Bloomberg, WSJ: Student Aid Increases Tuition

retroworks writes "Bloomberg News makes the case that when the federal government offers tuition assistance, students apply to more expensive colleges, giving the institutions an incentive to raise tuition and a disincentive to lower it. (The Wall Street Journal has a similar article, but it's paywalled.) This reminds me of the debate over President Reagan's cuts to the Pell Grant program in the 1980s. MIT's Campus Paper 'The Tech' quoted the MIT administration as saying it had 'no idea what really will occur' when Reagan's proposal to cut Pell came to Washington. So the question is, 25 years later, do we know now? Did cuts to federal tuition assistance hurt the education of the lower income students? Did increases to Pell grants create more opportunity? Or is federal money the milkshake, and students are just the straw?"

Comments

well, duh

[therealkevinkretz]

If more money is made available to to students for education, then:

1) more people will become students (intended)

2) educational institutions will raise their prices so as to absorb all the available funds (unintended)

Re:well, duh

[Anonymous Coward]

If I am a school and I have learned that students can borrow $60,000 a year from the government, then I am sure as hell I will raise my prices to get htat "free money".

Re:well, duh

[Anonymous Coward]

A) Minimum wage in the US is NOT hovering around $10, it's $7.25. The difference between $10 and $7.25 with regards to pay is huge, not a rounding error.

B) You cannot live on minimum wage in the US anymore.

Re:well, duh

[vlm]

If I am a school and I have learned that students can borrow $60,000 a year from the government, then I am sure as hell I will raise my prices to get htat "free money".

No, not at all. If you had a full campus while charging $5K/yr, you'll raise your tuition to $65K a year, because you'll collect the "free" $60K plus your campus full of students obviously can afford $5K/yr.

Not one extra person will attend (duh, the out of pocket cost remains $5K) and not one extra person will not attend (free money for all !!!)

Re:well, duh

[demonlapin]

Just because schools operate as not-for-profit enterprises does not mean that people don't make money off them. Administrators like bigger budgets and paychecks.

Re:well, duh

[stewbee]

I would not calling living on minimum wage in the US as surviving, at least in major cities. Take for example Chicago, since I am most familiar with it. For simplicity, lets assume you work 4*40 hrs/ month. this equates to 160 / month. Minimum wage in Illinois is $8.25/hr (which is more than the national minimum btw). this is a net of $1320/month. Looks good, but Illinois now take 5% leaving $1254. The feds will take 15%, leaving $1056. I don't know the exact rates for Medicare and SS, but lets assume that it will put you under $1k.

So you pretty much need a place to live. The rent for a studio apartment, assuming you don't get a roommate, is going to run about $600 - $700 /month leaves you with about $300-$400/ month. Transportation is going to be about another $100/month for a monthly CTA pass. Taking you down to $200-$300 month. Oh, you want to eat too? ~$200/month (granted, you probably qualify for food stamps, but you still need to pay some money out of pocket). An viola, you are out of money. I didn't even mention utilities or other living expenses.

tl;dr version:
Living on minimum wage is hardly a living wage. It is hardly enough to cover the bare necessities in the US. Most likely you will need to get a second job to make ends meet.

Re:well, duh

[Great Gravy]

3) States will disproportionally cut university budgets to solve statewide budget shortfalls, effectively shifting the burden of state indigence to university students (intended?). If a state can't afford pensions for state park employees, the temptation is to plunder university budgets because students will make up the difference with their own debt. So indirectly, students are now paying for pensions of state employees, and the state stays in the black (or less in the red).

Re:well, duh

[moeinvt]

This is a great discussion.

Try visiting Yahoo! news or Politico or Huffington Post and explaining how guaranteed loans make college more expensive and you get flamed and accused of being a rich 1%er that only wants wealthy kids to go to college.

Visit /. and there's no need to explain the obvious.

"well, duh"

Succinct AND accurate

Bravo.

