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Apple iPad 2 As Fast As the Cray-2 Supercomputer

An anonymous reader writes "Presenting at the IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing conference, a researcher from the University of Tennessee presented evidence that the iPad 2 is as fast as the original Cray-2 supercomputer. Performance improvements were made to the iPad 2 LINPACK software by writing Python for generating and testing various Assembly routines. The researcher also found that the ARM Cortex-A9 easily beats the NVIDIA/AMD GPUs and latest Intel/AMD workstation CPUs in performance-per-Watt efficiency."

52 of 231 comments (clear)

  1. My wristwatch by aglider · · Score: 3, Informative

    Is more powerful than the Atanasoff machine!

    --
    Sent as ripples into the electromagnetic field. No single photon has been harmed in the process.
    1. Re:My wristwatch by wiedzmin · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Other things that are as fast as Cray 2 supercomputer - about a million ancient PCs... but putting Apple in the title suddenly makes this news.

      --
      Bow before me, for I am root.
    2. Re:My wristwatch by raygundan · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Your R is not C. Carmack put the iPad 2 at roughly half the performance of the 360, which puts the "Retina iPad" right in the ballpark of the 360, although with twice the working RAM.

    3. Re:My wristwatch by Tuidjy · · Score: 4, Informative

      Yeah, and my bicycle smokes any Ferrari... in miles per calorie efficiency.

      The iPad2 is the second coming of Christ, we got it already.

      --
      No good deed goes unpunished...
    4. Re:My wristwatch by atlasdropperofworlds · · Score: 5, Informative

      According to wikipedia, the GPU in the XBox 360 puts out 240 GFLOPS. The CPU is harder to nail down, but it seems to have a peak around 115 GFLOPS.

      The iPad 3 has a CPU that, from what I hear, has a peak capacity of 1.5 GFLOPS. The SGX 543MP2 in the new iPad 3 has 4 cores and does 6.4 GFLOPS per core, per 200 MHz. If we assume the 4 cores are clocks at 600 Mhz, that would mean the GPU output would be, in theory, 77.6 GFLOPS.

      In short, whatever Carmack was thinking or testing, he sure wasn't hitting the peak performance of the Xbox - the console is still leagues ahead of the mobile CPUs and GPUs, and it's 7 years old.

    5. Re:My wristwatch by hazydave · · Score: 2

      The Samsung Galaxy SIII is faster than four Cray Y-MPs (or a couple of billion HP45 calculators)... at least if you're not too particularly about how your GFLOPS are served up. It's also got memory, unless you upgraded to the Y-MP M90. And uses quite a bit less power. That's 24 years for ya!

      Nothing particularly useful or interesting about such observations, I suppose, unless you put the name "Apple" in the title. Or maybe just an Apple fan's way of dealing with the iPad 2 not being a terribly fast device, as mobile devices go. But watch out, all you 80s supercomputers.

      My kids Nintendos have also been really abusive to our Cray 1, chasing it around the house, picking on it, calling it "pokey" and "turtle-boy", and just being bratty. Even the Nintendo 64, who's old enough to know better.

      --
      -Dave Haynie
    6. Re:My wristwatch by hazydave · · Score: 2

      Not in a practical way, though. The iPad Don't-Call-Me-3 has twice the GPU performance (SGX 543MP4 vs. SGX 543MP2), but four times the pixels to paint.

      --
      -Dave Haynie
  2. Obviously. by Kaenneth · · Score: 5, Funny

    9.80665 m/s^2

    1. Re:Obviously. by Bigby · · Score: 5, Funny

      I think the Cray will have a higher terminal velocity than the iPad

    2. Re:Obviously. by frosty_tsm · · Score: 2

      I think the Cray will have a higher terminal velocity than the iPad

      Now that's a race I want to see.

    3. Re:Obviously. by raygundan · · Score: 2

      Nah, I bet the Cray wins. The iPad is probably both denser *and* more aerodynamic.

