How Apple and Amazon Security Flaws Led To Mat Honan's Identity Theft
An anonymous reader writes "The story behind the hacking of Mat Honan's multiple accounts has been revealed and points to massive failures in how Amazon and Apple handle password recovery. Accounts for both sites can be easily accessed with simple to find publicly available information. If you ask me, both companies should be liable for violating privacy laws."
"In short, the very four digits that Amazon considers unimportant enough to display in the clear on the web are precisely the same ones that Apple considers secure enough to perform identity verification."
All industry standard I know of is to hide the 12 foremost digits with * and show the last 4 or 5 (yes better would be to hide all, but client might need to recognize the CC number for some reason). Who in their right mind would consider that secure ? Apple apparently.
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I would argue that the biggest benefit of using free services (like GMail) is they offer no or crap phone support! Thus making it very difficult for a hacker to social engineer their way into your account.
Every e-commerce company in the world that allows you to store your card info will display the last four digits of your card number, because what other option is there? What other unique determinant could you possibly display in order to allow people to select one card from a set? There's nothing at all insecure about that on its own, and it's silly to pretend as though everyone else becomes liable for Apple's crappy security policy. This is way more about a.) How one guy had a bad personal password policy, b.) poor security training for Apple support staff and poor security policies at Apple, and c.) How stupid it is to make any of your data deletable remotely. "There's this option to wipe all my data on Apple's site, and then these evil hax0rs totally did it, and I didn't have backups" does not translate into "Amazon has bad security policy".
If your device is lost or stolen.
From Wikipedia article (Data Protection Directive - Comparison with US data protection law):
"The United States prefers what it calls a 'sectoral' approach to data protection legislation, which relies on a combination of legislation, regulation, and self-regulation, rather than governmental regulation alone.[10] Former U.S. President Bill Clinton and former Vice-President Al Gore explicitly recommended in their "Framework for Global Electronic Commerce" that the private sector should lead, and companies should implement self-regulation in reaction to issues brought on by Internet technology." (emphasis added)
I never could really understand how this companies-should-self-regulate could work, and up to this day it didn't really prove to work. If companies are let to roam freely, then there's really nothing (good or bad) you can really expect from them, and even if one seems OK, they can change their policies from one second to the next and you're screwed.
Nobody in their right minds would trust all of their data exclusively and only to a company (yes, you know, that "cloud" you like so much is operated by one or more companies with data protection and privacy policies changing by the weather). If you do so, something like the original article mentions can happen anytime.
I'm not saying you shouldn't use the "cloud" (how I hate that word, oh my), but you should never trust and rely on it completely without any (or weak and borderline useless) fallback. Remember, it's your data, it's your life, protect it as you would protect anything that you own and hold precious.
Thing is, since computing and PCs have become everyone's tools and don't require in-depth tech knowledge, it's pretty easy to get average users to use and rely on such services. It's simple, they don't really know what they are getting into. And it's for this reason that it's sad to see a more knowledgable person (i.e. article writer) fail so terribly.
Always remember, just because so many people are hooked to it and it's easy to use, that doesn't mean it's safe and reliable. It's not.
I am putting myself to the fullest possible use, which is all I can think that any conscious entity can ever hope to do.
Not backing up data, able to get Amazon account data with 2 phone calls, able to get an Apple/Google/whatever password reset with just a little bit of work. They could have also stolen his CC statement from his mailbox, as well as a Utility bill and got part of the way to getting a new credit pin or drivers license and after a bit of time a new passport. This sort of hacking is not new, just different. Once the security questions used to be the standard 3, your mums maiden name, your city of birth, and your first pet/car/whatever, now the answers are often on-line or traceable via Facebook. The blame should be shared amongst everyone, including the person who did the hacking. Excuse me, I have to backup my computers.
There was an unknown error in the submission.
Yes, the same Mat who did not back anything up locally or (shutter to think) redundantly, is an expert. If this sorry excuse is what passes an expert, I think my grandma has a good chance at a new career.
What an idiot.