Re:well, duh

[Rostin]

Most universities could stand to trim some fat. Administrative costs in higher education have mushroomed in the past few decades. For example, at the very large public university where I'm a grad student, we have an office of "diversity and community engagement." The person in charge is one of the vice presidents of the whole university. Several assistant VPs, associate VPs, executive directors, etc are also employed by the university to lead different portions of this office. Each of these people has a staff, of course. According to the organizational chart, which I'm looking at right now, they come to a total of 44 people. All to address diversity concerns, or something. I'm actually not sure what they do. It seems somewhat doubtful that the expense of employing 44 people (which must run into the millions or maybe even the tens of millions of dollars per year) is actually accomplishing much of real value.

Re:well, duh

[ohnocitizen]

Let's look at what you said practically. "Your" tax dollars huh? Given the percentage that goes over to military spending, police, fire, libraries, infrastructure and public works, public schools, health initiatives, financial/economic initiatives, etc, only a tiny tiny amount is left for college. Of that, most aid comes in the form of student loans. So suggesting your personal tax dollars go to pay for leeches is quite misleading, since it is more like your personal tax cents.

Further, what major won't make you more productive? I studied philosophy, and now have a job as a web developer. Looking at people I've worked with, I see art history, psych, even sociology majors. A given major isn't bullshit (though some can be more than a bit funny sounding) - it comes down to how effective a given student is at taking advantage of what they chose to learn.

Re:well, duh

[ThatsLoseNotLoose]

Mabye not, but a Pell grant isn't a loan. I wouldn't borrow $60k for education, but there's no way I'd turn down a grant.

Re:well, duh

[danaris]

You are not intended to live on minimum wage. Anybody who shows up on time and sober will be making above minimum in three months.

Conversely anybody who can't produce at least minimum wage worth of value per hour will never ever be able to get (or keep) a job.

Good God that's poorly informed.

I mean, I don't currently have direct evidence that you're wrong in the literal sense. However, I do know that there are plenty of places where youmay not make minimum wage, but you still don't make anywhere close to enough to live on, and no matter how long you work there (doing a good job, showing up on time, etc), you have no guarantee of making more.

I have personal knowledge of a job making $8/hr at a chocolate store, where the owner is on the lookout for more adults to hire, part time, for that much money, on a long-term basis. And has no intention of raising the pay, making a full-time position, or anything of the sort.

Minimum wage in this country is a joke, and while raising it to be a living wage would, indeed, cause some short-term loss of jobs, over the longer term, as the poorest working people were measurably better off and able to spend more money, it would contribute greatly to the country's economy.

Dan Aris

Re:well, duh

[CubicleZombie]

I also busted my ass and lived in squalor to graduate almost debt free. Honestly, I wish I'd signed on the dotted line and lived on loans to graduate three years earlier than I did. At this point of my life, it would have been worth it. Instead I missed the best years of the dot-com era, got reamed in the housing bust, and now I'm starting a family in my late 30's.

In hindsight, it wasn't really a head start.

Re:well, duh

[Billly Gates]

It you did that today that loan would be $60,000 and not $2,000.

No, that part time job at the book store will not cover your tuition either. You would be fucked if you tried to do it over and this is why the younger people are angry as the older generation does not see the inflation with the economy after graduation picture. The world has changed

Re:well, duh

[vlm]

you know, if you had spent 25 bucks a week more on food (probably more than you would need to) you would have accrued 5K or so more debt over 4 years. While that seems like a lot, the benefits, both physically and mentally, of not being malnourished while you were in school

Most important life skill at high school graduation is knowing how to cook. Not how to read directions on a frozen pizza wrapper, but really cook. Aside from the obvious health benefits its incredibly freaking cheap and tasty food simply puts you in a better mood, not to mention how the ladies enjoyed my home cooked meals. Try to survive on hot pockets and McD value meals and Raman and you won't live well or long.