      "Cray Outperforms iPad in Crucial Terminal Speed Tests"

    4. Re:Obviously. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      [nerd mode]
      You don't know what the fuck you're talking about.

      Terminal velocity is the point at which an object moving through a fluid (typically, air, though other fluids are also applicable) is experiencing no net acceleration - that is, the force propelling it is equal (and opposite) to the force of drag acting on the object as it moves through the fluid.

      It's not directly a function of the mass of the object, but the mass of the object certainly has an effect, because the force exerted by gravity is larger on larger masses - f=ma, remember. This means to that two identically-shaped objects dropped from the same height through the same fluid, but constructed of different materials so they had different masses, would have different terminal velocity - Imagine I drop a 1 cubic meter block of cork, and a 1 cubic meter block of cement. The cork would have a much lower terminal velocity, because it has less mass, even though it's volume would be the same as the cubic meter block of cement.

      If it "had more kinetic energy," that means it has "more force" (f = ma, remember?), which means, all other things being equal, the higher-mass object would have a higher terminal velocity, higher kinetic energy, thus more force transmitted to the surface it strikes on impact.

      Seriously, if you're going to hang around on Slashdot, please at least try to understand basic mechanics, will you?
      [/nerd mode]

    5. Re:Obviously. by jeremyp · · Score: 2

      The surface area of an elephant is much higher than the surface area of a feather and yet it has a higher terminal velocity.

      Absolute surface area is not important, it is the surface area to mass ratio and aerodynamics. I'm willing to bet that the surface area to mass ratio of the Cray 2 is much lower than that of the iPad because surface area increases with the square of length but mass increases with the cube of length. Also, surface area to mass ratio depends on the shape of the object. A flat tablet shape is bad for minimising the ratio.

      If the iPad does manage to remain edge on, it might have a chance but I would not be sure.

      By the way: are we defining the Cray 2 as just the electronics, or are we throwing the cooling plant out of the plane too?

      --
      All I want is a secure system where it's easy to do anything I want. Is that too much to ask ~~ Randall Munroe
  3. My desktop computer is way more powerful than that by Lord+Lode · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Seriously.

  4. Faster than a Cray Super computer?! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    What fanbois won't say about Apple!

    Now, were's the "Imagine a Beowulf cluster of iPads!" jokes?

    1. Re:Faster than a Cray Super computer?! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      Their stats are iPadded.

  5. OMFG by MogNuts · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Oh my god. If I have to read one more BS Apple story like this on the internet, I'm going to go nuts.

    Apple lovers must be stopped. They're driving ad revenue and hits to all these *retarded* articles. They keep writing them because people keep clicking on them. STOP IT people!

    Maybe I should just follow "if u can't beat em, join em." I should just post "Using an iPhone gives you crabs" or "iPhone as valuable as cream of wheat" and watch the money roll in.

    I just laugh. Remember that new screw hoax? They said "they just make it too easy."

    1. Re:OMFG by girlintraining · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I just laugh. Remember that new screw hoax? They said "they just make it too easy."

      Jimmy Kimmel recently went out on the street with an iPhone 4S and passed it off as the new iPhone 5 and asked people what they thought of it. Not one of them realized it was the old iPhone 4S. If that doesn't say something about the mindset of Apple's userbase, I don't know what does.

      --
      #fuckbeta #iamslashdot #dicemustdie
    2. Re:OMFG by PaulUTK · · Score: 5, Informative

      I'm not sure you actually "read one more BS Apple story", this has nothing to do with how great Apple is. This was presented by Dr. Luszczek here in my research group at the Innovative Computing Laboratory to show the efficiency of ARM vs server class CPUs and GPUs. The only readily accessible ARM we could develop on at the time was the iPad2. As with most journalism, the main point of the presentation wasn't what the title of the story was.

    3. Re:OMFG by imagined.by · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Well, you could basically do that with any other phone, and everyone who doesn't know the older generation phone will react this way.

