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Blue, Not Red: Did Ancient Mars Look Like This?

astroengine writes "Using elevation data from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, software engineer Kevin Gill was inspired to create a virtual version of the red planet with a difference. 'I had been doing similar models of Earth and have seen attempts by others of showing life on Mars, so I figured I'd give it a go,' Gill told Discovery News. 'It was a good way to learn about the planet, be creative and improve the software I was rendering it in.' He included oceans, lakes, clouds and a biosphere — a view of a hypothetical ancient Mars that looks wonderfully like home."

48 of 75 comments (clear)

  1. "Wonderfully homely" by Ol+Biscuitbarrel · · Score: 3, Funny

    So the typical Martian was one ugly motherfucker, then? "Ain't got time to bleed!"

    Props for realizing that a Mars covered with water would be blue, too. Such insight!

    1. Re:"Wonderfully homely" by steviesteveo12 · · Score: 1

      Yeah, I know. I thought the mountains sticking up out of the atmosphere was very cool, though.

    2. Re:"Wonderfully homely" by SternisheFan · · Score: 1

      It's not the water that makes Earth blue, it's the sunlights refraction in the atmosphere. The blue water is just a reflection. The images assumes an Earth-like atmosphere, both in composition and height.

      Er, isn't it the sunlight reflecting off of the water molecules in the air?

    3. Re:"Wonderfully homely" by SternisheFan · · Score: 1

      It's not the water that makes Earth blue, it's the sunlights refraction in the atmosphere. The blue water is just a reflection. The images assumes an Earth-like atmosphere, both in composition and height.

      Er, isn't it the sunlight reflecting off of the water molecules in the air?

      Short answer - no. Medium length answer - the sky is "blue" due to the refraction of incoming light and the sensitivity of the different receptors in our eyes. Long answer - can't be bothered to Google for it. Do it yourself.

      Thank you, I broke my google yesterday. Doc says I need to stay off it for a couple days. :')

    4. Re:"Wonderfully homely" by tragedy · · Score: 1

      There's no reason to put "blue" in quotes there. The sky is blue (when it's blue) because of its optical properties. Explaining it in more detail is informative, but doesn't make it not really blue. Same as how a deeper understanding of the electromagnetic forces that bind together atoms and molecules doesn't mean that objects never really "touch" each other, as deep a thought as that may seem when you're eight and you learn some basics of atomic theory.

  2. Re:BS by Splab · · Score: 5, Informative

    This is where using 2-3 minutes to read the fine article would have helped you out.

    It is a software guy who just wondered what it would look like with earthly features. This is not based on any kind of facts other than the elevations.

  3. interesting excercise by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It is an interesting exercise.
    But I notice the renderings show a lot of nicely circular lakes, suggesting meteor impact craters. If Mars at any time had this amount of water and a thicker atmosphere there would likely be less craters and those that did remain would probably have different shapes due to erosion. It would suggest the meteorite impacts happened after the water evaporated and the atmosphere thinned.

    1. Re:interesting excercise by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      . If Mars at any time had this amount of water and a thicker atmosphere there would likely be less craters

      No, craters of the size in the images would be caused by bodies big enough that they wouldn't even notice an atmosphere.
       

      those that did remain would probably have different shapes due to erosion

      No, not really. You can't erode something circular into something that's not circular - that's why we can find impact craters on Earth that are millions of years old.

  4. Um... by muecksteiner · · Score: 2

    Call me cynical, but this is pretty much a case of "Look, ma! We got some fancy 3D graphics now!". But it's not particularly interesting or novel from a technical viewpoint - even bad Hollywood movies have more professional graphics than this.

    I mean, all he did was slap some Blue Marble textures onto a Martian height field globe. Wo-hoo, score one for physical simulation, and all that. As someone else has said, score one for the realisation that the planet would have been blue, if there had been large amounts of surface water. Wo-hoo! :-)

    Now if he had done some actual simulation on where large bodies of surface water have likely existed: seas are sort of obvious, but what about rivers and lakes - these are extremely important for life, due to being sources of fresh water, as opposed to the inevitable salt water in the oceans. That, coupled with a simulation how life could have spread. Parameterised by how advanced the lifeforms are - move a slider from "basically just slime in the ocean" to "higher plants", and watch the green spread into those regions that could sustain it... that would be news. But this? They cover texture mapping and in-painting in computer graphics 101 these days.

    That having said, the images *are* pretty, so it's not all bad. :-) Just not that much of news for nerds.