Re:well, duh

[Darth Snowshoe]

The problem is that not everything should be, in a reasonably just society, subject to the unmitigated forces of the market. Senator Ryan imagines families taking their medicare vouchers and shopping very carefully for the most cost-efficient medical care. It doesn't happen that way. If your grandmother arrives at the emergency room, having received CPR on the ambulance ride, you don't want to have to shop around. You want care right then - in the room that she's currently occupying.

Similarly, your daughter wants to be a geologist. But the best geology program is (I'm making this up) North Dakota State. You don't have the option of moving your family to North Dakota to score in-state tuition. You can't tell her that her best option financially is to study to become a nurse instead. Education is not a commodity that you buy by the pound or by the linear foot.

Most people understand that a higher education is their best option for improving their lot in life. It's dawned on universities that they sell something of high, but uncertain, value. They realize they can raise their prices to compensate (and some, simply to take advantage). Do you want the higher education your kids are getting to be a shell game, where some of them are guaranteed to get the value out of it that they put into it, and some of them do not?

The truth of the matter is that, over the course of the last few decades, federal and state subsidies to private and public universities, and also to academic research generally, have shrunk and shrunk. Private loans to individual students are a poor compensation for that. Even people who never have kids of their own derive some value from living in a society where higher education is valued and pursued.

One of the reasons that the best and the brightest from around the world come to America is that they perceive the value of a university education here to be high compared to elsewhere. If that becomes no longer true, there will be less motivation for talented people to come here and participate in our economy.

Re:well, duh

[niado]

I'll help!

I live in Huntsville, Alabama which is a smallish city (~180k pop) surrounded by a couple of semi-affluent suburbs. Surrounding the suburbs are a very poor rural area dotted with small towns. The area (as well as most of the state, and most of the region) has an extremely low cost of living. Minimum wage is at the Federal minimum of 7.25.

I have two brothers and a sister who all live here and make at or near minimum wage at various jobs. They have occasional raises that seem to add up to around $1.00 per hour each year or so.

Working full-time at minimum wage you end up with a take-home of less than $1000 per month. The cheapest 1bdrm apt you can really hope for is around $350/mo. (You can potentially save some money here by playing the roommate lottery.) Utilities will bottom out at around $50/mo on average if you are careful. The area is very spread out and not pedestrian friendly, and we have very poor public transportation here. Gas is around $3.10/gallon right now (it recently dropped from around $3.70 or so, where it had been holding for a couple of months) so depending on the commute you'll be spending somewhere in the ballpark of $100/mo or so on gas.

So, after gas and housing you're looking at $500 to live off of each month. This is just barely manageable from my experience. Frugality is a must in this situation, and medical bills are basically un-payable. Since most retail and other min-wage jobs are only part-time, lots of people end up working multiple jobs to make ends meet. Luckily this area was not hit as hard by the recent economic unpleasantness, so there are still lots of low-end jobs to go around. Anyone who has student loans, car payments, or any other significant bills is pretty much on rice-and-beans-with-the-lights-out at this income level.

Re:well, duh

[Solandri]

Minimum wage in this country is a joke, and while raising it to be a living wage would, indeed, cause some short-term loss of jobs, over the longer term, as the poorest working people were measurably better off and able to spend more money, it would contribute greatly to the country's economy.

This is so misguided. You're putting morality ahead of reality.

Making the minimum wage a living wage is equivalent to saying anything you can be paid for doing, you should be able to do for a living. Now think about that. I pay kids to shovel the sidewalk for me in winter. Should an adult be able to make a living doing nothing but that all his life? The economy is full of different kinds of jobs, ranging from difficult ones which pay a lot, to easy ones which pay a little but are good working experience. If you raise the minimum wage to where it's a living wage, you're not making life easier for those in those low-end jobs, you're eliminating those jobs from existence.

