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Wiki Weapon Project Test-Fires a (Partly) 3D-Printed Rifle

MrSeb writes "In its continuing mission to build a 'Wiki Weapon,' Defense Distributed has 3D printed the lower receiver of an AR-15 and tested it to failure. The printed part only survives the firing of six shots, but for a first attempt that's quite impressive. And hey, it's a plastic gun. Slashdot first covered 3D-printed guns back in July. The Defense Distributed group sprung up soon after, with the purpose of creating an open-source gun — a Wiki Weapon — that can be downloaded from the internet and printed out. The Defense Distributed manifesto mainly quotes a bunch of historical figures who supported the right to bear arms. DefDist (its nickname) is seeking a gun manufacturing license from the ATF, but so far the feds haven't responded. Unperturbed, DefDist started down the road by renting an advanced 3D printing machine from Stratasys — but when the company found out what its machine was being used for, it was repossessed. DefDist has now obtained a 3D printer from Objet, which seemingly has a more libertarian mindset. The group then downloaded HaveBlue's original AR-15 lower receiver from Thingiverse, printed it out on the Objet printer using ABS-like Digital Material, screwed it into an AR-57 upper receiver, loaded up some FN 5.7x28mm ammo, and headed to the range. The DefDist team will now make various modifications to HaveBlue's design, such as making it more rugged and improving the trigger guard, and then upload the new design to Thingiverse." Sensible ammo choice; 5.7x28mm produces less recoil than the AR-15's conventional 5.56mm. I wonder how many of the upper's components, too, can one day be readily replaced with home-printable parts — for AR-15 style rifles, the upper assembly is where the gun's barrel lives, while the lower assembly (the part printed and tested here) is the legally controlled part of the firearm.

40 of 289 comments (clear)

  1. Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by eldavojohn · · Score: 5, Informative

    And hey, it's a plastic gun.

    No, it's not. It's not even close to that. It's a plastic lower receiver with the rest of the gun being not plastic.

    As someone who's taken gun safety, I'm shocked he put himself at risk to test this. Making a shooting bench is fairly trivial. Automating a trigger pulling mechanism is a little more difficult but would require very basic knowledge. I'm surprised someone with access to a 3D printer would be stupid enough to pull a plastic lower receiver up to his face, put his hand on it and pull the trigger until it failed. In gun safety they show you what even an obstructed barrel can result in when firing a gun. That action mechanism would basically become shrapnel for your right hand, left forearm and face.

    If these guys want to be taken seriously, they probably should 3D print something that will prevent them from winning a Darwin award.

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    1. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by vux984 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      In gun safety they show you what even an obstructed barrel can result in when firing a gun.

      Yes, but I'm having a harder time imagining what a defect in the lower receiver would cause that would be equivalent to firing a bullet into an obstructed barrel.

      That's the car equivalent of 3D printing a new hood and then saying man that's crazy risky -- just look at the damage that can happen when the brakes fail.

    2. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Seriously? What's the worst that's going to happen from a lower receiver breaking? It doesn't even approach the situation, in terms of danger, caused by a squib.

      As someone who's been shooting, dismantling and repairing firearms for over 20 years, I'm inclined to think maybe you should stick to things you learned in your little gun safety class and not speculate too far beyond that.

    3. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by swb · · Score: 5, Informative

      Well, there's some risk, but it's pretty minimal. The upper receiver is likely metal, and the upper receiver holds the bolt and the barrel and chamber.

      It's hard to see what kind of problem you would have if the lower failed -- feed problem with a dropped magazine? Broken trigger guard, or just some larger mechanical failure if the lower itself cracked or split?

      None of these would result in a gun blowing up in your face as the cartridge is fired in the chamber which is an integral part of the barrel and connected mechanically to the upper receiver.

      It seems like a good machinist's face shield and a pair of gloves would be more than adequate protection for the risks involved.

    4. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by RobertNotBob · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Yeah, But...

      All of the high-stress areas are also in the UPPER receiver. If the upper receiver, chamber, barrel, bolt-face, cam-lock, and main spring are all from "typically manufactured" steel and aluminum parts, then using this weapon is not any more dangerous than firing a mass-produced AR. - Just less reliable.