This is a very good article, every /. nerd worth his honors should read it. It's pushed my paranoia levels almost up to normal again. That alone was worth the time. I've been dragging out that backup HDD for my MB Air far to long and will now change that.
I'm also going to solidly review my online presence and accounts, and how they could be linked. And fix any problems that pop up.
Bottom line: Read the article, it's a healthy wake-up call and if you're like me, you need that once in a while.
My 2 cents.
We suffer more in our imagination than in reality. - Seneca
Amazon allowed a bogus card to be added to the account because all they did was check the check-digit, rather than doing that as step one, and then doing an authorization hold/authorization release after requiring the security code from the back of the card as step 2. This would have correlated the billing address and card number in the credit card company database, which would have failed, flagging it as a bogus card.
After this, a second call to Amazon using the bogus card information plus the (already known) billing information got them a password reset, again without them issuing an authorization hold/authorization release. And THAT is where they got the last 4 digits of the (actual) non-bogus credit card number to give to Apple. Admittedly, it's possible that this would cost a web site (other than Amazon, who owns their own payment provider) a transaction fee to do, but they could always require a transaction fee billed to the card being used as identification as part of the recovery process. For example, it looks like Norton Antivirus allows the same thing (just do a quick search for the phrase "the credit card number ending in", you'll see a bunch of people wondering about charges to cards they never registered with various services).
Apple using the last 4 digits as an identity verification was screwed up, but it wasn't information the bad guys had without Amazon's help, in this case.
At first I was aghast at how they could implicate Amazon for revealing the last 4 digits of your card, when they appear in every transaction receipt printed etc.
However, after reading TFA it is obvious that Amazon has a serious security flaw as well that they need to address as well. It seems that you can call Amazon support knowing only the name, email and billing address of a person and you can add a bogus credit card number to their file. Then you call back and tell them you can't access your account and they will let you add a new email address to reset your password and you use the credit card number you had just added as verification of your identity!
True, Amazon showing the last 4 digits of your CCs on your account is not a problem, but giving access to your account to a person armed only with knowledge of your name, address and email is a serious flaw.
The summary and even the article don't make it that clear what the problem is with Amazon, you have to read through TFA.
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Naw, I didn't miss that part, I just don't think it makes an argument for this being a failure of Amazon security policy. Given that you need to know someone's account email address (how hard is it to do foo+amazon@dingleberry.com, or some other not-easily-guessed email address?), billing address, etc, to even get an Amazon rep to talk to you, the protections on that front seem sufficient (maybe not best, but sufficient) to me. Running an auth/void doesn't really work either. Sure, Amazon has their own payment gateway, but that doesn't make it free, it just makes it cheaper for them. Given the volume of cards that they accept into their system every day, running two transactions on each would pretty quickly jack up costs considerably. For subscription services like Norton, that might make sense, because the overall transaction volume is fairly low, but for Amazon, that bill would get pretty big.
Now, compare Amazon's relatively reasonable, if not super awesome, procedures to Apple's, where all you need is the last four in order to get access to all data and devices, and tell me this is still an Amazon problem.
From what I see here, the main problem was apple's security protocol, with amazon coming in a close second... All other things he could really have protected himself against... Using two factor authentication on google and so on. But you can't protect yourself from a company finding easily obtainable information good enough to just hand over control of your account with...
As far as I'm concerned Apple should be liable for damages in this case. They have acted as a gatekeeper, portrayed a sense of security, and then been blatantly lax in security.
What does the law say about a case where I hand over say my credit card information to a merchant and they act carelessly with it, thus allowing it to be intercepted by a criminal? Say I go to a restaurant and they take my card and then let it lay around on the counter for half an hour for anyone to see, scan, steal?
If your device is lost or stolen, data should not be permanently deleted, just locked away until the owner personally comes round to identify herself with a passport or other legal ID of some sort. You can more to permanent delete after some time has passed without a "restore" request.