The whole point of paying people for a job is that the value you get from them doing the job (the productivity they generate) exceeds what you're paying them. I pay the kid with the shovel $8/hr because I can use that hour I save to earn more than $8 (or I value the free hour I get to spend with my family more than $8). You pay the burger flipper $8/hr because by selling the burgers you can net more than $8/hr in earnings. If you can't net more than you're paying them for their labor, there is no point having them do the job. You'd lose money doing it. In other words, it would detract from the country's economy, not contribute to it.

e.g. If you raise the minimum wage to give the janitor a better living, he doesn't get a better living. The company which hired him to clean the offices once every week? It's no longer cost-effective to have him clean every week. The clean office was worth (say) $80/wk, and they were paying him $64/day to clean once a week. Now you raise his wage to $100/day. What's going to happen? It's no longer worth it to clean once a week. So they reschedule him to clean every other week. He's making more money per hour, but he (and all other janitors) are working fewer hours. They'd be the same or worse off than before, and everyone's offices are dirtier. All because you've artificially priced labor above what it's really worth.

Don't get me wrong; I completely support a minimum wage to prohibit exploitative labor wages. But people have got to shake ridiculous the notion that somehow every job is something that an adult should be able to make a living doing, and thus the minimum wage should be a living wage.

Re:well, duh

[istartedi]

Loans are arms and the lenders are arms dealers. The people who graduated ahead of you bought the bullets and effectively shot you out of the economy. They effectively pit us against eachother when competing for any big ticket item: house, car, education, etc.

Just as in war, a combatant sometimes wins; but arms dealers always win.

Re:well, duh

[Genda]

Its not just inflation. At every turn (looking at the California State college system because its one of the largest, best, and most endangered) the Colleges of California are in operational freefall from the Top UCs to the community colleges. With the slow motion disaster that is our state government and state sources of school funding drying faster than a spit puddle in Death Valley at high noon, the cost of tuitions have literally SKYROCKETED, Administrators, insensitive to the disaster have voted themselves huge pay raises while cutting courses and eliminating teaching jobs like there's no future. With every turn the State's education system tries to run schools on less resource, and squeezes the students ever harder, applying tuition hikes on top of tuition hikes. A growing percentage of students are being priced out of their education in mid school attendance. A quality higher education in California will soon be well beyond the reach of any normal middle class family, and require a level of saving and scrimping starting at a child's birth that most families are neither equipt nor interested in making.

We need a system that maintains high standards and demands that students are serious about pursuing that degree, but once the student has demonstrated the desire and the capacity, we need to provide all the resources we can to ensure that student receives the education they desire. Every measure of economic health tells us that well educated professionals are a boon to the economy, leaders in their various communities, and return the investment in their success dozens of times over. With the accelerating technological challenges facing our society, we can't afford not to have a well educated, disciplined and intellectually proficient society of clear and cogent thinkers. The alternative is to hope we can HB-1 our way through the future, and I hate to be the one to tell you, but a growing number of those children are going back home with their knowledge, business experience and professional acumen. We've virtually bankrupted our economy, let's not do the same with our children's future.

What about state budget cuts?

[jpstanle]

Increased availability of aid and loans may very well create some tuition inflation, but I seriously doubt it is the major driving factor at public universities. It took me a while to graduate since I got called up to active duty for a while, but the tuition at the in-state public land grant university I attended nearly doubled between when I entered as a freshman and when I graduated. In 2003, tuition and fees was about 2200 USD/semester, but had ballooned to just over 4000 USD/Semester in Spring 2011. As far as I am aware, there hasn't been massive increases in the availability of aid or loans in that span (in fact, I'd argue generous private loans have become LESS available since 2008). What HAS happened is massive state budget short-falls due to economic downturns and short-sighted tax cuts. When the state is short on cash, higher education funding seems to always take the brunt of the damage in budget cuts, so public universities make up the difference by hiking tuition and/or recruiting out-of-state students.

Re:What about state budget cuts?