      This says more about psychology and especially trust in authority figures than anything about the iPhone or even phones for that matter.

    4. Re:OMFG by adonoman · · Score: 4, Informative

      Except that at least one of the people interviewed had the current 4S, and was still blown away by the weight, look, and performance of the identical phone handed to him. These weren't people unfamiliar with iPhones.

    5. Re:OMFG by pdabbadabba · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Ever wonder what percentage of people they interviewed actually made it on TV? It's hard to draw general conclusions from a handful of people saying stupid things on TV when saying that very stupid thing was required to get on television. Still: there is no doubt that those were some very stupid people.

    6. Re:OMFG by pdabbadabba · · Score: 2

      I should have added: the subset of those people who owned iPhone 4Ses were very stupid. If you don't regularly use an iPhone 4S, then it's not so strange that you think an iPhone 4S is fast shiny and new. And it certainly doesn't say anything about the "mindset of Apple's userbase" if the people interviewed weren't iPhone users.

      And if I'm reading the other comments here correctly, nobody so much as alleges that this leaves more than a single very stupid person identified by Jimmy Kimmel.

    7. Re:OMFG by whisper_jeff · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Rick Mercer has gone out and talked to Americans and had many an interesting conversation. If that doesn't say something about the mindset of Americans, I don't know what does.

      Here, watch the video if you'd like a sample: http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-7111005509913775935

      See what I did there. I used a comedian's skit where he puts a camera in someone's face and airs the best reactions to make a point. Interesting that, wouldn't you say? Might even relate to the point you're trying to make.

    8. Re:OMFG by Wraithlyn · · Score: 2

      Yes, cherry-picking some rubes off the street, and getting them to play to the camera and act enthusiastic for a celebrity waving a gadget in their face, demonstrates incredible generalizations about the entire Apple userbase. Parrotting such rubbish actually says a lot more about YOUR mindset.

      Do you seriously believe the same trick couldn't be pulled off with other devices?

      Not one of them realized it was the old iPhone 4S.

      ERH MER GERD! NOT ONE!?

      The people who DID realize, were simply edited out. For all you know, it took 20 attempts for each "mark". (Although I doubt it, it's probably pretty easy for a celebrity to get random people on the street to accept what they're saying is true, and act excited for a chance to be on TV)

      --
      "Mind, as manifested by the capacity to make choices, is to some extent present in every electron." -Freeman Dyson
    9. Re:OMFG by AcidPenguin9873 · · Score: 4, Informative
      Slide 18 from this slide deck is where you compare energy efficiency across processors. I see two major flaws in your methodology:
      1. You're using the TDP of each of the processors, instead of a measured power draw while running the benchmark. Are those other processors drawing their TDPs while running this benchmark? I doubt it. Usually the TDPs for any given processor are listed for some sort of power virus type test which is difficult if not impossible to hit running real code. It's possible that this benchmark hits the TDP of each of these processors, but I'd want proof of that, and generally I'd want measured power draws, not TDPs.
      2. More importantly, dynamic power scales quadratically with Voltage (P=C*V^2*F) (Wikipedia reference). If you run these processors at a slower clockspeed and lower voltage, their power draw drops by the V^2*F factor. The performance slows down because of the lower frequency, sure, but you get a squared factor by decreasing voltage, plus some power reduction due to lower frequency, while only having a linear slowdown factor due to the lower frequency. In other words, they can get into a much more efficient power band by not running at their highest voltage/highest frequency. They can run up at high voltage/high frequency because users want super-responsive computers and super-fast GPUs, but for doing long-running power efficiency comparisons, you'd never run them that way. You'd find the sweet spot on the V/F curve and run them there. Cortex-A9 is designed to live at a different point on the perf/power/V/F curve - it's effectively already down at a lower frequency/lower power/lower peak performance point, yet at its performance point it is very efficient. You'd need to sweep across a range of freq/voltages to find the sweet spot of each processor before you compare them like this.
    10. Re:OMFG by a0me · · Score: 2

      Except that at least one of the people interviewed had the current 4S, and was still blown away by the weight, look, and performance of the identical phone handed to him. These weren't people unfamiliar with iPhones.

