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Federal Judge Approves Warrantless, Covert Video Surveillance

Penurious Penguin writes "Your curtilage may be your castle, but 'open fields' are open game for law-enforcement and surveillance technology. Whether 'No Trespassing' signs are present or not, your private property is public for the law, with or without a warrant. What the police cannot do, their cameras can — without warrant or court oversight. An article at CNET recounts a case involving the DEA, a federal judge, and two defendants (since charged) who were subjected to video surveillance on private property without a warrant. Presumably, the 4th Amendment suffers an obscure form of agoraphobia further elucidated in the article."

30 of 420 comments (clear)

  1. TFS is lacking by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    "Callahan based his reasoning on a 1984 Supreme Court case called Oliver v. United States, in which a majority of the justices said that "open fields" could be searched without warrants because they're not covered by the Fourth Amendment. What lawyers call "curtilage," on the other hand, meaning the land immediately surrounding a residence, still has greater privacy protections."

    1. Re:TFS is lacking by v1 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I get the curtilage thing, but isn't this just outright trespasing? It was posted. If a private citizen walked up on this guy's land, he could charge them with trespassing couldn't he? I don't recall reading anywhere that an officer is exempt from this.

      Further into this, they put a camera there. What would happen to that private citizen if he installed a camera on the other side of that No Trespassing sign? It's "in plain sight" so I don't imagine Invasion of Privacy in the strictest terms would hold up, but it'd certainly be creepy to hear that Joe Citizen can bug my property legally?

      --
      I work for the Department of Redundancy Department.
  2. Re:Wasn't it at least trespassing? by TheGratefulNet · · Score: 5, Insightful

    rules and laws are for regular people.

    don't you know the drill by now?

    cops get away with murder.

    literally.

    and judges are fine with that. almost always. its the 'brotherhood of crime fighters' that keeps them all in alignment.

    they have lost their souls and simply keep their brotherhood going.

    --

    --
    "It is now safe to switch off your computer."
  3. Of course, that's -not- what the article says by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    As the article explains: open fields, even when attached to homes, aren't normally covered by the 4th Amendment, because they're not in the plain-terms of the language. The 4th Amendment doesn't protect all property, but rather just the enumerated properties and spaces. Curtilage - the land immediately attached to a home - is sometimes covered, but separate fields such as these aren't.

    1. Re:Of course, that's -not- what the article says by rastoboy29 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      No. Wrong. Bad.

      One reason many of the founders did NOT want a Bill of Rights was because they wanted to be sure that the people's rights were NOT enumerated.

      What the Bill of Rights is is an enumeration of what the government can definitely NOT do.  Just because something isn't listed there, doesn't mean the government can go crazy and do whatever they want.

      Please stop spreading this common false understanding--it's very destructive.

  4. Re:So tell me, Obama fans... by Trashcan+Romeo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Hell, he'd probably violate the War Powers Act to launch an aggressive war of regime change against the leader of an oil-exporting Muslim country. He might even start killing American citizens with drone bombers. We can't afford a butcher like that in the White House.

  5. Re:wait by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    This judge was appointed by Bush, but sure, whatever you say.

  6. Unadulterated BULLSHIT by CanHasDIY · · Score: 4, Informative

    The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

    Anyone care to explain where, precisely, the above amendment specifies that it only applies to indoor, private property?

    Now that the SCOTUS has decided your property is now public and thus available to police scrutiny without warrant, is there still anyone stupid enough to think this won't eventually creep past the threshold and into your home?

    --
    An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
    1. Re:Unadulterated BULLSHIT by Fastolfe · · Score: 5, Informative

      I don't really see any mention of land/fields in that description at all. What part of "persons, houses, papers and effects" leads you to think that it's talking about land?

      Your suggestion that privately-owned land "is now public" is a bit ridiculous. This isn't about opening up your property to the public, it's about protecting open fields from searches without a warrant. You still own the land and you can still prosecute people that trespass on it (qualified immunity notwithstanding).

      Please keep in mind that this judge isn't the one ruling that fields are exempt from 4th Amendment protection. This was settled nearly a hundred years ago, but was the legal standard long before that:

      HESTER v. U S, 265 U.S. 57 (1924)

      The only shadow of a ground for bringing up the case is drawn from the hypothesis that the examination of the vessels took place upon Hester's father's land. As to that, it is enough to say that, apart from the justification, the special protection accorded by the Fourth Amendment to the people in their 'persons, houses, papers and effects,' is not extended to the open fields. The distinction between the latter and the house is as old as the common law. 4 Bl. Comm. 223, 225, 226.

      The judge here is just applying that precedent to this case, and if you accept the precedent, it seems entirely appropriate and reasonable that it be applied this way here. If you don't like the outcome, don't piss on the judge for being reasonable. Talk to your legislature and get them to change the law.

    2. Re:Unadulterated BULLSHIT by girlinatrainingbra · · Score: 4, Informative
      The Open fields doctrine is what has become a standard ruled upon by the US Supreme Court. The curtilage of a house is the house, its immediate surroundings, and any closely associated buildings or structures but excluding 'any open fields beyond'.
      .