[oh_my_080980980]

Given the fact that federal funding for college has steadily declined the last 30 years, state funding even more, and college tuition has continued to rise by leaps and bounds, would clearly demonstrate that no federal funding does not increase tuition.

And TFA is just poorly written.

[khasim]

From TFA:

First, universities, unlike the taxpayers, suffer no financial consequences when the underqualified students they have lured into their academic programs ultimately default on their loans.

"lured"? Kind of showing their bias, aren't they?

Second, students who study six years but ultimately drop out receive more financial aid than the diligent "A" student graduating in three years: We reward mediocrity and punish excellence.

How is getting something done in half the time a punishment?

Again, there's quite a bit of bias showing in that article.

Third, there is no adjustment of student-loan interest-rate terms to meet market conditions or differing risk factors relating to individual repayment prospects.

So they're pushing for different interest rates depending upon your major?

Fuck that! How about some GRANTS for people in the hard sciences?

Fourth, the Free Application for Federal Student Aid form, associated with these programs, aside from being unbearably complex, gives colleges private information about family finances that allows them to gouge students more.

Stick to a single point in each point, okay? Either they're "unbearably complex" or they give too much information about family finances.

Fifth, colleges' tuition and fee policies drive the amount of loan volume, rather than the other way around, thus contributing to the college-cost explosion and the subsequent academic arms race.

What "academic arms race"?

TFA needs an editor who is not looking to grind the same ax as the author.

Re:Schools Raise Tution Regardless

[tmosley]

Not because A student has A Pell Grant, but because ALL of their students have access to ANY AMOUNT of money via government guaranteed loans.

You might as well tell us that housing prices didn't go up due to lax lending standards. Same damn thing, only now the debtors can't get out by any reasonable means.

Of course it's the market!

[twoallbeefpatties]

Why is it the market? Because we say it's the market! Don't bother investigating or ask colleges why they raised tuitions! Just assume it's the market! MARKET! The link in the OP is, predictably, an opinion piece and not any sort of survey or discussion with actual educators.

This link leads to a study by a nonprofit group that had some different answers:

The main reason tuition has been rising faster than college costs is that colleges had to make up for reductions in the per-student subsidy state taxpayers sent colleges. In 2006, the last year for which Wellman had data, state taxpayers sent $7,078 per student to the big public research universities. That's $1,270 less (after accounting for inflation) than they sent in 2002.

Public universities have been reining in overall spending per student in recent years. Flagship public universities' spending per student has risen from about $12,400 in 1995 to $13,800 in 2006 after accounting for inflation. But since 2002, spending at public colleges has generally not exceeded inflation.

Increases in spending were driven mostly by higher administration, maintenance, and student services costs. Public universities spent almost $4,000 per student per year on administration, support, and maintenance in 2006, up more than 13 percent, in real terms over 1995. And they spent another $1,200 a year on services such as counseling, which was up 23 percent. Meanwhile, they spent about $8,700 a year on classroom instruction for each student, up about 9 percent.

Big private universities, powered by tuition and endowment increases, have increased spending dramatically while public schools have languished. Total educational spending per student at private research universities has jumped by almost 10 percent since 2002 to more than $33,000. During that same period, public university total spending was comparatively flat and totaled less than $14,000 a year.

Re:Applies to many situations

[Hatta]

Back when I lived in Minnesota there was a big todo over welfare moms having more children simply to get an increase in welfare aid.

Which is almost certainly a complete fabrication on the part of conservatives. State aid is never enough to pay for all the costs a child incurs. Did they have any actual data on how often they claim this occurs? Or did they just make something up (in the grand tradition of Ronald Reagan), and harp on it until people thought it was a real problem?

Re:LoL

[Nimey]

Explain to me why we should compare ourselves to third-world shitholes instead of other first-world secular democracies.

Other than the fact that conservatives would rather us be a shithole because their taxes would be lower.