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    5. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by CasualFriday · · Score: 5, Insightful

      And hey, it's a plastic gun.

      No, it's not. It's not even close to that. It's a plastic lower receiver with the rest of the gun being not plastic.

      As far as the ATF is concerned, an AR-15 lower receiver is a gun because it is the part of the gun that is serialized. Of course, your statement is true if you're arguing above the legal authority of the ATF, an organization that considers shoelaces to be machine guns.

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    6. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by Afty0r · · Score: 2

      The hood is part of the structural strength of the vehicle.

      This may be true of some automobiles, but it's certainly not true of them all - many auto hoods now are the equivalent of tin-foil with more thickness of paint on them than metal in them... On my car (Honda S2000) you can make a significant shallow depression in the hood, depressing it only with the strength in your smallest finger...

    7. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2

      That's OK. Their sister organization the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) thinks Marijuana is a Schedule I drug(drugs you can't have anywhere, anytime), right up there with heroin , while the purified form of the active substance in Marijuana, THC (marinol) is a Schedule III drug (drugs with much less of an addictive or medical issue, you can call prescriptions in by phone or fax, get refills of them).

      Dumb and Dumber!

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    8. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by Nimey · · Score: 2

      I'm surprised someone with access to a 3D printer would be stupid enough to pull a plastic lower receiver up to his face, put his hand on it and pull the trigger until it failed.

      There's a reason D&D has separate stats for Intelligence and Wisdom, y'know.

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    9. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by Intrepid+imaginaut · · Score: 2

      To be honest I think they should be looking at different designs entirely to compensate for the poor quality materials, maybe even completely new designs.

    10. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by eyegor · · Score: 2

      There's a fair amount of stress where the buffer tube screws into the lower. Both from torque forces caused by the user pulling the gun in tight to their body while they shoot and stress caused as the buffer spring compresses when the gun shoots. The stress is nothing like what's seen on the upper, but obviously you don't want the gun breaking just because you've pulled in too hard while shooting.

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    11. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by vlm · · Score: 2

      It's hard to see what kind of problem you would have if the lower failed

      Worst case scenario is some improbable failure of the sear leading to full auto operation while being filmed. Whoops. Then the jackboots nuke everyone involved from orbit, just to be sure.

      --
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    12. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by PPH · · Score: 2

      When I was your age, we took the hoods off our cars and drove them around like that.

      Now get off my lawn, kid!

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    13. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by need4mospd · · Score: 4, Informative

      The only purpose of a hood is to keep stuff from getting in the engine bay and improve aerodynamics. If you think it adds structural integrity to the vehicle, I suggest you spend a little more time under the hood. Most hoods are attached at two points by weak hinges, real structural there. Not to mention, a common hood material is fiberglass which breaks up into shards fairly easy.

    14. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Well...
      As a person who actually builds ARs as a hobby let me follow up. The lower receiver is also where the buffer tube is attached. The buffer and buffer spring are absorbing the blow back of the bolt carrier group and is responsible for returning it to battery position. The point at which the buffer tube meets the lower receiver is a potential point of failure since the receiver is not aluminum. This also happens to be right about where your face is. If it breaks loose chances are the rifle will simply fail to cycle at all. Although if it breaks loose and you fire a second round you may end up with a BCG slamming into a broken buffer tube and having part of it lodged into the side of your face. Even if the potential for failure is small it does exist. Maybe it is just me but until you work out the kinks placing your face next to it is in fact extremely unsafe, face shield or not. One solution to this point of failure is to embed a threaded aluminum collar into the printed piece so the buffer tube had solid threads to anchor to.

    15. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by cffrost · · Score: 3, Funny

      When I was your age, we took the hoods off our cars and drove them around like that.

      Now get off my lawn, kid!

      Any chance you drove a Gran Torino?

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    16. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by GigsVT · · Score: 2, Informative

      On some guns the upper section is considered the firearm. It depends on the gun. On the AR-15 it's likely the lower because the lower houses the fire control group (trigger/sear/hammer), which defines important traits such as whether the gun is full auto or not.

      The plus side to this is that you can often take a fully automatic lower receiver and use it with different uppers to effectively create different kinds of fully auto guns without needing to get separate tax stamps and avoiding the 1986 prohibition on building new machine guns (with some legal caveats, do the research if you intend to do this).