      So the application of fencing around a yard turns it from an open field to a fenced enclosure, thus no longer an open field. A real lawyer would have to fight the issue for farm land. But if the field is unfenced, that's probably open field. Fenced and posted "no trespassing" fields, well, I don't think you can call those open fields anymore, even if they are not the "curtilage."
      .

      Sometimes, when I see words that I do not know, like curtilage, I look them up. Sometimes, when I see a combination of words that seem to have an obvious meaning, like open field, I also look them up. Which is how I found the open field doctrine concept. Whew, I think I learned more than one thing today in each period, plus two more concepts just now. That might make it time for ice-cream to drop the bio-cpu brain-core temperature.

  7. Parabolic microphones, signal processing, etc. by Baldrson · · Score: 3, Insightful
    Is it ok to use parabolic microphones during this covert surveillance conducted without a warrant?

    If so, is it ok to use advanced signal processing technology to covertly and without a warrant see as well as listen through the walls of a home that has EM emanating from a wifi router in the house?

    If so, is it ok to use EM emanating from the police car radio, incidental to routine police communications to covertly and without a warrant see as well as listen through the walls of a home?

    If so, is it ok to deliberately project EM from the police car --- say in the form of a simple flashlight -- onto the private property to get a better look?

    Am I now, by asking these questions, suspect?

  8. Re:Wasn't it at least trespassing? by MyFirstNameIsPaul · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The worst part about the judges is that most of them are former prosecutors. Most cases I've paid any attention to where the cop is on trial, the cop will waive his right to a jury and we end up with the cop, the prosecutor, and the former prosecutor all deciding what to do. I've come to the conclusion that there is a communal right to a jury trial. For serious crimes where the accused wants to waive their right to a jury, there should be some publicly elected official that has to approve the request, my theory being that the politician will not want to create a powerful weapon against him- or herself in the next election. Thus, the police will be less likely to commit such heinous crimes.

    --

    I once took an excursion to Reddit, and later HN. Unlimited up/down voting sucks when dealing with a hive-mind.

  9. Re:Wasn't it at least trespassing? by h4rr4r · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What would really happen is when police are sure you are a criminal they will accept losing their jobs to catch you. This means nothing would change. Evidence collected illegally must be tossed out, or they will continue to collect evidence that way. Ideally it would be tossed out and the officers responsible would be reprimanded or fired.

  10. Let me get this straight... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    They want the filming of the police openly with your phone to be illegal, but placing hidden cameras on private property to film civilians to be legal? Oh what a brave new world it is in this year of 1984.

  11. Re:wait by ackthpt · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Its ok guys just re-elect Obama 2012.

    Yep because this went up to Obama's desk and he looked at it and he said, "Yes, okay do this." and then he signed off on this. And now I'm to believe that Romney will not do this ...

    Pfft. Obama. Romney. Pfft.

    The difference is with Obama it's the government/public agencies doing this, while under Romney it'll be private sector doing it and billing anyone who wants to know what they saw.

    --

    A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
  12. Seriously WTF!!!! by NinjaTekNeeks · · Score: 4, Informative

    "CNET has learned that U.S. District Judge William Griesbach ruled that it was reasonable for Drug Enforcement Administration agents to enter rural property without permission -- and without a warrant -- to install multiple "covert digital surveillance cameras" in hopes of uncovering evidence that 30 to 40 marijuana plants were being grown."

    "Two defendants in the case, Manuel Mendoza and Marco Magana of Green Bay, Wis., have been charged with federal drug crimes after DEA agent Steven Curran claimed to have discovered more than 1,000 marijuana plants grown on the property, and face possible life imprisonment and fines of up to $10 million."

    Life in prison for growing plants, fuck our legal system.

  13. Also Unclear Where the Cameras Were Installed by eldavojohn · · Score: 4, Interesting

    As the article explains: open fields, even when attached to homes, aren't normally covered by the 4th Amendment, because they're not in the plain-terms of the language. The 4th Amendment doesn't protect all property, but rather just the enumerated properties and spaces. Curtilage - the land immediately attached to a home - is sometimes covered, but separate fields such as these aren't.

    The article itself is very odd. For example they open with:

    Police are allowed in some circumstances to install hidden surveillance cameras on private property without obtaining a search warrant, a federal judge said yesterday.

    [emphasis mine] Despite the fact that I can't find any reference to this in any of the quotes or any of the links in their article. In fact, the quote I can find in the article says:

    "Placing a video camera in a location that allows law enforcement to record activities outside of a home and beyond protected curtilage does not violate the Fourth Amendment," Justice Department prosecutors James Santelle and William Lipscomb told Callahan.

    My interpretation of this is that they think they can set up video cameras on public property to record activity on your personal property. Still not a great thing to have happen but not as bad as them installing something on your property without you knowing. Can anyone find where they explain further if the devices themselves were installed on the defendant's property?

    --
    My work here is dung.
    1. Re:Also Unclear Where the Cameras Were Installed by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 3, Informative

      In other words: if you live in a city, and have a yard with a fairly modest front lawn, let's say, and a fenced back yard, then typically the whole of the property would be "curtilage" protected by the 4th Amendment.

