in human cells. There are over 5,500 different species of organism in humans (known, that is - there may be more), constituting roughly 10x as many actual cells as there are human cells. The interactions between human cells and these symbiotic cells are vast, complex and extremely difficult to map (since the symbiotic cells can vary up to 50% in their genome between human hosts, whereas the human genome varies only about 1.5%), but because there are so many interactions and there is such a rich biochemistry as a result, there is no meaningful distinction between a genetic disease in the microflaura and a genetic disease in the host.

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  4. how can this be by fche · · Score: 2, Funny

    But but but, I've been told by my superiors that intelligence is a social construct devised by the white man to keep down the proletariat, and has no biological basis whatsoever.

    1. Re:how can this be by Chris+Burke · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I think most researchers got the message after the DNA pioneer James Watson had to retire after suggesting a correlation

      Since he had no scientific basis for that "correlation" whatsoever and was instead basing it on his personal interactions with black employees... yeah, the DNA "pioneer" who stole the whole idea from Rosalind Franklin must've forgot that the personal anecdotes of a racist are not exactly Nobel-worthy scientific observations. Is that a bad message for researchers?

      Meanwhile, I'm interested to see how many will jump to using a ~1 point effect on IQ to justify statements like Watson's despite there not being any connection, and being less than what you'll get from a solid day of test preparation tutoring.

      Just realize that if as they say there are many genetic factors that affect intelligence, it is unlikely that there are enough such factors isolated in certain populations to make a significant difference -- as in enough that Watson and others' casual observations were borne out in fact.

      --

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    2. Re:how can this be by Chris+Burke · · Score: 2

      Watson's claim was that intelligence testing shows lower intelligence scores in Africa than Europe. Is this or is this not true?

      No, idiot, the claim was that IQs are lower in Africa than Europe and that this is due to genetics and thus an unalterable biological fact that social policies cannot address.

      The best part is quoting studies of African IQ that list all the social factors in play, almost any one of which has a greater known effect than any known genetic effect which is not a disability. Almost as great was comparing to 1950s african americans -- yeah, what social issues could have possibly affected that?! It must be genetic!

      The worst part is finding out that Watson's apology where he admitted there was no scientific basis for his claim (which was correct) was actually just a bunch of weaselling by saying it's only the statement of "inferiority" that is unsupported. So he stands by the statement of "genetically less intelligent" but don't take that to mean inferior!

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
    3. Re:how can this be by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 2

      (Remember, kids: you're not a bioinformatician unless you spend millions of dollars making perfectly sound inferences based from unverified premises using a score that no one understands.)

      --
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  5. Proof by StripedCow · · Score: 4, Insightful

    According to some researchers, that essentially proves

    According to some other researchers, the verb "prove" has lost its meaning.

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  6. For the lucky few... by MikhailValerie · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I noticed that it gets even better, if you are a child of these lucky few:

    "When people inherit C-variants from both parents they enjoy double the effect: a rise in IQ of about 2.6."

    On another note, I noticed the gene in question HMGA2 was previously linked to a person's height. I wonder if an extension of this study would consider any possible correlation between height and intelligence in regards to variations in this gene.

    - - -

    MV

  7. Wonder if this could lead to new medications... by dryriver · · Score: 2

    Imagine a pill you swallow in the morning with your breakfast, that stimulates a few genes and gives you a 10 - 20 Pt IQ-boost for the rest of the day, so you are extra sharp in your work, in meetings & presentations, in an examination, and so on... Or, if you were born IQ challenged (quite a number of people are in every society), a long-term medical treatment that, over the years, boosts your IQ to average level, or perhaps to even above-average level... A medical cure for being under-powered in the brain department, in other words. That could really change some people's changes in life. Being of below-average intelligence is a handicap that lasts a lifetime and often results in low personal-income, and being sidelined/rejected/excluded by the smart people.

    --
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  8. Re:That's the stupidest thing I have heard in a wh by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2, Informative

    This is one of those studies that we're constantly going to hear about in ads for a couple of decades to come and then somebody tries to replicate it and doesn't get a statistically significant result. I bet this gene lets us use 10.1% of our brains or something, right? 1.29%. You have got to be kidding.

    a) The "only use 10%" meme is a myth.

    b) There's a difference between "big effect" and "statistically significant effect".

    --
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  9. 6 genes just for height by djKing · · Score: 4, Informative

    I've been told, by a bio ethicist, that there at six genes that influence height. So the idea that's there's just one gene for IQ seems odd.

    --
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    1. Re:6 genes just for height by hackula · · Score: 2

      At least 6. And that is completely disregarding the #1 leading factor in height and all other traits: environment. The classic case is seen with genetically identical trees growing on the slope of a mountain. They all have the same genes but the ones at the top have ~half the height as the ones at the bottom due to changes in air density.

  10. Flowers for Algernon by husker_man · · Score: 2
    Interestingly, covered in a short story and novel by Francis Keyes. A mentally handicapped man is operated on, and becomes a genius, but loses the intelligence gained and becomes worse than he was.

    Flowers for Algernon"
    Very interesting but sad story.

  11. Re:They wasted money on that? by sarysa · · Score: 3, Funny

    Total waste of money. They should have been studying cat genes if they're trying to detect intelligence. Cats have it figured out...

    --
    Charisma is the measure of someone's ability to lie with a straight face.
  12. Screw intelligence gene by poity · · Score: 4, Insightful

    IQ is overrated. We'd all be better off with a anti-procrastination or anti-irrational-fear gene

    --
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  13. So basically by arcite · · Score: 3, Insightful

    You're hinging your life-success not on how smart you are, but how stupid people are around you. That isn't a good way to go through life. Success comes from enlightening everyone, including yourself and most especially others. Knowledge begets more knowledge. A truly intelligent person would realize that.

  14. Intelligence is overrated by MetricT · · Score: 3, Insightful

    According to three separate tests I have an IQ of 160, and I've spent most of my career working in academia. And believe me, intelligence is overrated. "Average" people are often a great deal smarter than they're given credit for.

    And us "smart" guys can be dumber than a bag of hammers more often than we'd like to admit. The smarter you are, the more likely you are to be a victim of Dunning-Krueger syndrome. In academia, "I have a Ph.D." often translates into "I know everything about everything", usually with comic or tragic outcomes.

    What I have seen, both in my personal and professional lives, that would make far more impact for society is finding the genes for discipline, for rationality, for work ethic, for compassion to others. Solve those, and you'll improve our society far more than trying to create a planet of Einstein's.

  15. Re:Too much intelligence is a bad thing by Guy+Harris · · Score: 2

    Well, perhaps other techniques can be used to make sure we have enough people to do the tasks we insist other people do.

    In case somebody misinterprets my perhaps-overly-snarky response, I'm not advocating deliberately inducing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome to ensure there are enough people who are OK with doing menial tasks, I'm questioning whether, if deliberately inducing FAS would be morally wrong (which I think it would be, just as I presume Huxley did), deliberately refusing to enhance people's intelligence because that wouldn't leave people to empty the trash cans would be morally OK.