    1. Re:Um... by LourensV · · Score: 3, Informative

      In Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars trilogy, the northern ocean is filled with fresh water from the molten polar ice cap, while the rivers take up salt from the rocks they flow over, so there are salty rivers flowing into a fresh water ocean. I'm not sure how realistic that is, but it doesn't seem completely illogical.

      As artist impressions go, I prefer this one, by Daein Ballard over the one in the article.

    2. Re:Um... by bogjobber · · Score: 1

      seas are sort of obvious, but what about rivers and lakes - these are extremely important for life, due to being sources of fresh water, as opposed to the inevitable salt water in the oceans.

      Fresh water is important for terrestrial life. It's not exactly like the oceans on Earth are barren and lifeless.

  5. Fauna by 3LP · · Score: 1

    What, no pink unicorns?

  6. Unlikely - mars has always been cold by Viol8 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    People seem to forget that after its formation the sun was somewhat LESS bright than it is now so Mars would have been even colder in its current orbit. If there ever was large amounts of water on Mars I suspect that it would have spent most of its time locked up as ice sheets with the occasional melting due to impacts. Pretty much the way it is today.

    All this warm wet life on mars stuff strikes me as nothing more than wish fulfillment - the same way people used to imagine Venus was a tropical paradise. Until the probes went there and proved those predictions to be some of the worst ever made in astronomical science.

    1. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by esldude · · Score: 2

      Yes, I agree. James Lovelock pretty much told NASA why there was no life there back in the 1960's. No need to look for it as it isn't there. Sound, simple principles behind him saying that. Funny, how this fictional idea that there was life on Mars, along with some wishful thinking (I am looking at you Percival Lowell) can get lodged in the minds of so many people. And lead to billions spent on that faulty idea.

      Hey, I am all for space exploration, and bothering to go has lead to some good knowledge. But this look for life has gone from "is there life there?" (no), to "were there ever conditions on Mars that could support life?".

      But with conditions on Venus, I suppose Mars is the only game in town until we can send something to one of the moons of Jupiter.

    2. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by asmkm22 · · Score: 1

      I'm no planetary scientist, but I'd imagine this would depend greatly on the atmospheric composition at the time. If it was thick enough, liquid water should have been possible, especially with methane added to the mix.

    3. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Perhaps you can elaborate here. We know that various forms of life exist in pretty extreme conditions. We know that Mars once had a thicker atmosphere. It appears that Mars once had flowing water. Evidence suggests it had large oceans. What did this guy know that we don't?

    4. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by SternisheFan · · Score: 1

      Then we can terraform Mars by introducing greenhouse gasses. Man made global warming over a thousand years, but this time with positive side effects. Though having to observe it might prove to be anti-climatic.

    5. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by SternisheFan · · Score: 1

      I'm pretty sure you'd need a magnetic field for the planet first. Otherwise the atmosphere would just be blown away.

      Sure would. That brings up the 'puzzle' of how we could do that. Hey, no one said this was gonna be 'easy'. Where'd be the fun in that?

    6. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by Hentes · · Score: 1

      When Mars still had its atmosphere, it was mostly CO2, so the greenhouse effect could keep it warm enough for liquid water.

    7. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by codewarren · · Score: 1

      People seem to forget that after its formation the sun was somewhat LESS bright than it is now so Mars would have been even colder in its current orbit.

      And some forget that after Mars' own formation it was damn hot (molten, even, for a while) just from the energy of its own formation, just like every other planet. Although only a trace is left today, this would have lasted for some time. So it is incorrect to assume that "less bright sun" equals "colder planet" unless all other things were equal, which they were not.

    8. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      This is only a problem if the rate at which the atmosphere is blown away is high. For example, I claim that serving water in a glass is pointless because the water would dry away, and you answer "Sure would".

    9. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by scharkalvin · · Score: 1

      Actually Mars might have been warmer, THEN colder. The planets maintained much internal heat left over from creation for millions of years. Mars once had an active core like the Earth still does (the now dead volcanoes on Mars are proof of this). With an active core Mars also once had a magnetic field that protected it's early thicker atmosphere. Mars might once had been a lot warmer and wetter, perhaps long enough for life to evolve there. In fact the early Earth might have been TOO HOT due to still containing much of the heat from it's creation while smaller Mars that was farther from the sun had cooled to the point where life was possible. Then Mars cooled down, the sun wasn't yet warm enough to make up the difference (for Earth it was), and also being smaller Mar's core shut down, the magnetic field died out and the solar wind slowly removed the planet's outer atmosphere. Mars then died. If Mars had been born a larger planet, it might be a twin of Earth today.