      But if you live on a 1000-acre farm, very likely the "protected curtilage" would be only a small area around the actual house. You can help define this "protected curtilage" area yoursef, by building a fence around the residential area you want protected. Maybe you wan the barn to be within the protected curtilage, for example. So you build a fence at an 80 yard radius around the house and the barn. Very likely, a court would rule that to be "curtilage". But the wheat fields or whatever? No.

    2. Re:Also Unclear Where the Cameras Were Installed by pavon · · Score: 4, Informative

      To elaborate on the other posters, the term curtilage refers to a very small area around your house (like a typical suburban yard), and doesn't include other private property like farmland, etc. These people had a large wooded plot of land with a house on it. They had large fences and no trespassing signs all around the property. The police set up cameras on the private property, but away from the house.

      Here is a better article that also links to the full ruling, and has some very informative posts in the discussion.

  14. Re:wait by Curunir_wolf · · Score: 5, Informative

    The difference is with Obama it's the government/public agencies doing this, while under Romney it'll be private sector doing it and billing anyone who wants to know what they saw.

    Well, there goes that "difference". You apparently haven't seen Obama's latest Executive Order.

    Remember, folks, it's a "public-private partnership"; we don't call it fascism anymore!

    --
    "Somebody has to do something. It's just incredibly pathetic it has to be us."
    --- Jerry Garcia
  15. Precedent by OhHellWithIt · · Score: 5, Informative

    Read a bit of the SCOTUS decision on Oliver v. United States (1984) and tell me how this breaks new ground. I was getting my dander up, too, and then I realized this kind of thing was decided 28 years ago. If you want the cops to get a warrant, grow your MJ indoors or in the "curtilage" behind a tall fence (and hope they're not using aircraft).

    --
    "Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past." -- George Orwell
  16. Re:wait by tylikcat · · Score: 3, Interesting

    So, do you have an actual suggestion? Both major parties at this point have pretty egregious records when it comes to civil liberties. Neither not voting nor voting for third parties seem likely to affect the situation in a useful manner. ...which would then mean that the ways to address the situation are probably things other than voting. So why did you post?

  17. What's good for the goose... by superdave80 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    U.S. Attorney James Santelle, who argued that warrantless surveillance cameras on private property "does not violate the Fourth Amendment."

    Well, Mr. U.S. Attorney James Santelle, I'll be over at your house in a few minutes with my camera to start recording what you do on your property.

  18. Re:So tell me, Obama fans... by Curunir_wolf · · Score: 5, Informative

    False equivalency. The Obama / Holder justice department has cracked down on pot 4 times as hard as Bush ever did, even conducting twice as many raids on medical marijuana facilities in 4 years than Bush did in 8. And this from the President that promised (as a candidate) to leave them alone.

    --
    "Somebody has to do something. It's just incredibly pathetic it has to be us."
    --- Jerry Garcia
  19. Easy solution by Sparticus789 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Wi-fi signal detector - $200
    Scanning your property once a week for signals - 1 Hour
    Finding a warrantless wi-fi camera and placing it in front of a continuous loop of hardcore German scat porn. - Priceless

    Some things money can't buy. For everything else, there is the smug satisfaction of sticking it to the cops.

    --
    sudo make me a sandwich
  20. Re:Civil libertarians - please provide alternative by nschubach · · Score: 4, Insightful

    how do those who vigorously defend civil liberties propose the community should protect themselves?

    We have a constitutional amendment for that...

    A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

    --
    Every time I start to have faith in humanity, I ruin it by driving to work between 7 and 8 am.
  21. Re:wait by P-niiice · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The implication is that Romney would "do different". Just because this is an executive branch function doesn't mean Romney would step into the office, find and review this case and personally put a stop to it.

  22. Re:So tell me, Obama fans... by Charliemopps · · Score: 5, Insightful

    U.S. district judge sided with the Justice Department to rule that it was reasonable for DEA agents to enter a property without permission or a warrant to install multiple “covert digital surveillance cameras.”

    The Justice department...

    The Department is led by the Attorney General, who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate and is a member of the Cabinet. The current Attorney General is Eric Holder.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice There would be no case here if the Obama administration had not brought one. Not defending republicans here, they are just as bad as democrats. But seriously, stop defending them like they were a friend of the people.

  23. Re:So tell me, Obama fans... by Charliemopps · · Score: 3, Insightful

    What on earth are you talking about? The DEA is run by the Executive branch, the Justice Department is as well... This would not be a case at all, if the Obama administration had not already approved the agents to use the cameras and the justice department hadn't decided to present that evidence and argue for its constitutionality. If Obama thought this was wrong he could tell Eric Holder to drop this case, and it would have been over before it even got to the judge. Are you really that dedicated to your party that you're completely blind to reality?

  24. Re:wait by anagama · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Well, another difference is that "progressives" will remain absolutely dead silent while Obama guts the civil rights portions of the Constitution, but if Romney is elected and tries to do the same thing, then they'll complain about. So ironically, civil rights are in less danger under the GOP.

    --
    What changed under Obama? Nothing Good