      Jimmy Kimmel's show is not a news show. They do this kind of staged video all the time, because obviously interviewing people on the street saying "nope, it's not the iPhone 5" isn't that entertaining.

  6. This just In! by Ziggitz · · Score: 5, Funny

    Newer smaller computer is faster than older larger computer! Some didn't think it possible, one of those people submitted the article under the false impression that anyone gave a fuck.

    --
    There is no memory shortage. yes I have heard of XFCE. Go away.
  7. I knew the Cray-2 by mikew03 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I was privileged to program on the Cray-2 back in the day. It was an awesome machine if you had the right kinds of problems for it to solve. My hat is off to the company who let me use the fastest computer in the world for my vi sessions :). That said it;s hardly surprising that the march of Moore's law has resulted in an iPad today beating a computer 13 or so years its senior.

    1. Re:I knew the Cray-2 by ichthus · · Score: 4, Informative

      27 or so years its senior. Wow, pretty neat, huh? Also, my Galaxy S2 is waaaaay faster than my Atari 800.

      --
      sig: sauer
    2. Re:I knew the Cray-2 by gander666 · · Score: 3, Informative

      When I started my Master's thesis, I began learning to program the Cray-XMP. In Fortran still, with some C (pre-ANSI C for you whippersnappers). Then I got a job, and that opportunity fell by the wayside. I still am in awe with how those machines were optimized.

      Of course today, I would just use Matlab, and if I needed more speed, I would compile it to C++ and run natively. But it has been a long time since I have done any serious number crunching.

      For a good read, pick up "Turing's Cathedral", it is a good story of the birth of electronic digital computers, and an eye-opener.

      --
      Suppose you were an idiot and suppose you were a member of Congress ... but I repeat myself. - Mark T
    3. Re:I knew the Cray-2 by mikew03 · · Score: 2

      Oops, yes I seem to have lost a decade somewhere, guess my slow clock speed is showing.

  8. Re:You lost me at Python by ericloewe · · Score: 2

    It was obvious by the Cray 2 / iPad 2 comparison that this is BS.

  9. What the headline giveth . . . by Rob+the+Bold · · Score: 3, Interesting

    . . . the article taketh away.

    From the Phoronix article: "When benchmarking the Apple iPad 2, the University of Tennessee employee achieved 4 GFLOPS per Watt on the ARM SoC (measured at the chip level)."

    The linked graphs don't have units on them, so I have to assume until proven otherwise that the article is correct. But performance per watt, while a valid comparison, doesn't equate to "faster than a Cray-2" in the sense I read the headline, since I assume the Cray-2 pulled quite a bit more power than the iPad. To be "faster than a Cray-2", you really would need a Beowulf cluster of iPad processors.

    --
    I am not a crackpot.
  10. Researcher = Jack Dongarra by gnasher719 · · Score: 4, Informative

    who has been publishing the Top 500 Supercomputer list for many, many years. I would bet that he ran Linpack himself on the Cray-2.

  11. Evolution by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Decades of Moore's law and clever mniaturization lead us to freaking hipster filtering JPEG crap on Instagram, faster. Slow clap.

  12. But... will it blend? by cpotoso · · Score: 4, Funny

    Will the cray2 blend as well as the ipad2?

    1. Re:But... will it blend? by Hotawa+Hawk-eye · · Score: 2

      Depends on how big a blender you have. The brochure says the Cray 2 was 45 inches tall, 53 inches in diameter, and weighed 5500 pounds. [Aaaaaaand ... cue the "Yo Momma" jokes.] According to Guinness, the world's largest blender was "4.79 m (16 ft 4 in) tall, 2.43 (8 ft) wide, 3.04 m (10 ft) deep and ... [was used] to make a 1, 324 litre (291 gal / 350 US gal) smoothie." Assuming the smoothie ingredients weighed the same as water, the blender was able to handle just shy of 3000 pounds. That's well shy of the Cray 2's weight, but the Guinness article doesn't make it clear if that was the blender's maximum weight limit.