From an enterprise security point of view, once the device is out of your hands you want the data off it, full stop. If it isn't there then there is no chance that someone can read it. If everything on the device were properly encrypted, then you could just delete any keys and the restore would simply mean putting the keys back on.
I don't see why this should be any problem at all; Apple, Google and all their competitors claim to keep backups, which is effectively the same but with a user-"controlled" restore procedure.
That is the solution, not "not deleting". The off-device backups are your restore point either if you get a new device or that one is returned to you. As long, of course, as the backup account is not compromised at the same time as the device. No matter how securely you store you keys/tokens most phones are unlocked by a four digit pin so you've got not more than two days before someone brute forces that and gets in if they are determined and start when they first get hold of the device (so make sure if you lose the device that all the authentication credentials for the backups are changed ASAP).
Of course most stolen phones just get factory wiped before being fenced anyway, as most thefts of such devices are opportunistic rather than planned, so this is only a concern if someone might specifically target you (such as if others in your company's industry might want to have a peak at some significant trade secret) or if you have something really objectionable on the device (at which point if the thief notices it that can blackmail you)- most people like you or I are unlikely to be targeted in that way.
I would argue Apple's security questions is no worse than most security questions from other vendors. Most info that is asked by companies to protect your data can be mined off the web via various methods.Unless you've lived in a hole and have no credit history,etc there is a trail and a clever person can find the answers.
That's why I make up my answers per account, there's no way to find the answers unless you have access to my physical system with encrypted docs.
But let's be real, normal people won't go this far or be this paranoid!!
Just like what asdf7890 said, some people want the security option of wiping the data. I suppose that an option could be to remotely encrypt a drive. Btw, there is the option in apple's icloud to remotely lock a device with a passcode of your choice. Wiping it is just another option.
Amazon had the exact same flaw as Apple. Allowing a password reset with last 4 digits and a billing address. The bigger flaw at Amazon was allowing the addition of a credit card with the same identification.
He may be able to add extra shipping addresses, but he won't be able to use any of the cards on the account to ship to them. Amazon requires the CCV code on all purchases made with existing cards on the account when shipping to a new address.
I won't take my security advice from him, but there's no need to discredit his entire body of work because of this. Surely he deals in other topics.
Why didn't he keep backups?
Because he is an Apple fan-boy and turned off any and all technology knowledge of his decision process because of the emotional assurance he got from the Apple brand?
So by your logic, all Windows and Linux users keep backups then? That will really help me next time my parents' computer messes up, now that I know that they definitely keep backups because they don't have a Mac.
He says, when talking about the hackers, that "...their ultimate goal was always to take over [his] Twitter account". Why, then, did they delete his Google Account, and then remotely erase his iPhone, iPad, and MacBook? I might get that they want to erase evidence that could be used to track them down, and to that extent, wiping the Google account, which they had apparently gotten access to, makes a modicum of sense. But unless they were using his iPhone, iPad, and MacBook as well, I'm not sure how erasing all of them was in any way helpful to them in any regard whatsoever. No... the bastards that did this to him definitely had some malicious intent involved.
I'm not saying that he wasn't hacked... nor am I saying that he wasn't hacked in this way, I'm suggesting that the allegation that the hackers were only after his twitter account seems extremely dubious... at least to me.
File under 'M' for 'Manic ranting'
Not really, I live in America, I haven't written a check in 7 years.
All my bills are paid through a service known as Billpay. All the banks and credits unions have something similar.
Time to stop making fun of us backward Americans and do some real research before writing your rants about us.
And this applies to most of my co-workers also. The only Americans that rely on checks anymore are over the age of 70 and that is what they grew up with so it is kind of hard to change.
Even better, Sallie Mae calls me about my daughter's loan, and before the call is connected I have to give Sallie Mae my last four of my SSN to authenticate who I am, no way to authenticate that it's Sallie Mae calling me but I have to authenticate that Sallie called the right number. Even better no way to talk to a real person if I don't authenticate.
Remember I said Sallie Mae initiated the call. I could call any number of random numbers claim to be Sallie Mae and get individuals last four, ridiculous.