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    17. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by hideouspenguinboy · · Score: 2

      Maybe you didn't hear - he took a gun safety class? He's totally an expert. Seriously - that's like someone on slashdot claiming they know what the article says because they read the summary. Oh, wait . . . carry on!

    18. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by FrankSchwab · · Score: 2

      Wish I had some mod points for this post.

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    19. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by tgd · · Score: 2

      The hood is part of the structural strength of the vehicle.

      What if you printed a hood from plastic that shattered? And you had a crash, and sharp plastic shards penetrated the windscreen and impaled you, "Omen" style?

      That's not just wrong, its ridiculously wrong. The hood isn't remotely structural, in any form, in any vehicle. And no plastic shard is going to come from the hood and through the windshield and impale you. Ever.

    20. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by sootman · · Score: 2

      > The hood is part of the structural strength of the vehicle.

      Nearly none. It's held on the back with two small hinges and the front with a clip. It lends a bit of torsional rigidity but not much. Almost not enough to measure. Any car can be driven normally for great distances with no hood. The biggest downfalls are aerodynamics and getting water, dirt, and debris into the engine area.

      Also, plastic weak enough to shatter would not be strong enough to go through a laminated windshield -- it would just break against the glass.

      And someone else already pointed out -- race cars (and wannabe race cars) have used fiberglass hoods for years.

      Same thing with the gun in question: the "lower" is pretty much "the plastic bits that hold the important bits in the right spot."

      Still waiting for the day when Slashdot unveils the "-1, factually incorrect" mod.

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    21. Re:Did He Really Just Pull That Up To His Face? by BlackPignouf · · Score: 2

      If these guys want to be taken seriously, they probably should build an AK with a shovel and a vodka bottle :D
      http://www.northeastshooters.com/vbulletin/threads/179192-DIY-Shovel-AK-photo-tsunami-warning

  2. "Plastic Gun" by Nidi62 · · Score: 2

    Well, hell, if this qualfies as a plastic gun, then so is my Sig SP2022, and it survives a lot more than 6 rounds. A plastic lower is just a frame; just like my Sig, or Glocks, or numerous other firearms, the actual firing mechanisms(trigger assembly for lower; barrel, firing pin, chamber, and numerous other parts for the upper) are still made of metal.

    --
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    1. Re:"Plastic Gun" by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Except those plastics were specifically designed for this purpose (IIRC that's the whole deal with Glocks - 'cheap' simple plastic guns). Not the whatever thermoplastic ribbon you get in a 3 D printer.

      Real question: How many different kinds of plastic are available for these things? One of the interesting things about plastics chemistry is that there are hundreds, if not thousands, of different types available with different properties. Picking the right plastic for the job is a very important thing.

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  3. Object and Stratasys have merged by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    Object and Stratasys have completed their merger yesterday, so we'll see about that "libertarian mindset"...

  4. Re:Legality? by Baloroth · · Score: 5, Informative

    Since the lower receiver is the "regulated" part of the AR-15 (the part that the ATF considers to be the actual gun), isn't think rather illegal?

    Home-made rifles are completely legal, you just can't sell or otherwise distribute them. The plans for them, on the other hand, you can distribute, hence the project.

    --
    "None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license." --John Milton
  5. Re:Counterintuitive by RobertNotBob · · Score: 2
    If this is anything new for you... you might not have been paying enough attention.

    My IT industry friends are the most well armed guys I know.

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  6. not that interesting or new by Trepidity · · Score: 4, Informative

    Because of the weapon's design, the receiver on an AR-15 is a notoriously easy part to produce, and has been possible to produce on low-end CNC mills for years. It's not in any way the most difficult part of the weapon to produce; it's just the outer housing within which the actual functional parts are located. Sort of like printing a computer case but not printing what goes inside the case.

    1. Re:not that interesting or new by mr1911 · · Score: 2

      AR-15 lower receivers are not, and have never been made as a stamped part (expect maybe a few mad scientists making one-of-a-kind prototypes). Neither does the AK-47 (a real one that is, they used milled receivers). The guns that 99% of people call AK-47s are actually variants of the AKM, a cheapier replacement for the AK-47, which uses a stamped receiver.