      And before you try to "Whoosh" me ... it's not a Whoosh if you enjoy figuring out the answer to the rhetorical question.

  13. Whop de do.. by nurb432 · · Score: 2

    I would hope we had advanced since then. The point of this 'revelation' was what? Click ad revenue generation?

    --
    ---- Booth was a patriot ----
  14. it is so much more than that!! by jsveiga · · Score: 4, Funny

    It has been demonstrated that the ipad 2 is lighter than an Apple II.

    The ipad 2 user interface has been tested and proven much better than the Zilog Z80's.

    On a blind test, the ipad's screen resolution has been voted subjectively better than the MSX's!

    And an independent research confirmed that it has more available apps than the HP41C!

    In a random test with a control group, 3 out of 5 teenagers prefer the ipad when offered the option of an ipad or a Newton, and 2 out of 4 girls prefer the ipad over Justin "Beaver".

    Oh my God, the ipad is really the best thing in the whole universe! No, it has been demonstrated that it is better than 5 universes put together with whipped cream and strawberries on top!!

  15. I'm disappointed by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 2

    This far in, and still no comments about a Beowulf Cluster of iPads.

    What has Slashdot become?

    --
    #DeleteChrome
  16. Cycles != results by Teun · · Score: 2
    What a wasteful world we live in.

    All these great things that have been done on a Cray now equal the numbing stupidity of things like Facebook on an iPad?

    --
    "The likes of Facebook and WhatsApp are free to those whose privacy is of zero value."
  17. Re:Ummm...wutt? by Jeremy+Erwin · · Score: 2

    s this LINPACK metric something that exercises the Crey's massive pipeline architecture, where huge arrays of numbers (the vectors) were operated on at lightning speed through pipeline (assembly line-style) chip design? Or is it just a looping test?

    Now that's a stupid question

  18. The Cray would hurt more ... by Wansu · · Score: 2

    ... if dropped on your foot.

    --
    Wansu, th' chinese sailor
  19. remember the i486? whips the Cray-1 by swschrad · · Score: 2, Informative

    you need to remember, however, that the software for these consumer devices is nowhere close to that on the Crays. no optimization is done any more... for you script kiddies, "optimization" means you manually with the assembly language, or automatically in the compiler, try several things and pick the one that uses the least memory/processor cycles/OSPF if multithreaded/whatever based on what you want to gain by optimizing code. all this "include.kitchensink" stuff just packs in extra code crap in case any of it is needed.

    and Clippy or Bob never ran on a Cray, either.

    --
    if this is supposed to be a new economy, how come they still want my old fashioned money?
    1. Re:remember the i486? whips the Cray-1 by radish · · Score: 4, Interesting

      automatically in the compiler, try several things and pick the one that uses the least memory/processor cycles/OSPF if multithreaded/whatever based on what you want to gain by optimizing code

      Oh - you mean like every JVM/CLR in the last I can't remember how long? Like you get in every Android device? Like all the decent JS engines out there?

      Now we could discuss the relative efficiencies of interpreted vs bytecode vs compiled vs whatever all day long (hint: it's more variable than it might at first seem), but I have a feeling you'd rather go back out and shout at the kids on your lawn.

      --

      ---- Den ene knappen er powerknapp, den andre er Bender voice knapp "Bite My Shiny Metal Ass"

  20. Re:pfffffft by scheme · · Score: 2

    That's true for desktops maybe.

    For servers performance per watt is probably much more important. 1000 xeons, 10,000 a9s - what difference does it make? Once my stuff is parallelized, it doesn't really matter if it executes on 1000 cores or 10k cores. I don't know how all the expenses break down - power usage is one component, but so is the number of physical components, space taken up, etc.