    10. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by SternisheFan · · Score: 1

      This is only a problem if the rate at which the atmosphere is blown away is high. For example, I claim that serving water in a glass is pointless because the water would dry away, and you answer "Sure would".

      Hey, I'm a 'wannabe' nerd. You guys here like to show off your awesome brain matter, so, lets see what you got. As they say in poker, put up or shut up. Mars is going to be your and your kids world to either screw up or create correctly. I mean, even I have my possible answer, but I don't want to 'show my hand' just yet. So, what you got, ac?

    11. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by the+biologist · · Score: 1

      He knew that he was right.

    12. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      People seem to forget that after its formation the sun was somewhat LESS bright than it is now so Mars would have been even colder in its current orbit. If there ever was large amounts of water on Mars I suspect that it would have spent most of its time locked up as ice sheets with the occasional melting due to impacts. Pretty much the way it is today.

      Insolation is only one part of the equation. While the sun may have been less bright, the Martian atmosphere would have been much, much thicker - more than offsetting the reduced insolation. Your suspicion also fails to jibe with the available scientific evidence, which shows Mars wasn't always pretty much the way it is today and that there were once considerable quantities of free flowing water for a long period.
       

      All this warm wet life on mars stuff strikes me as nothing more than wish fulfillment - the same way people used to imagine Venus was a tropical paradise. Until the probes went there and proved those predictions to be some of the worst ever made in astronomical science.

      You've been misled by decades of bad popular science history and over worshipful space program history. By the early 50's, evidence was already accumulating that Venus was almost certainly much hotter than had previously been theorized. But the scientists of the era that thought Venus was a "tropical paradise" were working with the best information they had. (Unlike you.)

    13. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      ... now so Mars would have been even colder in its current orbit.
      Global warming should tell you that much of a planets temperature is a matter of its atmosphere.
      So with a CO2 rich atmosphere nothing speaks against an ancient Mars with free floating water, forests and other life.
      Keep in mind: mid day summer temperatures or at the equator on Mars are above zero regularly.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    14. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      Yes, I agree. James Lovelock pretty much told NASA why there was no life there back in the 1960's. No need to look for it as it isn't there. Sound, simple principles behind him saying that. Funny, how this fictional idea that there was life on Mars, along with some wishful thinking (I am looking at you Percival Lowell) can get lodged in the minds of so many people. And lead to billions spent on that faulty idea.

      That's like claiming we should still believe the scientists mentioned by the grandparent who predicted Venus would be a tropical paradise. I.E. you're suggesting we should believe a theory from half a century ago - and discard all the evidence accumulated since.

    15. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by Viol8 · · Score: 1

      "and that there were once considerable quantities of free flowing water for a long period."

      No , there nothings showing it was there for a long period. All the signs of water could have been made by flash floods and lakes that lasted for a few decades at most.

      "were working with the best information they had. (Unlike you.)"

      Ooo, get you. Careful with that handbag!

    16. Re:Unlikely - mars has always been cold by infinitelink · · Score: 1

      Thanks for saying so. I was about to add that the damn rock is just too darn cold--not to mention out or reach until we can figure how to create a bigger and more stable electromagnetic field than the one surrounding earth: given size and strength of the dynamo theorized to be inside the earth necessary to generate the one whose benefits we so enjoy, that's a long way off: likely impossible.

      Even then, still too cold: I bet chances are better for terraforming the moon.

      --
      Intelligent idiots are we. | Evil men do not understand justice.
  7. Blue shift by egcagrac0 · · Score: 2

    Is it just me, or is that planet getting closer?

  8. Campaign Cartographer by portwojc · · Score: 1

    Many years ago the software Campaign Cartographer showed us this picture, of course with old mapping data but it was close.

  9. Also the moon by david.given · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I've been (very slowly) doing something a bit similar with the moon --- see here --- although differently; I've been trying to render everything and producing ground-level views rather than producing a painted sphere like TFA. (His looks better from a distance. Mine looks better close up.) I've been trying to use procedural texturing and atmospheric effects. The pictures above are rather out of date; rendering your own from SVN will look better.

    Unfortunately rendering things the size of planets from very close up runs into big problems with floating point precision. The only renderer I've found which will do it at all is Povray, and even then there are loads of bugs --- volumetric effects for things like clouds is well buggered at this sort of scale. See this picture for an example. Plus Povray's is really slow at procedural surfaces.