      I would have posted as an AC too if making such an uninformed statement. Google "M16 stamped receiver". You will be enlightened. Both the M16 and AK-47 were designed to have, and regularly produced with, stamped receivers. And before you argue the M16 and AR-15 are not the same thing, you should Google that too and make yourself even more familiar with the Stoner design.

      The Wikipedia reference might be a good place for you to start. It will be on the first page of your Google search.

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  7. Re:Why is this considered a good thing? by logjon · · Score: 5, Funny

    Not sure if you're joking or European.

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  8. Re:I would not post one more comment on this by wiedzmin · · Score: 2

    Sounds like you should be posting in the 3D printed tinfoil hat thread.

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  9. NEWS FLASH!! by kuhnto · · Score: 2

    Area man uses CNC machine and metalsmithing lathe to build a gun! Complete with Barrel, upper and lower receiver!

    --
    "A 'person' is smart. 'People' are dumb, panicky animals and you know that."
  10. Re:Why is this considered a good thing? by swillden · · Score: 2

    The government should have a monopoly on violence

    Had that been true in the mid- to late 1700s, the United States would still be a set of British colonies. Within American political theory, at least, possession of arms by the common citizen is of critical importance to political freedom, since it provides the ultimate recourse should the political process be subverted so that it no longer recognizes the will of the people. This is the reason why the ability to manufacture arms at home is of value, because such self-manufactured arms cannot be regulated.

    I realize many people have such deep faith in the inevitability of democratic processes that this seems silly. Personally, I hope they're right, because armed rebellions are very messy, nasty affairs, and there's no guarantee that what comes out the other end will be an improvement. But I see great value in preserving the option.

    (To head off a common objection: Yes, 50 million people armed with rifles can successfully defeat a few hundred thousand armed with tanks and military aircraft. The first step is to use the rifles to acquire tanks and military aircraft. Even a few thousand people armed with rifles and improvised explosives can pose a serious challenge to a much larger modern military force, though not defeat it. In practice, merely having sufficient arms to force an open conflict would probably be enough to get a large portion of the military to refuse to fire on their fellow citizens, if not outright join them.)

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  11. ignorant panic by sl4shd0rk · · Score: 2

    A busted beer bottle can be a weapon, or just a busted bottle. It all depends on the responsibility of the person holding it.

    It makes no sense to me to panic about printing a firearm, or pieces of it, when I know any dumbass could just as likely run me over with his/her car while texting on their phone. Point is, address the problem of bad decision making instead. Running around making prohibitions just causes people to be more sneaky about obtaining said item anyway.

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  12. op cit by ThatsNotPudding · · Score: 2

    The hood is part of the structural strength of the vehicle.

    Citation required.

    I occasionally see vehicles with no hood whatsoever (or having an obviously fiberglass part, pinned down). I have yet to see any of them surrounded by angry tin stars, with the owner on the ground, trussed up like a chicken.

  13. Re:Why is this considered a good thing? by Bigby · · Score: 2

    Because the Americans pretty much see it as human right to defend oneself from possible government tyranny. You know, just in case the government wants to run roughshod over its people.

    FTFY

    And before you say, "that will never happen", think of all the other times in history it has happened and how history repeats itself.
    And before you say, "the government has bombs", do you think bombs will win the "war on terror"?

  14. Absurd! by Paracelcus · · Score: 2

    Some poor bastard in a village blacksmith shop who can't read or write can produce AK47 clones day in, day out, that work!
    Unless somebody "prints" a REAL rifle (one that can fire thousands of rounds of a useful cartridge (7.62x51) without a major failure I call this just more kids indulging in mental masturbation, trying to entertain themselves.

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  15. Re:Why is this considered a good thing? by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

    Not sure if you're joking or British.

    Here, FTFY. We continentals have no problems with handguns.

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    Ezekiel 23:20
  16. Re:Guns Are Hilarious! by MrNaz · · Score: 3, Funny

    Dude, have you SEEN what a Blendtech blender can do? Guns have nothing on that.

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  17. Oh good, more guns by musth · · Score: 3

    Fantastic way to invest time and passion. The world, especially the US, needs MORE GUNS.

    Idiots.