    It comes down to what's cheaper, and the type of application. But I think it's wrong to dismiss ARM as slow. It doesn't make sense to compare one ARM processor to one Intel/AMD processor.

    That's not truly. Applying Amdahl's law, there's a lower limit in regards to the speedups you can achieve. To use an analogy, regardless of how many women are available, you're not really going to a new baby in less than 9 months. Even if your web server can handle 1 million requests in parallel, if each request will take a second to complete, that may be unacceptable. So if you have to hit certain latency requirements, then complaining about the ARM processors as being slow is perfectly valid.

    --
    "When you sit with a nice girl for two hours, it seems like two minutes. When you sit on a hot stove for two minutes, it
  21. Christ by OldSport · · Score: 2

    Guess what? Computing power has increased exponentially in the last three decades. If this surprises you you're an idiot. I mean, ten years ago I paid $2,000 for a Toshiba laptop with a whopping 1 GB of RAM and a 20G hard disk; now I can get a Tracfone with better specs than that.

    Slashdot sure seems to have its collective mouth wrapped tightly around the iSchlong lately.

  22. Re:My desktop computer is way more powerful than t by JohnSearle · · Score: 4, Informative

    And in other news, the Asus Transformer Prime is 4x as fast as the Cray. Android (NVIDIA Tegra 3 T30 1300 MHz (4 cores) ) vs Apple (Apple A5 (32nm) 1000 MHz (2 cores) )

    I hate how everything must be compared against Apple iProducts. I don't recall every comparisons of yesteryear being brand specific. I don't care if the iPhoneX is 2x as fast as iPhoneX-1, or the iProductY is 2x as fast as the Cray. Give me damn benchmarks or clock speed of current day standards, and not a commercial.

  23. Re:Pretty stupid gag by vux984 · · Score: 2

    I mean, a guy with a camera crew shows up and hands you an object and says it is "X" and asks for thoughts. Are you going to disbelieve it's what they say it is??

    Sure I'll probably believe its what they say it is, but that's not the really the point. Lets assume I beleive its an iphone 5:

    On the one hand If I already have a 4S in my own pocket, then I'm probably not going to gush about how this "5" is lighter than the one in my pocket. Nor gush about how much faster it is. Nor gush about how much thinner it is etc. Because it isn't.

    On the other hand if they hand me a 4S calling it a 5 and I am not particularly familiar with a 4S, then I might cheerfully say any number of complimentary things about it. But I wouldn't use relative adjectives like "lighter" or "faster" or "thinner" ... I would just remark that its very "light" or "fast" or "thin".

    But in what universe would I say its faster, lighter, and thinner than a 4S unless I already had a 4S to form some sort of basis for making those comparisons... and if I already had a 4S why on earth would I think an identical object is faster, lighter, and thinner?

    You give them something that they assume is faster, lighter, and thinner than the 4S they currently have, and they'll agree that it is despite their own senses not beign able to tell them apart.

    The emperor has no clothes, but we assume he can't possibly be naked and therefore compliment his new suit our own eyes tell us doesn't exist.

  24. Link Bait! by jampola · · Score: 2

    Otherwise referred to as "Link Bait"!!

  25. Re:My desktop computer is way more powerful than t by sootman · · Score: 2

    Maybe, in order to make news relevant to readers, they chose to compare to something most readers are familiar with? That's pretty much the point of analogies and comparisons.

    Why do you think we ever talked about storage in terms of "Libraries of Congress" in the first place?

    > Give me damn benchmarks or clock speed of
    > current day standards, and not a commercial.

    RTMFA! It has numbers. OF COURSE the summary has the appealing bits. Welcome to journalism. Welcome to the Internet. Welcome to the human species.

    More info from a year ago: http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/09/the-ipad-in-your-hand-as-fast-as-a-supercomputer-of-yore/

    --
    Dear Slashdot: next time you want to mess with the site, add a rich-text editor for comments.