    Right now I really need to start again from scratch using higher-resolution terrain and gravity data from some of the recent lunar probes, and I also probably want to switch to a different renderer which works at higher precision. Any suggestions of a fast raytracer that does procedural isosurfaces, volumetric effects and works at double precision will be gratefully appreciated...

    I will also share this test render with you, which I think is delightfully surreal...

    1. Re:Also the moon by Jarik+C-Bol · · Score: 1

      You need to look at Terragen. I'm 100% sure it can do everything you want, but it can render out worlds anywhere between full globes, to inch scale close ups, with a lot of the effects you are looking for, and, if you learn to run it right, you can load in lots of external data light heightmaps and whatnot.

      --
      I've decided to Diversify my Holdings. I've divided my cash between my left and right pockets, instead of all in one.
    2. Re:Also the moon by david.given · · Score: 1

      Terragen is commercial, unfortunately.

    3. Re:Also the moon by Jarik+C-Bol · · Score: 1

      last I checked, they had a free version thats only limit was the size of the final output renders.

      --
      I've decided to Diversify my Holdings. I've divided my cash between my left and right pockets, instead of all in one.
    4. Re:Also the moon by david.given · · Score: 1

      Yes, but if it's commercial I can't hack it, which it's basically just not interesting to me. Sorry.

  10. SimEarth? by wadeal · · Score: 1

    I could do the same as this in SimEarth 20 years ago...

    It had a pretty accurate height map of the planet it seemed and showed what it would look like terraformed. Maybe not in as super cool graphics but still.

    So why does this guy get a Slashdot mention for something I could do at 8?

    1. Re:SimEarth? by meetpi · · Score: 1

      Kees Veenenbos' work is pretty spectacular: http://en.fishki.net/comment.php?id=88754

      His website has more, and he's been doing it since 2001.

      Always room for beautiful visualisations of the natural world, IMHO. :)

  11. Re:BS by metamarmoset · · Score: 3, Informative
    The title is slightly misleading.

    It implies that somebody (perhaps the submitter?) thought that the simulation is intended to be accurate.

    As parent says - read TFA, it's meant to be a creative exercise.

    Also read Kevin Gill's own explaination.

  12. The Shire by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I think I see the Shire down there

  13. Re:BS by Frnknstn · · Score: 1

    Jepardy answers, not news headlines: Are Slashdot titles more like them?

    --
    If it's in you sig, it's in your post.
  14. Re:BS by jimmetry · · Score: 1

    Yes. Because amino acids inevitably evolve into green photosynthesising plants. The original comment made a bad assumption, but so did you.

  15. No. by eggstasy · · Score: 1

    It couldn't possibly look that way. Mount Olympus would be smaller or non existent, craters wouldn't have reshaped the terrain as much, and on top of that, it is thought that Mars might have briefly had some plate tectonics. It depends on the time period they want to depict, of course.

  16. Re:Now What About Earth? by ambisinistral · · Score: 1

    Then it would look a lot like Detroit

    --

    deserve's got nothing to do with it...

  17. Re:BS by physburn · · Score: 1
    If Mars ever had chlorophyl containing life, it would have left and oxygen atmosphere which Mars hasn't got. The above AC is right Mars went dry after its first billion years or so, probably some time before earth evolved oxygen producing planet life.

    ---

    Planet Mars Feed @ Feed Distiller

  18. Re:BS by Forty+Two+Tenfold · · Score: 2

    If Mars ever had chlorophyl containing life, it would have left and oxygen atmosphere which Mars hasn't got.

    Yes, because Oxygen is non-reactive and couldn't "disappear" into complex molecules.

    --
    Upward mobility is a slippery slope - the higher you climb the more you show your ass.
  19. This is the epitome of slashdot by mschuyler · · Score: 2

    Show the nerds a beautiful picture and they'll totally miss the point and dissect it to death. Good thing this is not a beautiful naked woman. They'd be complaining that the angle of the elbow isn't quite right and prove it with a mathematical formula.

    --
    How about a moderation of -1 pedantic.
  20. Why not? by MonsterTrimble · · Score: 1

    While a lot of people seem to be negative on this project, I think it's pretty damn cool and gives us an idea of what could be. We would need to terraform certainly, and quite possibly restart the core, but why not wonder?

    Who knows? Our grandkids could be vacationing on Arsia Mons.

    --
    I call it 'The Aristocrats'